Download or read book Drosophila as a model to study Neurodegenerative diseases written by Udai Pandey and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-09-27 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Drosophila A Toolbox for the Study of Neurodegenerative Disease written by Amritpal Mudher and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2020-11-25 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drosophila gives an overview of the ways in which Drosophila is currently being used as a model organism to further our understanding of a spectrum of human neurological diseases. Each chapter is written by respected researchers and gives an excellent account of the subject that is suitable for postgraduate and postdoctoral researchers.

Download or read book Insights into Human Neurodegeneration Lessons Learnt from Drosophila written by Mousumi Mutsuddi and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-12-05 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is aimed at generating an updated reservoir of scientific endeavors undertaken to unravel the complicated yet intriguing topic of neurodegeneration. Scientists from Europe, USA and India who are experts in the field of neurodegenerative diseases have contributed to this book. This book will help readers gain insight into the recent knowledge obtained from Drosophila model, in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying neurodegenerative disorders and also unravel novel scopes for therapeutic interventions. Different methodologies available to create humanized fly models that faithfully reflects the pathogenicities associated with particular disorders have been described here. It also includes information on the exciting area of neural stem cells. A brief discussion on neurofibrillary tangles, precedes the elaborate description of lessons learnt from Drosophila about Alzheimer's, Parkinson’s, Spinomuscular Atrophy, Huntington’s diseases, RNA expansion disorders and Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia. We have concluded the book with the use of Drosophila for identifying pharmacological therapies for neurodegenerative disorders. The wide range of topics covered here will not only be relevant for beginners who are new to the concept of the extensive utility of Drosophila as a model to study human disorders; but will also be an important contribution to the scientific community, with an insight into the paradigm shift in our understanding of neurodegenerative disorders. Completed with informative tables and communicative illustrations this book will keep the readers glued and intrigued. We have comprehensively anthologized the lessons learnt on neurodegeneration from Drosophila and have thus provided an insight into the multidimensional aspects of pathogenicities of majority of the neurodegenerative disorders.

Download or read book Drosophila Models for Human Diseases written by Masamitsu Yamaguchi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-06-27 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most biological pathways, physical and neurological properties are highly conserved between humans and Drosophila and nearly 75% of human disease-causing genes have a functional homologue in Drosophila. This volume provides recent advances in Drosophila models for various human diseases, with each chapter providing a review of studies involving Drosophila models, as well as detailed protocols commonly used in laboratories. Starting with a review of Drosophila’s value as a highly tractable model organism for studying human diseases, subsequent chapters present Drosophila models for specific human diseases. The book provides a useful resource for all scientists who are starting to use the Drosophila model in their studies, and for researchers working in the pharmaceutical industry and using new screening models to develop new medicines for various diseases.

Download or read book Drosophila Melanogaster as a Model Organism to Study Human Neurodegenerative Diseases written by Kinga Maria Michno and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Drosophila Eye Model to Study Neurodegeneration written by Ankita Sarkar and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The term neurodegeneration refers to the progressive loss of neurons leading to the onset of irreversible neurodegenerative disorders like the Alzheimer's disease (AD). We have harnessed the genetics of the Drosophila melanogaster a.k.a fruit fly to elucidate the complex network of genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration. We exploited the vast plethora of sophisticated genetic tools available at our disposal to mimic the neurodegenerative disease in the fly eye. Alzheimer's disease is a common form of dementia with no cure to date. One of the hallmarks of this disease is the accumulation of Amyloid plaques that triggers neuronal death. The Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) is a trans-membrane protein which when properly cleaved forms a 40 amino acid long polypeptide but when improperly cleaved forms a 42 amino acid long polypeptide (Aß42) which is hydrophobic in nature. We believe that once these Aß42 plaques are formed they emanate certain signals that cause the healthy neurons to die. Thus it is important to identify these signals in order to delay the onset of the Aß42 mediated neurodegeneration. In order to ascertain the molecular and genetic mechanisms underlying the Aß42 mediated neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease several animal models have been developed. We have utilized the Drosophila eye model to understand the etiology of the disease by identifying genetic and chemical modifiers that could ameliorate the Aß42 mediated neurodegenerative phenotype. Here we discuss about one such modifier Wingless (Wg) which when downregulated or blocked rescues the Aß42 mediated neurodegeneration. A complete understanding of a disease-associated brain requires the analysis of the individual neurons. Studies till now have focused on understanding the onset of Alzheimer's disease by misexpressing the Alzheimer associated proteins in a certain group of cells with the help of the yeast derived GAL4-UAS system. In order to understand how the Aß42 plaques produced in a small group of neurons slowly spreads across the entire brain, we must understand the crosstalk between the plaque forming neurons and the surrounding healthy neurons. We thus have generated a two-clone system in order to study the fate of the surrounding wild type neurons and have seen that the Aß42 misexpressed neurons grow at the expense of the adjacent wild type neurons.

Download or read book Drosophila Melanogaster Models of Motor Neuron Disease written by Ruben J. Cauchi and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Motor neuron diseases are the most catastrophic of neurodegenerative disorders. The cognitive function is spared, but the motor neuron degeneration translates into progressive muscle weakness and paralysis that propel the afflicted patient to eventual death. Neurodegenerative disorders constitute one of the major challenges of modern medicine in view of the current lack of effective therapies. The fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, has a distinguished history as an important model organism capable of shaping our fundamental understanding of life. Remarkably, the vast majority of all known human disease genes have a similar fly counterpart and at the molecular and physiological level, the basic principles of neuromuscular function are amazingly conserved between humans and Drosophila. Combine this with the presence of numerous genetic tools developed over the last century allowing genes and the proteins they encode to be manipulated swiftly to decipher their in vivo function and you have a superb genetic animal model organism of disease.This publication singles out the past and recent accomplishments of Drosophila in modelling motor neuron disease including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Lou Gehrigs disease), hereditary spastic paraplegias, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (Kennedys disease) and spinal muscular atrophy. The emphasis is on recent developments including the emerging molecular pathways underpinning these disorders. Genetic screens aimed at identifying novel genes that cause motor neuron degeneration or finding modifiers of the phenotype resulting from the disruption of disease-causative genes are also tackled. Importantly, this collection provides an inspiring look at the indispensability of the fruit fly, and of model organisms in general, to neuroscience research.

Download or read book Drosophila melanogaster written by Farzana Khan Perveen and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-02-28 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains 12 chapters divided into two sections. Section 1 is "Drosophila - Model for Genetics." It covers introduction, chromosomal polymorphism, polytene chromosomes, chromosomal inversion, chromosomal evolution, cell cycle regulators in meiosis and nongenetic transgenerational inheritance in Drosophila. It also includes ecological genetics, wild-type strains, morphometric analysis, cytostatics, frequencies of early and late embryonic lethals (EEL and LEL) and mosaic imaginal discs of Drosophila for genetic analysis in biomedical research. Section 2 is "Drosophila - Model for Therapeutics." It explains Drosophila as model for human diseases, neurodegeneration, heart-kidney metabolic disorders, cancer, pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease, dopamine, neuroprotective therapeutics, mitochondrial dysfunction and translational research. It also covers Drosophila role in ubiquitin-carboxyl-terminal hydrolase-L1 (UCH-L1) protein, eye development, anti-dUCH antibody, neuropathy target esterase (NTE), organophosphorous compound-induced delayed neuropathy (OPIDN) and hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP). It also includes substrate specificities, kinetic parameters of recombinant glutathione S-transferases E6 and E7 (DmGSTE6 and DmGSTE7), detoxification and insecticidal resistance and antiviral immunity in Drosophila.

Download or read book Peroxisome Biology Experimental Models Peroxisomal Disorders and Neurological Diseases written by Gérard Lizard and published by Springer. This book was released on 2021-01-09 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an overview of the biology and biochemistry of peroxisomes, and discusses the contribution of these organelles to peroxisomal and neurodegenerative diseases. It begins with a detailed introduction to the biogenesis and metabolic functions of peroxisomes, and highlights their role in oxidative stress and in lipid metabolism such as fatty acid oxidation. The following chapters focus on the molecular and clinical aspects of peroxisomal disorders caused by defects in peroxisomal function. In particular, the biological aspects of peroxisomal biogenesis disorders such as Zellweger syndrome and Heimler syndrome are discussed. This includes their underlying genetic causes as well as the biochemical and metabolic defects associated with the disorders. In addition, several chapters cover recent observations suggesting an association between peroxisomal dysfunction and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, Multiple Sclerosis and other degenerative cerebellar pathologies. The final section of the book discusses important cell and animal models for studying the role of peroxisomes in human diseases and presents current therapeutic strategies for their treatment. This book deals with a highly topical subject that is at the heart of current research, and represents a valuable contribution for all students and researchers who want to understand the complex biology of peroxisomes and their role in human diseases.

Download or read book The Physical Basis of Heredity written by Thomas Hunt Morgan and published by . This book was released on 1919 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Animal Models for Neurodegenerative Disease written by Jesús Avila and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2011 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, medical developments have resulted in an increase in human life expectancy. The editors have extensive knowledge and experience in this field and the book is aimed at undergraduates, postgraduates, and academics. The chapters cover Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's, and other neurodegenerative disorders.

Download or read book The Acute Effects of an Environmental Neurotoxin L BMAA on Walking Behavior of Drosophila Melanogaster a Model to Study Neurodegenerative Diseases written by Athena Goodarzi and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Drosophila Eye Model to Study Dorso Ventral DV Patterning and Neurodegenerative Disorders written by Neha Gogia and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An important question in developmental biology is how any three-dimensional organ develops from single monolayer sheet of cells. In multicellular organisms, organogenesis requires axial patterning to determine Antero-Posterior (AP), Dorso-Ventral (DV), and Proximo-Distal (PD) axes. DV patterning marks first lineage restriction event during eye development, any deviation during this event during development results in defective organ formation. We have used Drosophila melanogaster (a.k.a, fruit fly) eye as our model organ as 75% of genetic machinery is conserved between fruit flies and humans and have identified defective proventriculus (dve, a Homeobox gene), an ortholog of SATB-homeobox-1 (special AT-rich sequence binding protein-1 in humans), as a new member of DV- patterning genes hierarchy. We have shown that (1) dve acts downstream of pannier (pnr, a GATA-1 transcription factor), and upstream of wingless (wg), (2) Loss-of-function (LOF) of both dve or pnr results in dorsal eye enlargements, while their Gain-of-function (GOF) suppresses the eye fate, and (3) Furthermore, Wingless (Wg, WNT homolog), downstream target of evolutionarily conserved Hippo growth regulatory pathway, acts downstream of dve in the eye, and exhibits similar eye enlargement or suppression phenotypes upon LOF or GOF. It suggests that like wg, dve also plays an important role in regulating growth. To characterize the function of dve (member of DV patterning pathway) during development, we looked for its interacting partners and found that it interacts antagonistically with Hippo signaling to regulate optimum levels of expression of their common downstream target, Wg, to specify eye versus head fate, during growth and patterning in developing eye. Additionally, GOF of SATB1 (vertebrate ortholog of dve) in the eye also resulted in Wg upregulation and eye suppression. Since GOF of hippo (hpo) triggers cell death, we tested if by blocking cell death by using p35 (anti-apoptotic) exhibits similar phenotypes. We found that eye enlargement phenotype resulting from GOF of hpo in dve domain, is not due to hpo mediated cell death, but by regulating retinal differentiation. Overall, this study presents a model that shows genetic interaction between two unrelated pathways of growth regulation and axial (DV) patterning and have significant bearing on developmental mechanisms. Another focus of this study is to employ Drosophila eye model to study Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by loss of upper and lower motor neurons in central nervous system with no known cure to-date. Mutations in genes like human-Fused in Sarcoma (h-FUS) or cabeza (caz) in Drosophila, have been known to cause ALS in flies. Misexpression of h-FUS-WT (Wild-Type), or FUS mutants FUS-R518K or FUS-R521C in Drosophila eye using GAL4-UAS genetic tool, triggers ALS-mediated neurodegeneration. To understand the mechanism of action, we screened for genetic modifiers and found hippo (hpo), as a genetic modifier. We next tested if this neuroprotective function is exclusive to hpo gene or is dependent on Hippo pathway. We modulated Hippo pathway in FUS-WT or mutant-FUS background and found that downregulation of Hippo pathway, exhibited significant rescue in the eye, but the exact mechanism of action was still unclear. Hippo pathway has been known to activate c-Jun-N-Terminal Kinase (JNK), which is involved in neurodegeneration and cell death. To elucidate the mechanism of action, we modulated JNK signaling in FUS or mutant-FUS background and found that downregulation of JNK signaling also rescued FUS mediated neurodegeneration in eye. This study presents a new model that explains how FUS causes neurodegeneration and has significant bearing on search for future therapeutic targets that can modify neurodegenerative behavior of ALS.

Download or read book First in Fly written by Stephanie Elizabeth Mohr and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2018-03-09 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A single species of fly, Drosophila melanogaster, has been the subject of scientific research for more than one hundred years. Why does this tiny insect merit such intense scrutiny? Drosophila’s importance as a research organism began with its short life cycle, ability to reproduce in large numbers, and easy-to-see mutant phenotypes. Over time, laboratory investigation revealed surprising similarities between flies and other animals at the level of genes, gene networks, cell interactions, physiology, immunity, and behavior. Like humans, flies learn and remember, fight microbial infection, and slow down as they age. Scientists use Drosophila to investigate complex biological activities in a simple but intact living system. Fly research provides answers to some of the most challenging questions in biology and biomedicine, including how cells transmit signals and form ordered structures, how we can interpret the wealth of human genome data now available, and how we can develop effective treatments for cancer, diabetes, and neurodegenerative diseases. Written by a leader in the Drosophila research community, First in Fly celebrates key insights uncovered by investigators using this model organism. Stephanie Elizabeth Mohr draws on these “first in fly” findings to introduce fundamental biological concepts gained over the last century and explore how research in the common fruit fly has expanded our understanding of human health and disease.

Download or read book Recent Advances in the use of Drosophila in Neurobiology and Neurodegeneration written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2011-09-07 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Published since 1959, International Review of Neurobiology is a well-known series appealing to neuroscientists, clinicians, psychologists, physiologists, and pharmacologists. Led by an internationally renowned editorial board, this important serial publishes both eclectic volumes made up of timely reviews and thematic volumes that focus on recent progress in a specific area of neurobiology research. This volume reviews existing theories and current research surrounding the movement disorder Dyskinesia. - Leading authors review state-of-the-art in their field of investigation and provide their views and perspectives for future research - Chapters are extensively referenced to provide readers with a comprehensive list of resources on the topics covered - All chapters include comprehensive background information and are written in a clear form that is also accessible to the non-specialist

Download or read book Handbook of Animal Models in Alzheimer s Disease written by G. Casadesus and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 2011-07-05 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Animals have been used to model diseases or test new treatments since around 300 BC, and undoubtedly our ability to model disease in animals – including transgenic animals – has provided major breakthroughs in all fields of biomedical research. Due to their complexity and plurality of pathology and symptomatology, the study of neurodegenerative diseases relies heavily on animal models. These models have been developed in many species in the attempt to undercover the complex nature of the disease mechanisms involved. The ultimate goal is to test promising therapies and to manage, prevent or cure neurodegenerative disease. But because most animal models in this area do not reproduce the full phenotypical disease spectrum and the etiology and clinical presentation of neurodegenerative diseases differ from one patient to the next, the testing of these diseases in animal models often translates poorly to indices of efficacy when applied to the clinical population. Written by experts in the field with these advances and challenges in mind, this handbook provides an updated overview of the animal models being developed and used to study complex disease dynamics. The first part of the book presents an overview of animal models of various species and includes a review of new invertebrate animal models to study neurodegeneration. The second section presents the use of animal models to pinpoint disease mechanisms, and the last part of the handbook examines the various therapeutic interventions being used in models of neurodegenerative disease.

Download or read book Suppression of Neurodegeneration in the Drosophila Models of Human Neurodegenerative Disorders written by Brittany A. Casino and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Background: Leigh Syndrome (LS) is the most common mitochondrial disorder affecting infants and children. There is currently no cure or effective treatment, with the disease almost always being fatal. Our lab has previously identified a mutation (levy) that provides a model of LS in Drosophila melanogaster. Our lab has now identified Su(levy), which suppresses levy induced neurodegeneration(ND). The Su(levy) mutation reduces loss of neurons in levy flies, and makes them resistant to temperature-induced-paralysis, a phenotypic marker of LS in Drosophila. The Su(levy) mutation has been localized to an area of eight genes on the second chromosome using recombination and deficiency mapping. Previous data have suggested that the drosha gene is currently the most likely candidate to be the suppressor. The cause of ND in levy might be reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced oxidative stress, a feature common to many neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's Disease (PD) and Alzheimer's Disease (AD), broadening the suppressor mutation's application to possibly include PD and AD. Methods: Paralysis testing was done in a 38℗ʻC water bath, with paralysis time characterized by when the fly took its last step or the larvae became stationary. Sub-lethal doses of rotenone were fed to wild-type and suppressor flies to determine whether the suppressor mutation would rescue flies from locomotor deficits induced by the pesticide. A melatonin and water mixture was used to rehydrate Drosophila instant medium for exposure of flies to the antioxidant. Results: The Su(levy) mutation made the levy flies resistant to paralysis.^On the other hand, other experiments have shown that the Su(levy) mutation protects flies from the effect of the rotenone on locomotion and longevity. Preliminary sequencing has identified three point mutations within the drosha gene that are candidates for the suppressor mutation. Discussion: The suppressor mutation itself is not detrimental in a heterozygous state, while lethal in a homozygous state. Since oxidative stress might be the cause of ND in the italic. levy/italic mutant, we are expanding the scope of our studies on the suppressor mutation to involve other neurodegenerative diseases, such as PD and AD. Suppressor's effects will be measured through longevity, locomotor, and measurement of oxidative stress through ROS assays. italicSu(levy)/italic may be playing a role in protection from rotenone induced toxicity. Our lab is currently working on identifying the suppressor gene, along with testing whether it will suppress the neurodegeneration in the italicDrosophila