Download or read book Drifter Observations of the Mediterranean Sea Surface Circulation written by Todd A. Mauerhan and published by . This book was released on 2000-03-01 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since June 2, 1986, several institutions have conducted a variety of drifter studies within the Mediterranean Sea for scientific and operational purposes. The data from these studies include 521 individual drifters and span over 13 years. This thesis examines these data in an effort to better describe the Mediterranean Sea surface circulation. Interpretation of the data is conducted by calculating Eulerian and Lagrangian statistics and evaluating some of the errors they contain. An Eulerian framework is employed that best represents the surface flow throughout the Mediterranean Sea as a combination of a deterministic mean and fluctuations due to temporal and mesoscale variability. The results of the Eulerian statistics are presented as charts of Mean Kinetic Energy (MKE), Eddy Kinetic Energy (EKE), mean flow, and velocity variance. Seasonality is analyzed in regions where temporal and spatial coverage of drifter observations is adequate. Drifter wind slippage errors and array biases are evaluated to possibly determine a valid correction. The Lagrangian statistics: diffusivity, velocity covariance, and integral time and space scales are computed. The Eulerian and Lagrangian surface circulation statistics computed from the drifters are in general similar, but much improved and more accurate, to those presented in earlier works.

Download or read book Ionian Sea Surface Temperature written by Jeffrey M. Leitz and published by . This book was released on 1999-09-01 with total page 105 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Ionian Sea is the central basin of the Mediterranean Sea and has been the subject of various oceanographic studies since the 19th century. Substantial changes in water properties (such as temperature), both spatially and temporally (seasonal) occur as a result of extreme forcings by the local winds and by the inflow of cool and less saline Atlantic waters. In recent years, extensive measurements have been made, primarily through remote sensing techniques. In particular, satellite infrared data were used to study the surface thermal features and associated circulation. In order to improve upon previous results, this study focuses on a period of 6 months (May to October, 1995) in which the full resolution (1.25x1.25 km) satellite images are used to describe and study the variability of the sea surface temperature (S ST) and circulation from meso- (days) to seasonal (months) scales. The satellite infrared temperatures are compared to simultaneous and collocated in-situ drifter temperature measurements. They are corrected by removing biases obtained by regression analysis. The corrected images are used to produce maps representing daily, three-day, weekly and monthly Ionian SSTs. Selected SST composites augmented with drifter track and wind field overlays disclose important quantitative features of the Ioman surface waters, such as upwelling events in the Straits of Otranto and of Sicily, and off the African Coast. The spatial structure and temporal variability of the surface fields are presented and discussed.

Download or read book Meteorology and Climatology of the Mediterranean and Black Seas written by Ivica Vilibić and published by Birkhäuser. This book was released on 2019-02-25 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Mediterranean Sea, as a “centre” of the ancient world, has been early recognized as a laboratory basin for a variety of atmospheric, ocean and climate studies. Its uniqueness is manifested in its geographical position, a mid-latitude region connecting three continents, orography that affects cyclogenesis, precipitation and winds, ocean bathymetry that is shaped by narrow and shallow straits, passages and sills, and other. Its both atmospheric and oceanic climate is distinctive and, while differing substantially from neighbouring continents and oceans, it strongly interferes and shapes their properties. One of such adjacent basins is the Black Sea, which is, albeit minor in quantity, providing a noteworthy impact to the Mediterranean and vice versa. This topical volume of Pure and Applied Geophysics is presenting recent investigations of atmospheric and ocean properties, processes and climate of both basins, being inspired by presentations given in the Joint Congress of the 6th International Conference on Meteorology and Climatology of the Mediterranean & Challenges in Meteorology 5, held in Zagreb, Croatia, on 20-22 February 2017. The volume comprises 22 papers that are classified in three research categories: (1) storms, extremes and mesoscale processes, (2) atmospheric climate, variability and climate change, and (3) ocean climate and variability. The papers investigate processes occurring over a variety of spatial and temporal scales, from hemispheric processes that drive the observed changes in the Mediterranean and Black Sea, through phenomena that are influencing the whole basin or its sub-basins, to local and mesoscale extreme events that are affecting large cities and local populations in the region. The volume is of interest to atmospheric and oceanic researchers involved in a variety of processes that are occurring over the Mediterranean and Black Sea region. This particularly refers to young researchers and PhD students that are yet to enter to research of this unique and exciting region full of challenges that need an interdisciplinary, innovative and state-of-the-art approaches in solving actual research problems.

Download or read book Ocean Processes in Climate Dynamics written by Paola Malanotte-Rizzoli and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1994 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute held in Erice, Italy, Jan.-Feb. 1993. The Institute comprised three main bodies of lectures. The first set is devoted to the fundamentals of physics and dynamics that underlie the air-sea exchange process; the overall general circulation; the global conveyor belt with its multiple equilibria and time reversals; and the physics of convection and water mass formation, spreading, and transformations. The second set of lectures is devoted to global examples of these dynamical and physical processes. The third set of lectures is devoted to the Mediterranean Sea. Annotation copyright by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR

Download or read book Adriatic Sea Surface Temperature written by Jason A. Vogt and published by . This book was released on 1999-03-01 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Adriatic Sea is the northernmost semi-enclosed basin of the Mediterranean Sea and has been the subject of various oceanographic studies since the 19th century. Substantial changes in water properties (such as temperature) and in circulation, both spatially and temporally (seasonal) occur as a result of extreme forcings by the local winds and by the fresh water discharge by rivers. In recent years, extensive measurements have been made, primarily through remote sensing techniques. In particular, satellite infrared data were used to study the surface thermal features and associated circulation. In order to improve upon previous results, this study focuses on a period of 6 months (May to October, 1995) in which the full resolution (1.25x1.25 km) satellite images are used to describe and study the variability of the sea surface temperature (SST) and circulation from meso- (days) to seasonal (months) scales. The satellite infrared temperatures are compared to simultaneous and collocated in-situ drifter temperature measurements. They are corrected by removing biases obtained by regression analysis. The corrected images are used to produce maps representing daily, three-day, weekly and monthly Adriatic SSTs. Selected SST composites augmented with drifter overlays disclose important quantitative features of the Adriatic surface waters. The spatial structure and temporal variability of the surface fields are presented and discussed.

Download or read book Physical Oceanography of the Adriatic Sea written by Benoit Cushman-Roisin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Because of its centrallocation in the Old World, the Adriatic Sea has long been explored and studied. Modern methods of investigation, however, have accelerated the pace of study during the last decade. These are the ADCP currentmeter, satellite imagery, drifter technology, and, last but not least, the computer with its arsenal of tools for data analysis and model simulations. As a result of this renaissance, the Adriatic Sea and its sub-basins are currently the object of intensified scrutiny by a number of scientific teams, in Europe and be yond. Questions concerning the mesoscale variability that dominates regional motions, the seasonal circulation of the sea, and its long-term climatic role in the broader Mediterranean, have become topics of lively discussions. The time was ripe then when an international workshop dedicated to the physical oceanography of the Adriatic Sea was convened in Trieste on 21-25 September 1998. Its objectives were to assess the current knowledge of the oceanography of the Adriatic Sea, to review the newly acquired observations, to create syn ergy between model simulations and observations, and to identify directions for future Adriatic oceanography. This book, however,is not the mere proceedings of the workshop. It was written as a monograph synthetizing the current knowledge of the physical oceanography of the Adriatic Sea, with the hope that it will serve as a reference to anyone interested in the Adriatic. The book also identifies topics in need of additional inquiry and proposes research directions for the next decade.

Download or read book World Seas An Environmental Evaluation written by Jean-Francois Hamel and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-08-24 with total page 914 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: World Seas: An Environmental Evaluation, Second Edition, Volume One: Europe, The Americas and West Africa provides a comprehensive review of the environmental condition of the seas of Europe, the Americas and West Africa. Each chapter is written by experts in the field who provide historical overviews in environmental terms, current environmental status, major problems arising from human use, informed comments on major trends, problems and successes, and recommendations for the future. The book is an invaluable worldwide reference source for students and researchers who are concerned with marine environmental science, fisheries, oceanography and engineering and coastal zone development. Covers regional issues that help countries find solutions to environmental decline that may have already developed elsewhere Provides scientific reviews of regional issues, thus empowering managers and policymakers to make progress in under-resourced countries and regions Includes comprehensive maps and updated statistics in each region covered

Download or read book The Physical Oceanography of Sea Straits written by L.J. Pratt and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 585 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Suppose one were given the task of mapping the general circulation in an unfamiliar ocean. The ocean, like our own, is subdivided into basins and marginal seas interconnected by sea straits. Assuming a limited budget for this undertaking, one would do well to choose the straits as observational starting points. To begin with, the currents flowing from one basin to the next, over possibly wide and time-varying paths, are confined to narrow and stable routes within the straits. Mass, heat and chemical budgets for individual basins can be formulated in terms of the fluxes measured across the straits using a relatively small number of instruments. The confinement of the flow by a strait can also give rise to profound dynamical conse quences including choking or hydraulic control, a process similar to that by which a dam regulates the flow from a reservoir. The funneling geometry can lead to enhanced tidal modulation and increased velocities, giving rise to local instabilities, mixing, internal bores, jumps, and other striking hydraulic and fine scale phenomena. In short, sea straits repre sent choke points which are observationally and dynamically strategic and which contain a full range of fascinating physical processes.

Download or read book Impact of Deep Oceanic Processes on Circulation and Climate Variability Examples from the Mediterranean Sea and the Global Ocean written by Vincenzo Artale and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-02-03 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Atlas of Bedforms in the Western Mediterranean written by Jorge Guillén and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-09-23 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This atlas illustrates the characteristics of present-day bedforms, from the shoreline to deep-sea environments, and it also includes short reviews of the main mechanisms that generate such bedforms. The atlas is aimed at the research community, in addition to students, the public at large and companies with interests in the marine environment. The book is divided into seven sections composed of a number of short chapters: 1) bedform analysis and the main physical processes, 2) bedforms in the coastal zone, 3) bedforms on prodeltas and sorted bedforms, 4) bedforms on the continental shelf, 5) bedforms and benthos, 6) bedforms in submarine canyons and 7) slope and deep-sea bedforms. This atlas offers a comprehensive, though not exhaustive, view of the diversity of bedforms and associated processes and of the morphological and temporal scales in the enclosed tideless western Mediterranean Sea.

Download or read book Atmosphere Ocean and Climate Dynamics written by John Marshall and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1978-11-16 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate students in atmospheric, oceanic, and climate science, Atmosphere, Ocean and Climate Dynamics is an introductory textbook on the circulations of the atmosphere and ocean and their interaction, with an emphasis on global scales. It will give students a good grasp of what the atmosphere and oceans look like on the large-scale and why they look that way. The role of the oceans in climate and paleoclimate is also discussed. The combination of observations, theory and accompanying illustrative laboratory experiments sets this text apart by making it accessible to students with no prior training in meteorology or oceanography. * Written at a mathematical level that is appealing for undergraduates and beginning graduate students * Provides a useful educational tool through a combination of observations and laboratory demonstrations which can be viewed over the web * Contains instructions on how to reproduce the simple but informative laboratory experiments * Includes copious problems (with sample answers) to help students learn the material.

Download or read book Ocean Weather Forecasting written by Eric P. Chassignet and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-02-02 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume covers a wide range of topics and summarizes our present knowledge in ocean modeling, ocean observing systems, and data assimilation. The Global Ocean Data Assimilation Experiment (GODAE) provides a framework for these efforts: a global system of observations, communications, modeling, and assimilation that will deliver regular, comprehensive information on the state of the oceans, engendering wide utility and availability for maximum benefit to the community.

Download or read book Ocean Exchange and Circulation written by Miroslav Gacic and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-12-10 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The reduction of greenhouse gas emissions—particularly from fossil fuel-powered vehicles and airplanes by means of weight savings and leaner fuel consumption, helps to restrain environmental impacts. In general, for a variety of industries, and specifically in the case of transport, where both weight savings and increased energy efficiency are pursued, the use of metal–polymer multi-material structures has been growing at an increasing and particularly fast pace in recent years. Several manufacturing techniques have been, or are being, developed, with the aim of being used for producing dissimilar materials in cost-efficient manners. This book presents recent developments in the state of the art of advanced additive manufacturing and the joining of metal–polymer multi-material structures in transportation. This publication mainly focuses on the correlations between microstructure, manufacturing process (i.e., AddJoining, adhesive bonding, friction riveting, friction-based staking and friction spot joining) properties, and the mechanical performance of metal–polymer multi-material structures.

Download or read book Ocean Circulation written by Open Open University and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2001-09-17 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This second edition retains the general structure of the first edition, buthas been updated in the light of recent oceanographic research, and improvedas a teaching text on the basis of feedback from past students and otherreaders.Notable additions include new sections addressing the topic ofnumerical modelling, and more discussion of natural oscillations in theocean-atmosphere system (previously confined to the El Niño phenomenon). Inparticular, the Chapter on the North Atlantic now includes a discussion ofthe North Atlantic Oscillation, as well as of the Great Salinity Anomaly. Inthe final Chapter, treatment of water mass formation has been updated toreflect recent ideas about the processes involved and how they relate toclimatic change over different time-scales, from decades to millennia. High quality full colour diagramsSubstantial chapter summaries ideal for revisionAnswers, hints and notes for questions at back of the book

Download or read book Oceanography of the Mediterranean Sea written by Katrin Schroeder and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-10-16 with total page 586 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oceanography of the Mediterranean Sea: An Introductory Guide provides a comprehensive but concise introduction to the physical oceanography of one of the most fascinating marginal seas, the Mediterranean Sea. The book is primarily focused on the state-of-the-art understanding of the physical functioning of the Mediterranean Sea, while embracing the fundamentals of associated geological and chemical processes. Written by multiple scientists active over many years in the Mediterranean marine community, the book provides a broad overview on the information needed to get a robust background on the physical oceanography of the Mediterranean Sea for students in oceanography, climate science, marine geology and chemistry or scientists unfamiliar with the region. Provides a comprehensive but concise introduction to the physical oceanography of the Mediterranean Sea Presents the existing links between climate, ocean, biogeochemical cycles and geological evolution at the Mediterranean scale Presents clear examples of the Mediterranean region, as well as comparisons with other regions globally

Download or read book The Climate of the Mediterranean Region written by P. Lionello and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-04-19 with total page 593 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Mediterranean region contains a diverse and interesting climate ranging from areas with permanent glaciers to areas of subtropical, semiarid regions. The region is potentially sensitive to climate change and its progress has environmental, social, and economic implications within and beyond the region. Produced by the Mediterranean Climate Variability and Predictability Research Networking Project, this book reviews the evolution of the Mediterranean climate over the past two millennia with projections further into the twenty-first century as well as examining in detail various aspects of the Mediterranean region's climate including evolution, atmospheric variables, and oceanic and land elements. Integrated with this, the book also considers the social and economic problems or vulnerabilities associated with the region. Written and reviewed by multiple researchers to ensure a high level of information presented clearly, Mediterranean Climate Variables will be an invaluable source of information for geologists, oceanographers, and anyone interested in learning more about the Mediterranean climate. Written by leading experts in the field Presents clear, compelling, and concise evidence Includes the latest thinking in Mediterranean climate research

Download or read book Ocean Circulation and Climate written by Gerold Siedler and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2001-04-11 with total page 826 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the views of leading scientists on the knowledge of the global ocean circulation following the completion of the observational phase of the World Ocean Circulation Experiment. WOCE's in situ physical and chemical measurements together with satellite altimetry have produced a data set which provides for development of ocean and coupled ocean-atmosphere circulation models used for understanding ocean and climate variability and projecting climate change. This book guides the reader through the analysis, interpretation, modelling and synthesis of this data.