Download or read book Does Strategic Patenting Threaten Innovation And What Could Happen If it Did written by Bernard Girard and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent buyouts of Nortel's patent portfolios by a consortium including Microsoft, Apple and Sony and Motorola Mobility's by Google have focused attention on the role of intellectual property (IP) in business strategies. IP changed a lot these last fifteen years. New patent-eligible subject matters (biotechnology, software) and regulatory developments in the United States have since the mid-80s led to a rapid growth of patenting, to a fast raise of patents's value but also to the deterioration of their average quality. It also led to the massive use of Strategic Patenting by firms. These developments contributed to the rise of the prices of intangible assets and goodwill that represent today 80% of the value of the top S&P 500. Globalization, network organizations and generalized subcontracting can explain part of an evolution that could have a significant impact on the pace and direction of innovation. These changes create barriers to new entrants, divert R & D budgets from research and bring major uncertainty to new entrants who never know whether they infringe a patent or not. Universities that file patents may neglect basic research while firms that indulge in strategic patenting spend an increasing proportion of their R&D effort in legal expenses and defensive strategies. Last but not least, these changes could create dangerous speculative bubbles. In short, they could slow the pace of innovation and harm those industries that innovate the most. To counter these dangers, economists recommend the establishment of more efficient markets for patents and licences. In their views, the Silicon Valley could be the center of this market, since that is where operate most specialized operators, brokers and intermediaries. But is it the solution? Can we build an efficient market with intangible assets that cannot be properly priced without inviting speculation? These proposals to establish a market are in line with the standard economic theory that explains that the protection granted to the inventor is an incentive to invest in the search of new processes. For its advocates, more patents means more innovation. But this view is regularly disputed by entrepreneurs who do not care to apply for patents (too expensive, too time consuming) and by economists and sociologists who insist instead on the role of information flows from one entrepreneur to the other. The advocates of an efficient patent market forget that overprotecting IP is not the only solution to promote innovation. They also forget that this market as we know it today was initially created by changes in its regulations in the US. It is the governments that define and give ownership rights to intangible assets, patents or trademarks. Regulations change from one country to the other. And what is good for America is not necessarily good for others. European and Asian governments could look at other ways to stimulate innovation. Rather than move towards the imitation of the American model, they should remember that there can be no progress without a free flow of ideas.

Download or read book Innovation Industrial Dynamics and Structural Transformation written by Uwe Cantner and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-03-08 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an account of work in the Schumpeterian and evolutionary tradition of industrial dynamics and the evolution of industries. It is shown that over time industries evolve and change their structure. In this dynamic process, change is affected and sometimes constraint by many factors, including knowledge and technologies, the capabilities and incentives of actors, new products and processes, and institutions.

Download or read book Innovation and Its Discontents written by Adam B. Jaffe and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2007-01-07 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States patent system has become sand rather than lubricant in the wheels of American progress. Such is the premise behind this provocative and timely book by two of the nation's leading experts on patents and economic innovation. Innovation and Its Discontents tells the story of how recent changes in patenting--an institutional process that was created to nurture innovation--have wreaked havoc on innovators, businesses, and economic productivity. Jaffe and Lerner, who have spent the past two decades studying the patent system, show how legal changes initiated in the 1980s converted the system from a stimulator of innovation to a creator of litigation and uncertainty that threatens the innovation process itself. In one telling vignette, Jaffe and Lerner cite a patent litigation campaign brought by a a semi-conductor chip designer that claims control of an entire category of computer memory chips. The firm's claims are based on a modest 15-year old invention, whose scope and influenced were broadened by secretly manipulating an industry-wide cooperative standard-setting body. Such cases are largely the result of two changes in the patent climate, Jaffe and Lerner contend. First, new laws have made it easier for businesses and inventors to secure patents on products of all kinds, and second, the laws have tilted the table to favor patent holders, no matter how tenuous their claims. After analyzing the economic incentives created by the current policies, Jaffe and Lerner suggest a three-pronged solution for restoring the patent system: create incentives to motivate parties who have information about the novelty of a patent; provide multiple levels of patent review; and replace juries with judges and special masters to preside over certain aspects of infringement cases. Well-argued and engagingly written, Innovation and Its Discontents offers a fresh approach for enhancing both the nation's creativity and its economic growth.

Download or read book Driving the Economy through Innovation and Entrepreneurship written by Department of Management Studies, and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-09 with total page 865 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modern technologies are central to creation of wealth through business expansion leading to economic development. This is visible in the fast-paced technology-induced economic growth experienced by most countries, especially by rapidly growing economies such as India, China, Brazil, South Korea, among others. Increasing individual scientific contribution, nurturing entrepreneurial talent, promoting innovative competence, strategically prioritizing and investing in technologies and enhancing national economic wealth are some of the important Technology Management goals. Technology Management has emerged as a strategic and knowledge domain of interest to academicians, practitioners, and policy makers across the globe. Technology Management has also evolved into an inter-disciplinary concern which requires national and international collaborations and exchange of insights. Keeping this objective in mind the International Conference on Technology Management is organized by the Department of Management Studies, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, a leader in research and education in Technology Management for the last several decades. This conference aims at integrating experiences of academicians, industry leaders, Technology Managers and Innovators towards effective knowledge creation and economic development. The contributions of the present volume are presented at the International Conference on Technology Management-2012 during 18-20 July 2012.

Download or read book Global Dimensions of Intellectual Property Rights in Science and Technology written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1993-02-01 with total page 457 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As technological developments multiply around the globeâ€"even as the patenting of human genes comes under serious discussionâ€"nations, companies, and researchers find themselves in conflict over intellectual property rights (IPRs). Now, an international group of experts presents the first multidisciplinary look at IPRs in an age of explosive growth in science and technology. This thought-provoking volume offers an update on current international IPR negotiations and includes case studies on software, computer chips, optoelectronics, and biotechnologyâ€"areas characterized by high development cost and easy reproducibility. The volume covers these and other issues: Modern economic theory as a basis for approaching international IPRs. U.S. intellectual property practices versus those in Japan, India, the European Community, and the developing and newly industrializing countries. Trends in science and technology and how they affect IPRs. Pros and cons of a uniform international IPRs regime versus a system reflecting national differences.

Download or read book Intellectual Property Strategy written by John Palfrey and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2011-10-07 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How a flexible and creative approach to intellectual property can help an organization accomplish goals ranging from building market share to expanding an industry. Most managers leave intellectual property issues to the legal department, unaware that an organization's intellectual property can help accomplish a range of management goals, from accessing new markets to improving existing products to generating new revenue streams. In this book, intellectual property expert and Harvard Law School professor John Palfrey offers a short briefing on intellectual property strategy for corporate managers and nonprofit administrators. Palfrey argues for strategies that go beyond the traditional highly restrictive “sword and shield” approach, suggesting that flexibility and creativity are essential to a profitable long-term intellectual property strategy—especially in an era of changing attitudes about media. Intellectual property, writes Palfrey, should be considered a key strategic asset class. Almost every organization has an intellectual property portfolio of some value and therefore the need for an intellectual property strategy. A brand, for example, is an important form of intellectual property, as is any information managed and produced by an organization. Palfrey identifies the essential areas of intellectual property—patent, copyright, trademark, and trade secret—and describes strategic approaches to each in a variety of organizational contexts, based on four basic steps. The most innovative organizations employ multiple intellectual property approaches, depending on the situation, asking hard, context-specific questions. By doing so, they achieve both short- and long-term benefits while positioning themselves for success in the global information economy.

Download or read book Patents in the Knowledge Based Economy written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-08-11 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume assembles papers commissioned by the National Research Council's Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy (STEP) to inform judgments about the significant institutional and policy changes in the patent system made over the past two decades. The chapters fall into three areas. The first four chapters consider the determinants and effects of changes in patent "quality." Quality refers to whether patents issued by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) meet the statutory standards of patentability, including novelty, nonobviousness, and utility. The fifth and sixth chapters consider the growth in patent litigation, which may itself be a function of changes in the quality of contested patents. The final three chapters explore controversies associated with the extension of patents into new domains of technology, including biomedicine, software, and business methods.

Download or read book The Interface Between Intellectual Property Rights and Competition Policy written by Steven D. Anderman and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2007-05-10 with total page 547 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this book is to examine the experience of a number of countries in grappling with the problems of reconciling the two fields of competition policy and intellectual property rights. The first part of the book indicates the variation in legislative models as well as the wide variety of judicial and administrative doctrines that have been used. The jurisdictions selected for study are the three major trading blocks with the longest experience of case law (the EU, the USA and Japan) and three less populous countries with open economies (Australia, Ireland and Singapore). In the second part of the book we look at a number of issues closely related to the interface between competition law and intellectual property rights. Separate chapters analyse the issue of parallel trading and exhaustion of IPRs, the issue of technology transfer, and the economics of the interface between intellectual property and competition law.

Download or read book Intellectual Property and Competition Law written by Steven Anderman and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2011-02-10 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examining the relationship between intellectual property and competition law with a particular focus on European law, this book highlights areas emerging new frontiers.

Download or read book A Patent System for the 21st Century written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2004-10-01 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. patent system is in an accelerating race with human ingenuity and investments in innovation. In many respects the system has responded with admirable flexibility, but the strain of continual technological change and the greater importance ascribed to patents in a knowledge economy are exposing weaknesses including questionable patent quality, rising transaction costs, impediments to the dissemination of information through patents, and international inconsistencies. A panel including a mix of legal expertise, economists, technologists, and university and corporate officials recommends significant changes in the way the patent system operates. A Patent System for the 21st Century urges creation of a mechanism for post-grant challenges to newly issued patents, reinvigoration of the non-obviousness standard to quality for a patent, strengthening of the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, simplified and less costly litigation, harmonization of the U.S., European, and Japanese examination process, and protection of some research from patent infringement liability.

Download or read book Innovation and Firm Performance written by A. Kleinknecht and published by Springer. This book was released on 2001-12-14 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The emergence of new firm-level data, including the European Community Innovation Survey (CIS), has led to a surge of studies on innovation and firm behaviour. This book documents progress in four interrelated fields: · investigation of the use of new indicators of innovation output · investigation of determinants of innovative behaviour · the role of spillovers, the public knowledge infrastructure and research and development collaboration · The impact of innovation on firm performance Written by an international group of contributors, the studies are based on agriculture and the manufacturing and service industries in Europe and Canada and provide new insights into the driving forces behind innovation.

Download or read book The Battle Over Patents written by Stephen H. Haber and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2021 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This essay is the introduction to a book of the same title, forthcoming in summer of 2021 from Oxford University Press. The purpose is to document the ways in which patent systems are products of battles over the economic surplus from innovation. The features of these systems take shape as interests at different points in the production chain seek advantage in any way they can, and consequently, they are riven with imperfections. The interesting historical question is why US-style patent systems with all their imperfections have come to dominate other methods of encouraging inventive activity. The essays in the book suggest that the creation of a tradable but temporary property right facilitates the transfer of technological knowledge and thus fosters a highly productive decentralized ecology of inventors and firms.

Download or read book The Patent Crisis and How the Courts Can Solve It written by Dan L. Burk and published by ReadHowYouWant.com. This book was released on 2010-10-19 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Patent law is crucial to encourage technological innovation. But as the patent system currently stands, diverse industries from pharmaceuticals to software to semiconductors are all governed by the same rules even though they innovate very differently. The result is a crisis in the patent system, where patents calibrated to the needs of prescrip...

Download or read book The Role of NIH in Drug Development Innovation and Its Impact on Patient Access written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2020-01-27 with total page 103 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To explore the role of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in innovative drug development and its impact on patient access, the Board on Health Care Services and the Board on Health Sciences Policy of the National Academies jointly hosted a public workshop on July 24â€"25, 2019, in Washington, DC. Workshop speakers and participants discussed the ways in which federal investments in biomedical research are translated into innovative therapies and considered approaches to ensure that the public has affordable access to the resulting new drugs. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.

Download or read book Determinants of Innovation written by Alfred Kleinknecht and published by Springer. This book was released on 1996-11-08 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Micro-econometric analyses cover a wide range of new innovation 'input' and 'output' indicators. Among the robust findings about determinants of innovation is evidence on the importance of technological opportunity, of appropriability of innovation benefits, and of Schmooklerian demand-pull effects. As opposed to the evidence from standard R&D data, small firms appear more innovative and the impact of market power on innovation is, in the best case, modest.

Download or read book Antitrust Enforcement and Intellectual Property Rights written by U S Department of Justice and published by . This book was released on 2013-07-02 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past several decades, antitrust enforcers and the courts have come to recognize that intellectual property laws and antitrust laws share the same fundamental goals of enhancing consumer welfare and promoting innovation. This recognition signaled a significant shift from the view that prevailed earlier in the twentieth century, when the goals of antitrust and intellectual property law were viewed as incompatible: intellectual property law's grant of exclusivity was seen as creating monopolies that were in tension with antitrust law's attack on monopoly power. Such generalizations are relegated to the past. Modern understanding of these two disciplines is that intellectual property and antitrust laws work in tandem to bring new and better technologies, products, and services to consumers at lower prices.

Download or read book Intellectual Property and Antitrust written by Mariateresa Maggiolino and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2011-01-01 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book brings to bear Professor Maggiolino?s considerable skills as a comparative competition law scholar on what is perhaps the single most important competition policy issue facing us today - namely, how to use IP policy and competition policy in tandem to further both economic competition and competition in innovation. Professor Maggiolino?s book covers a large range of IP practices by dominant firms where competition law can be invoked, including "sham" litigation and product design, improper infringement actions, predation, and refusals to license. This book is well researched, well written, and completely up to date. Every serious competition law/antitrust and intellectual property scholar and practitioner should regard it as "must" reading.