Download or read book Heavily Doped 2D Quantized Structures and the Einstein Relation written by Kamakhya P. Ghatak and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-07-30 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the Einstein Relation(ER) in two-dimensional (2-D) Heavily Doped (HD) Quantized Structures. The materials considered are quantized structures of HD non-linear optical, III-V, II-VI, Ge, Te, Platinum Antimonide, stressed materials, GaP, Gallium Antimonide, II-V, Bismuth Telluride together with various types of HD superlattices and their Quantized counterparts respectively. The ER in HD opto-electronic materials and their nanostructures is studied in the presence of strong light waves and intense electric fields on the basis of newly formulated electron dispersion laws that control the studies of such quantum effect devices. The suggestion for the experimental determination of HD 2D and 3D ERs and the importance of measurement of band gap in HD optoelectronic materials under intense built-in electric field in nanodevices and strong external photo excitation (for measuring photon induced physical properties) are also discussed in this context. The influence of crossed electric and quantizing magnetic fields on the ER of the different 2D HD quantized structures (quantum wells, inversion and accumulation layers, quantum well HD superlattices and nipi structures) under different physical conditions is discussed in detail. This monograph contains 100 open research problems which form the integral part of the text and are useful for both Ph.D aspirants and researchers in the fields of condensed matter physics, solid-state sciences, materials science, nano-science and technology and allied fields.
Download or read book Dope Dick 2 written by Donald Reynolds and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2021-12 with total page 187 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Greed, hate and a lust for the pleasures that only Jessie can provide leads Calvin Jones back down a dark and familiar road where an open casket awaits them both. As the feds closes in, a young lyrical goddess who is still a virgin comes into Calvin's life, and he discovers a new way to cheat his destiny. With a new-found hard-on for prosperity in Atlanta, Redrum Music begins to take off with a hit single called: Hood Bitch, but not before a whole lot of blood is spilled, and animosity builds. When the battle for street supremacy reaches a boiling point, will Calvin get bitten by the same venomous snake twice or does his charm and pure luck allow for his life to be spared another day?
Download or read book Element Doped Functional Carbon Based Materials written by Sergio Morales-Torres and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-01-28 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon materials are one of the most fascinating materials because of their unique properties and potential use in several applications. They can be obtained from residues or by using advanced synthesis technologies like chemical vapor deposition. The carbon family is very broad, ranging from classical activated carbons to more advanced species such as carbon nanotubes and graphene. The surface chemistry is one of the most interesting aspects of this broad family of materials, which allows the incorporation of different types of chemical functionalities or heteroatoms on the carbon surface, such as O, N, B, S, or P, which can modify the acid–base character, hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity, or the electronic properties of these materials and, thus, determine the final application. This book represents a collection of original research articles and communications focused on the synthesis, properties, and applications of heteroatom-doped functional carbon materials.
Download or read book Self Doped Conducting Polymers written by Michael S. Freund and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2007-03-13 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Self-Doped Conducting Polymers provides an introduction to conducting polymers in general and self-doped conducting polymers in particular. This is followed by an in depth exploration of the synthesis, properties and utilization of several types of self-doped polymers. Optimization of self-doped polymers is also discussed.
Download or read book Spectroscopy of Lanthanide Doped Oxide Materials written by Sanjay J. Dhoble and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2019-10-30 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Spectroscopy of Lanthanide Doped Oxide Materials provides a comprehensive overview on the most essential characterization techniques of these materials, along with their key applications. The book describes the application of optical spectroscopy of lanthanides doped inorganic phosphor hosts and gives information about their structure and morphology, binding energies, energy of transition and band gap. Also discussed are the properties and applications of rare earth doped inorganic materials and the barriers and potential solutions to enable the commercial realization of phosphors in important applications. The book reviews key information for those entering the field of phosphor research, along with the fundamental knowledge of the properties of transition series elements under UV/Visible/NIR light exposer. Low-cost materials methods to synthesize the materials and spectroscopic characterization methods are also detailed. Reviews the barriers and potential solutions to enable commercial realization of inorganic phosphors Discusses low-cost material methods to synthesize and characterize lanthanide doped oxide materials Provides readers with a comprehensive overview on key properties for the most relevant applications, such as lighting and display, energy conversion and solar cell devices
Download or read book Elastic Constants In Heavily Doped Low Dimensional Materials written by Kamakhya Prasad Ghatak and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2021-03-15 with total page 1036 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The elastic constant (EC) is a very important mechanical property of the these materials and its significance is already well known in literature. This first monograph solely deals with the quantum effects in EC of heavily doped (HD) low dimensional materials. The materials considered are HD quantum confined nonlinear optical, III-V, II-VI, IV-VI, GaP, Ge, PtSb₂, stressed materials, GaSb, Te, II-V, Bi₂Te₃, lead germanium telluride, zinc and cadmium diphosphides, and quantum confined III-V, II-VI, IV-VI, and HgTe/CdTe super-lattices with graded interfaces and effective mass super-lattices. The presence of intense light waves in optoelectronics and strong electric field in nano-devices changes the band structure of semiconductors in fundamental ways, which have also been incorporated in the study of EC in HD low dimensional optoelectronic compounds that control the studies of the HD quantum effect devices under strong fields. The importance of measurement of band gap in optoelectronic materials under intense external fields has also been discussed in this context. The influences of magnetic quantization, crossed electric and quantizing fields, electric field and light waves on the EC in HD semiconductors and super-lattices are discussed.The content of this book finds twenty-five different applications in the arena of nano-science and nano-technology. We The authors have discussed the experimental methods of determining the Einstein Relation, screening length and EC in this context. This book contains circa 200 open research problems which form the integral part of the text and are useful for both PhD aspirants and researchers in the fields of condensed matter physics, materials science, solid state sciences, nano-science and technology and allied fields in addition to the graduate courses in semiconductor nanostructures.
Download or read book Lanthanide Doped Luminescent Nanomaterials written by Xueyuan Chen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-04 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lanthanide-Doped Luminescent Nanomaterials reviews the latest advances in the development of lanthanide-doped luminescent inorganic nanoparticles for potential bioapplications. This book covers the chemical and physical fundamentals of these nanoparticles, such as the controlled synthesis methodology, surface modification chemistry, optical physics, and their promising applications in diverse bioassays, with an emphasis on heterogeneous and homogeneous in-vitro biodetection of tumor biomarkers. This book is intended for those readers who are interested in systematically understanding the materials design strategy, optical behavior of lanthanide ions, and practical bioapplications of lanthanide nanoparticles. It primarily focuses on the interdisciplinary frontiers in chemistry, physics and biological aspects of luminescent nanomaterials. All chapters were written by scientists active in this field and for a broad audience, providing both beginners and advanced researchers with comprehensive information on the subject. Xueyuan Chen is a Professor at Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter (FJIRSM), Chinese Academy of Sciences. Yongsheng Liu is a Research Associate Professor at FJIRSM, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Datao Tu is a Research Assistant Professor at FJIRSM, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
Download or read book Structural electrical and magnetic properties of rare earth doped spinel ferrites written by Dr. Yogiraj Vijapure and published by Ashok Yakkaldevi. This book was released on 2022-09-13 with total page 127 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first natural magnetic material found to man in pre historic time was magnetite (Fe3O4), which is now known as ferrous ferrite. The story of ferrites begins with the search for ferromagnetic material of usual high resistivity to obtain reasonable low eddy current losses. When ferrimagnetic materials placed in alternating field, eddy current generates into them, which dissipates energy. These losses can be reduced by lamination of ferrimagnetic core to restrict eddy current. Since, eddy current losses are inversely proportional to the resistivity; they can be minimized by use of magnetic materials of high resistivity. Ferrites having resistivity of up to 107Ωm as compared to 10-7Ωm of iron, reduces the eddy current losses in them to a negligible value, even at microwave frequencies.
Download or read book Rare Earth Doped Fiber Lasers and Amplifiers Revised and Expanded written by Michel J.F. Digonnet and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2001-05-31 with total page 798 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rare-Earth-Doped Fiber Lasers and Amplifiers, Second Edition discusses the essential principles, operating characteristics, and current technology of the main fiber laser and amplifier devices based on rare-earth-doped silica and fluorozirconate fibers. Covering all aspects of this revolutionary technology, the book reviews fiber fabrication methods and the basic spectroscopic properties of rare-earth ions in glasses, concentrates on the most important fiber laser sources, examines several advances in fiber amplifiers, and analyzes new findings and improvements in single-frequency operation, frequency tenability, broadband fiber sources, and blue-green and far-infrared fiber lasers.
Download or read book Dispersion Relations in Heavily Doped Nanostructures written by Kamakhya Prasad Ghatak and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-10-26 with total page 625 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the dispersion relation in heavily doped nano-structures. The materials considered are III-V, II-VI, IV-VI, GaP, Ge, Platinum Antimonide, stressed, GaSb, Te, II-V, HgTe/CdTe superlattices and Bismuth Telluride semiconductors. The dispersion relation is discussed under magnetic quantization and on the basis of carrier energy spectra. The influences of magnetic field, magneto inversion, and magneto nipi structures on nano-structures is analyzed. The band structure of optoelectronic materials changes with photo-excitation in a fundamental way according to newly formulated electron dispersion laws. They control the quantum effect in optoelectronic devices in the presence of light. The measurement of band gaps in optoelectronic materials in the presence of external photo-excitation is displayed. The influences of magnetic quantization, crossed electric and quantizing fields, intense electric fields on the on the dispersion relation in heavily doped semiconductors and super-lattices are also discussed. This book contains 200 open research problems which form the integral part of the text and are useful for graduate students and researchers. The book is written for post graduate students, researchers and engineers.
Download or read book Ferroelectricity in Doped Hafnium Oxide written by Uwe Schroeder and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2019-03-27 with total page 570 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ferroelectricity in Doped Hafnium Oxide: Materials, Properties and Devices covers all aspects relating to the structural and electrical properties of HfO2 and its implementation into semiconductor devices, including a comparison to standard ferroelectric materials. The ferroelectric and field-induced ferroelectric properties of HfO2-based films are considered promising for various applications, including non-volatile memories, negative capacitance field-effect-transistors, energy storage, harvesting, and solid-state cooling. Fundamentals of ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties, HfO2 processes, and the impact of dopants on ferroelectric properties are also extensively discussed in the book, along with phase transition, switching kinetics, epitaxial growth, thickness scaling, and more. Additional chapters consider the modeling of ferroelectric phase transformation, structural characterization, and the differences and similarities between HFO2 and standard ferroelectric materials. Finally, HfO2 based devices are summarized. Explores all aspects of the structural and electrical properties of HfO2, including processes, modelling and implementation into semiconductor devices Considers potential applications including FeCaps, FeFETs, NCFETs, FTJs and more Provides comparison of an emerging ferroelectric material to conventional ferroelectric materials with insights to the problems of downscaling that conventional ferroelectrics face
Download or read book Lanthanide Doped Aluminate Phosphors written by Atul Yerpude and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2023-01-12 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lanthanide Doped Aluminate Phosphors: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications overviews advances in research on aluminate-based long persistent phosphors and their applications in lighting, display, radiation dosimetry and imaging. The book reviews the most important categories of rare earth aluminate-based phosphors, including aluminosilicates and aluminoborates. This category of material is attractive for a wide range of applications because of their high quantum efficiency, long afterglow life, chemical stability and optical properties, which is discussed throughout. Optical properties, in particular, are emphasized in the book along with the relationship of the chemical composition and doping of these materials and their optical performance. This book is suitable for researchers and practitioners working in academia and research and development in industry in the disciplines of materials science and engineering, chemistry and physics. Introduces rare-earth doped aluminates synthesis and characterization strategies, properties and applications Focuses on different types of aluminates, such as monoaluminates, binary aluminates and hexaaluminates, aluminoborates and aluminosilicate systems Discusses optical properties of phosphors, including photoluminescent long persistence and thermo luminescence
Download or read book Magneto Thermoelectric Power in Heavily Doped Quantized Structures written by Kamakhya Prasad Ghatak and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2016 with total page 827 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This pioneering monograph solely deals with the Magneto Thermoelectric Power (MTP) in Heavily Doped (HD) Quantized Structures. The materials considered range from HD quantum confined nonlinear optical materials to HgTe/CdTe HD superlattices with graded interfaces and HD effective mass superlattices under magnetic quantization. An important concept of the measurement of the band gap in HD optoelectronic materials in the presence of external photo-excitation has been discussed in this perspective. The influences of magnetic quantization, crossed electric and quantizing fields, the intense electric field on the TPM in HD semiconductors and superlattices are also discussed. This book contains 200 open research problems which form the integral part of the text and are useful for both PhD aspirants and researchers in the various fields for which this particular series is dedicated"--
Download or read book Development of Thulium Doped Fluoride Fiber Amplifiers written by Marcin Michał Kożak and published by Cuvillier Verlag. This book was released on 2005-12-26 with total page 179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis is related to the spectroscopic and optical properties of doped optical fibers used as a laser amplifier for short laser pulses at high repetition rates emitting around 2 μm. Therefore short pulses created by a laser diode are amplified in thulium-doped optical fibers combining the benefits of a direct electronic control of the laser diodes' parameters and the robust setup of an optical fiber system that can easily be integrated. After the development of a high-current pulse generator especially adapted to the 2 μm laser diodes used, pulses of > 7 ns with peak powers in the Watt range could be generated. Due to the modal behaviour of these laser diodes only 2 mW of peak power could be launched into a single-mode fiber. By comparing different fiber glasses, a heavy metal fluoride glass could be identified as the optimum host for the ions thulium and holmium emitting around 2 μm. Due to the development of a numerical simulation tool based on rate equations and radiation transport equations the fiber parameters such as core diameter, fiber length etc. could be optimized, minimizing the amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) created inside the fiber. Based on this simulation a laser system consisting of cascaded fiber amplifiers could be realized. I emits short laser pulses (20-30 ns) at high repetition rates (up to 125 kHz) and peak powers of up to 5 kW. In contrast to Q-switched lasers the pulse width created is independent of the repetition rate. By using these pulses at 1.87 μm as an optical pump for a Cr2+:ZnSe laser, efficiencies of up to 22% could be reached at an emission wavelength of 2.5 μm.
Download or read book Alkali doped Fullerides Narrow band Solids With Unusual Properties written by Olle Gunnarsson and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2004-05-24 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alkali-doped fullerides have attracted strong interest since their production became possible about fifteen years ago. This book presents recent work which may solve intriguing problems arising from a variety of remarkable properties. For example, these solids are superconductors with high transition temperatures, although the similarity between the electronic and phonon energy scales should suppress superconductivity. Moreover, the Ioffe-Regel condition for electrical conductivity is strongly violated. The book shows why superconductivity is nevertheless possible, owing to a local pairing mechanism. The Ioffe-Regel condition is derived quantum-mechanically, and it is explained why the underlying assumptions are violated for fullerides and high-Tc cuprates, for example. The book treats electronic and transport properties, reviewing theoretical and experimental results. It focuses on superconductivity, electrical conductivity and metal-insulator transitions, emphasizing the electron-electron and electron-phonon interactions as well as the Jahn-Teller effect.
Download or read book Internal Friction Studies in Impurity doped Single Copper Crystals written by Ralph Robert Stevens and published by . This book was released on 1957 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Photo Thermal Spectroscopy with Plasmonic and Rare Earth Doped Nano Materials written by Ali Rafiei Miandashti and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-12-30 with total page 87 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book highlights the theoretical foundations of and experimental techniques in photothermal heating and applications involving nanoscale heat generation using gold nanostructures embedded in various media. The experimental techniques presented involve a combination of nanothermometers doped with rare-earth atoms, plasmonic heaters and near-field microscopy. The theoretical foundations are based on the Maxwell’s and heat diffusion equations. In particular, the working principle and application of AlGaN:Er3+ film, Er2O3 nanoparticles and β-NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+ nanocrystals for nanothermometry based on Er3+ emission are discussed. The relationship between superheated liquid and bubble formation for optically excited nanostructures and the effects of the surrounding medium and solution properties on light absorption and scattering are presented. The application of Er2O3 and β-NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+ nanocrystals to study the temperature of optically heated gold nanoparticles is also presented. In closing, the book presents a new thermal imaging technique combining near-field microscopy and Er3+ photoluminescence spectroscopy to monitor the photothermal heating and steady-state sub-diffraction local temperature of optically excited gold nanostructures.
