Download or read book Does an Exotic Invasive Grass Facilitate the Invasion of a Woody Species Into Remnant Prairies A Study of the Native Prosopis Glandulosa and the Alien Sorghum Halepense written by Amie E. Treuer and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The native tree, Prosopis glandulosa (honey mesquite), and the exotic grass, Sorghum halepense (Johnsongrass), have been successfully invading native prairies in the Southwest U.S. since the 1800s. Although both species employ complementary life history traits in order to establish and flourish in grasslands, a correlation between the two has yet to be established. MacDougall and Turkington's (2005) "driver" or "passenger" model of invasive species was applied to explore mechanisms of invasion and impacts on community structure of these two species. My first objective was to determine if S. halepense was driving shifts in the abiotic and biotic structure of a native prairie community. Assuming that S. halepense was in fact altering both the resources and the plant neighborhood of the community, my second objective was to determine if S. halepense was facilitating the invasion of P. glandulosa . I predicted that in an invaded prairie zone, S. halepense (A) increased light levels, (B) decreased soil nitrogen (N) and increased soil carbon (C), and (C) decreased soil moisture relative to conditions in a prairie without this species, and thus (D)created a less diverse plant community, comprised of different plant species, and (E) facilitated the invasion of P. glandulosa, a known N-fixer. In 2005 a field experiment was established in a remnant tallgrass prairie in North Texas comprised of three distinct zones: a native zone dominated by the native grass S. scoparium, an invaded zone of S. halepense, and a mixed zone where both native and exotic grasses were present. A greenhouse competition experiment followed in 2006 comparing P. glandulosa's germination and growth in two soil types, native and invaded, with three levels of competition: no competition, S. scoparium, and S. halepense. To test predictions regarding the first objective, light levels, soil N and soil C were examined in both the field and the greenhouse while soil gravimetric moisture and plant community composition were measured in the field only. The presence of S. halepense significantly lowered light levels and increased soil N and soil moisture in the field plots relative to native prairie. However, the lowest light levels in the greenhouse experiment occurred in pots with S. scoparium owing to the presence of standing dead. Somewhat surprisingly, plant species diversity and the number of woody species were higher in the invaded zone than the native zone. To address the second objective, P. glandulosa germination and seedling growth were measured in both the field and greenhouse. Ambient litter inhibited P. glandulosa germination in the field regardless of neighbors, although a correlation with decreased light was not established. Significantly more seeds germinated in the invaded zone then either the mixed or native zones in the field, while seeds planted in greenhouse pots with S. halepense germinated better then those planted alone or with S. scoparium, regardless of soil type. Contrary to the field germination results, there was no effect of litter on seedling growth, while in both the field and greenhouse competition from live neighbors inhibited seedling growth. In the field seedlings in the native zone without competition grew the tallest, and seedling mortality caused by herbivores was significantly higher in the invaded zone (60-80%) than the native zone (20%). In the greenhouse seedling growth was equally inhibited by the presence of S. halepense and S. scoparium. These results suggest that the soil abiotic resources and community structure were being altered in a way that facilitated seedling recruitment but not growth of P. glandulosa, and the shift from grassland to woodland was multivariate in origin. Anthropogenic influences, such as disturbance, fragmentation, and land management, may have caused the low diversity in the native zone and may have interacted with S. halepense's indirect effects on soil moisture, light, and N availability to drive community level changes in this remnant prairie.

Download or read book Takeover on the Tallgrass Prairie written by Morgan R. Walder and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Invasion ecology aims to study mechanisms by which invasive species are able to enter, establish, and spread within an ecosystem. This study analyzed Darwin's naturalization and the biotic resistance hypotheses as the most likely explanations for invasion by an exotic legume, Lespedeza cuneata, into a tallgrass prairie. Darwin's naturalization hypothesis posits that exotic species are less able to establish in communities that have related species, because similarity in morphology and function promotes intense competition for resources. The biotic resistance hypothesis states that competitors, herbivores, and pathogens already present in the community limit the colonization, naturalization, and persistence of invaders, therefore impeding invasion. Phenological and morphological data, photosynthetically-active radiation (PAR) measurements, Daubenmire cover, and biomass were recorded to test these hypotheses. As predicted by Darwin's naturalization hypothesis, L. cuneata mass and the mass of other legumes were negatively associated. In addition, phenological differences between L. cuneata and the other legumes on the study site further support Darwin's naturalization hypothesis. In order to inform conservation management, it is essential to identify mechanisms by which invasion occurs, such as was done in this study.

Download or read book The Effects of Habitat Loss and Fragmentation Caused by Woody Plant Encroachment on Native Plant Diversity and on an Invasive Grass written by Karen Marie Alofs and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Habitat loss, habitat fragmentation and species invasions have been recognized as three of the leading threats to biodiversity. I examined the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation on native and invasive plants in central Texas. During the last century, the density and abundance of woody plants has been increasing in the savannas of eastern Edwards Plateau. This process, known as woody plant encroachment, not only reduces the amount of open herbaceous habitat but also fragments that habitat creating smaller and more isolated patches. In three studies, I investigated the consequences of this habitat loss and fragmentation for plants which do not occur under the cover of woody plants including native grasses and forbs and the invasive Eurasian bunchgrass, Bothriochloa ischaemum (King Ranch Bluestem). In the first study, I show that woody plant encroachment reduces native herbaceous species richness (the number of species in a given area). Using a collection of historical aerial photographs, I demonstrate that current native herbaceous species richness was most strongly related to recent habitat amount, but to the degree of habitat fragmentation at least 50 years ago. In a second study, I show that the presence of B. ischaemum was negatively related to the degree of fragmentation in the surrounding landscape. Finally, I found that B. ischaemum had higher rates of germination and growth in experimental plots where the species commonly lost with woody plant encroachment were removed than in unmanipulated control plots. Together, this work suggests that woody plant encroachment is directly slowing the spread of an invasive species while indirectly facilitating its establishment.

Download or read book Quantifying the Ecological Impacts of the Woody Invasive Prosopis Juliflora mesquite in Gantsi District Botswana written by Tshegofatso Chilume and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 133 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Humans have introduced plants into new areas for centuries. These plants can provide food, shelter and other positive benefits. However, introduced plants become invasive plants when they spread uncontrollably and become destructive by transforming the environment of their invaded areas. This is the case with Prosopis juliflora, a woody invasive plant of Central American origin, introduced into the Kgalagadi Desert in the early 1980s. This introduction has tremendously transformed Kgalagadi Desert, improving both its soil and species richness but it has now invaded the adjacent Gantsi District, a place of high economic and ecological value to Botswana. This study assessed the impacts associated with P. juliflora invasion on soil properties and native plants along Hanahai Valley, in Gantsi District. Species richness, density and composition were evaluated in 20 invaded and 20 uninvaded plots. Soil samples were also collected for a range of chemical analyses. A total of 165 plant species were recorded during this study; 158 species in the uninvaded plots and 132 species in the invaded plots, a difference of 26 species. Analysis of P. juliflora invasion association with species richness and abundance in Gantsi District showed that P. juliflora is associated with significantly reduced evenness, richness and density and an altered community composition of associated plants. The presence of P. juliflora was associated with significant increase in values of soil variables including pH, calcium, nitrogen, potassium, sodium, phosphorus, magnesium and cation exchange capacity. Moverover, P. juliflora invasion was found to be associated with an increase in invasion index and a decline in dominant native species heights. It remains unclear whether the measured differences between invaded and uninvaded plots were a result of P. juliflora invasion or P. juliflora preferentially invading sites with certain soil and vegetation characteristics. These results provide a baseline on the probable impacts associated with the presence of P. juliflora in Gantsi District, and suggest that management and control measures should be put in place before it spreads further and exerts more pressure on the ecosystem.

Download or read book Co occurring Invasive Plant Species written by Emma Oschrin and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 89 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plant invasion biology has focused on single-species invasions, yet most systems experience multiple invasions simultaneously. Invasive-invasive interactions and their impacts on native communities are therefore critical for scientists and land managers to better understand. My work addresses this research gap through the study of multiple plant species invasions in tallgrass prairie communities. Employing greenhouse mesocosm studies and fieldwork, I researched interactions between invasive species, how co-occurring invasive species affect native species, and spatial patterns of co-occurring invasive species. I found evidence for both facilitative and competitive interactions among invasive species, but also that diverse native communities were similarly negatively impacted regardless of the identity or diversity of invaders. I investigated plant-soil interactions as a possible mechanism of invasive-invasive interactions, developing a conceptual framework based on invasion mechanisms and applying the framework to a plant-soil feedback (PSF) study. The study revealed neutral PSF between pairs of invasive species, which could indicate escape from soil borne enemies or benefit from generalist soil mutualists. To investigate spatial patterns of invasive species co-occurrence, I surveyed 11 urban prairie plantings in Indianapolis for plant species richness and abundance. Using geographic information system methodology and spatial analysis, I determined that urban prairie sites were often co-invaded by multiple species, but neither landscape-level factors (e.g. surrounding land use) nor site-specific factors (e.g. size, edge, prior land use history) were predictive of invasive plant species composition or abundance at a site. My work advances the frontier of co-occurring invasive species research, illustrating the complexity of invasive- invasive interactions and identifying key future directions, including the role of invasive and native functional group identity and diversity in driving invasive-invasive interactions and impacts, the generality and basis of neutral PSF among co-occurring invasive species, and fine- scale land use categorization for analysis of field patterns of co-occurring species.

Download or read book Combating a Native Invasion written by Kathrine E. Hood and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Cross Timbers and Rolling Plains ecoregions, once diverse grasslands, are succumbing to woody encroachment by honey mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa Torr.) and the concurrent herbaceous takeover by Texas wintergrass (Nassella leucotricha Trin. & Rupr.). The mesquite/wintergrass association is extensive and increasing, with no clear mitigation options. Researchers hypothesize that encroachment is driven largely by livestock overgrazing coinciding with historical land use change. Attempting to apply the cause as a solution, I used an average stocking density associated with high-intensity grazing (approximately 33,600 kg ha−1) to jumpstart restoration toward a balanced, diverse, native vegetation. I determined if a single defoliation event (via high-stock grazing or mowing) opposed to repeated defoliation influenced wintergrass canopy cover, herbaceous dry matter yield, reproduction, and soil health (via bulk density and nutrient composition) over one growing season. I used cool-season grazing to stress wintergass plants and reduce seed production, while increasing bare ground and decreasing litter to promote warm season perennial grass establishment. Restoring these native ecosystems creates habitat diversity for wildlife, such as the declining bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus), as well as provides greater quality forages for cattle operations in summer months. Repeated grazing treatments reduced wintergrass growth in spring 2018 (P≤0.05), that resulted in reduced cover in the subsequent growing season. Reproductive fitness decreased (P≤0.05) indicated by low reproductive stalk to biomass ratios (approximately 2 g dry matter to 1 reproductive stalk), while influencing soil nutrient composition (specific to location). Soil bulk density increased within grazed plots though not crossing a deleterious threshold (P≤0.05). To promote conditions for prairie establishment, repeated grazing treatment application should vary due to site history. This would address site differences with increased bare ground (summer 2018 P≤0.05; winter 2019 P≤0.001) and decreased litter (spring 2018 P≤0.05).

Download or read book Restoration of a Prairie Ecosystem written by Leland Dwyth Bennion and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Patterns and Processes of Invasion of the Exotic Plant Marrubium Vulgare horehound in a Mixed Grass Prairie written by Elizabeth Ann Gastineau and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Invasive plants pose a global threat by changing natural communities and ecosystems in ways that may be irreversible. Marrubium vulgare L. (horehound), native to Eurasia, is an invasive exotic plant found throughout the United States. Little is known about M. vulgare in the U.S. and this study aimed to understand the basic biology, habitat, and population dynamics of M. vulgare in its invasive habitat as well as the role of disturbance in the invasions. Wind Cave National Park (WCNP), an area comprising ponderosa pine and mixed grass prairie vegetation types, was used as the site for this study. In a GPS and GIS mapping study, M. vulgare was found to be significantly associated with prairie dog towns, an Aristida purpurea - Dyssodia papposa (threeawn and fetid marigold) vegetation community (a vegetation type found exclusively on prairie dog towns), and certain types of loamy soils. M. vulgare was rarely found off of prairie dog towns and then only in other disturbed areas such as bison trails or tree falls. Population studies showed M. vulgare populations were mostly stable or slightly decreasing in density (though not significantly) from 2010 to 2011; however, a few of the populations did increase dramatically in density from 2010 to 2011. M. vulgare populations existed in high densities (78.3-322.9 ramets/m2) and in low densities (0.1-2.2 genets/m2) throughout WCNP. Disturbances including prairie dog burrows, bison trails, prairie dog and bison presence, mowing, and percent cover of bare ground were measured in relation to population dynamics. While M. vulgare populations were disturbance dependent, there was no clear relationship between disturbances and population dynamics. Examination of M. vulgare life history traits found that while M. vulgare had relatively low biomass allocation to reproduction as compared to native perennial prairie species, M. vulgare produced an extremely high number of small seeds (estimated 1487/plant). Seedling establishment rates were also high. While not quantified, M. vulgare appears to be effectively dispersed through bison epizoochory. These results help to inform management of M. vulgare populations: minimizing disturbance, decreasing propagule supply, and minimizing dispersal may help to reduce M. vulgare invasions.

Download or read book A Holistic Approach to Mima Mound Prairie Restoration written by Kristin R. Anicito and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Invasive winter annual grass (IWAGs) abundance has increased throughout much of the western United States, with serious consequences for biodiversity and ecosystem function. While a variety of tools have been used to control IWAGS, they often fail to achieve the goal of creating a self-sustaining native plant community. Therefore, a major goal of my thesis has been to explore and test restoration approaches that might help realize such plant communities. These approaches include ecologically based invasive plant management (EBIPM) and assisted succession. EBIPM is a holistic approach that aims to restore ecological functions damaged by IWAGs with a combination of restoration tools that remove the IWAGs and promote native growth. Assisted succession can be used to further restore the native plant community by dispersing fast growing native annual seed (instead of native perennial), forcing competition with invasive annuals. It is thought that native perennials should be able to more easily succeed following the native annuals that they evolved with rather than invasive annuals. Both approaches seek to increase community resistance to invasion, which should promote self-sustainability. Community resistance to invasion in western bunchgrass communities is also enhanced by the presence of biological soil crust (biocrust), which is the moss, lichen, algae, and cyanobacteria growing on the soil. Biocrust has been shown to prevent seeds from establishing by creating a barrier between the seed and the soil but has only been tested in arid areas. Much of the west, including Turnbull National Wildlife Refuge, where my study is focused, is in semiarid habitat, with nearly twice the rainfall. It is not known how biocrust affects IWAG invasion in such conditions, or even how biocrust responds to invasive species control techniques such as herbicide and fire. I tested the effects of restoration techniques that control IWAGs, increase native species abundance, and promote community resistance to invasion on plant community and biocrust composition over a range of habitats in a Mirna mound Prairie at Turnbull National Wildlife Refuge (TNWR). Mima mounds are discrete mounds of soils, surrounded by shallow intermound soils; mound size and intermound vegetation growth is dependent on substrate type. The restoration techniques included prescribed fire (fall burn), Outrider herbicide applied in late fall, and native annual and perennial seed addition (seeds added in winter). I further tested the effect of boot trampling on biocrust. Plants were sampled before and the first growing season after application. I found that 1) V. dubia increased 15-fold on mounds from 2009 to 2013, and where V. dubia was abundant, lichen cover was low but moss cover was high, 2) Outrider® herbicide was the most effective technique at reducing invasive species and had minimal impact on natives, on mounds; on intermounds native cover actually increased with herbicide, 3) Fire effectively increased native species cover on mounds but had little effect on intermounds; fire had little effect on invasive cover, 4) annual seed addition effectively increased native cover while perennial seed addition had little effect the first year, and 5) in intermounds areas where biocrust was abundant, treatments had little effect on the biocrust community or on exotic plant species. My results can be used to help land managers decide appropriate restoration approaches to increase community sustainability in semiarid regions, however long-term monitoring is needed to test whether these results are truly sustainable"--Document.

Download or read book Implications of Exotic Species Invasion for Restoration of Urban Riparian Forests written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Urban forests serve as remnant natural areas in otherwise degraded landscapes. Yet, these forests are commonly threatened by invasion of exotic plant species, which may compromise the structure and ecological functions of native communities. Restoration of these forests will inevitably require removal and continued control of exotic species invasions. I focused my research on urban riparian forests within Raleigh and Cary, North Carolina, USA. My goals are to understand the impacts of exotic species invasion on these forest communities, identify factors that make these sites susceptible to invasion, and make appropriate restoration recommendations. To address these goals, three major studies structured my research. First, I tested two major paradigms of current exotic species ecology using observational data from 23 urban riparian buffers. The competition paradigm was borne out by negative relationships between exotic and native species richness (r = -0.66, p = 0.0009). I also detected shifts in species composition away from native woody species in sites that have been invaded by exotic species. As suggested by the resource availability paradigm, certain environmental conditions do seem to favor exotic species in this study system. While light availability was not significantly correlated to invasion of exotic species, several measures of soil fertility were negatively correlated to native species and positively correlated to exotic species. Therefore, efforts to reduce fertilization from adjacent and upstream landscapes should be part of any restoration plan. My second approach involved conducting an experimental removal study at the North Carolina Museum of Art. I compared the species composition and native species recovery in three treatments: control, initially removing all vegetation and allowing regeneration, and initial removal with repeated removal of new exotic recruits. While the repeated removal treatment featured a different species composition than eith.

Download or read book Woody Plant Proliferation in Desert Grasslands Perspectives from Roots and Ranchers written by Steven Richard Woods and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The widespread proliferation (or 'encroachment') of trees and shrubs in grasslands over the past 150 years is embedded in both natural and human systems. This dissertation addressed the following ecological and ethnoecological questions. Can seedling traits help us understand why so few woody species have encroached markedly into North American desert grasslands, and the conditions likely to promote their proliferation? What is the role of informal knowledge of the environment in efforts to manage woody plant abundance? Woody seedling survival often depends on rapid taproot elongation. In glasshouse experiments, initial water supply markedly affected taproot elongation in young seedlings. Response patterns may help explain recruitment patterns in Larrea tridentata, the principal evergreen woody encroacher in Sonoran and Chihuahuan Desert grasslands, and in Prosopis velutina and Prosopis glandulosa, the principal deciduous woody encroachers in Sonoran and Chihuahuan Desert grasslands, respectively. P. velutina and P. glandulosa showed greater sensitivity to water supply levels at the seedling stage than did the similar, related non-encroachers, Acacia greggii, Parkinsonia florida and Parkinsonia aculeata . This enabled the Prosopis species to overcome lower seed and seedling biomass to achieve similar taproot length to A. greggii and the Parkinsonia species. Consequently, population level advantages of lower seed mass, such as high seed numbers, may enhance encroachment potential in the Prosopis species without being negated by corresponding seedling survivorship disadvantages. I used semi-structured interviews to document informal rangeland monitoring by ranchers in southeast Arizona. Ranchers used qualitative methods to assess forage availability, rangeland trends and responses to woody plant suppression measures. Informal rangeland assessments informed ranchers' management decisions on sub-yearly, yearly and multi-year timescales. Informal monitoring appeared largely compatible with formal monitoring and natural science, and most ranchers integrated the two systems. Informal rangeland assessments can be valuable in planning woody plant suppression measures, particularly in light of the small number of formal long-term studies of brush suppression. Ecological studies may help predict places and periods of relatively rapid encroachment, perhaps enabling early or pre-emptive brush suppression measures. Thus, both seedling ecology and informal environmental knowledge are likely to be useful in managing woody plant populations in desert grasslands.

Download or read book Remnant Assessment and Soil Inoculation to Inform Large scale Prairie Restoration at Eastern Washington University written by Erik E. Peterson and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The Palouse Prairie of Eastern Washington and Western Idaho, characterized by rolling hills of deep loess soil, is one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, with more than 99% converted to tilled farmland. To mitigate this loss, Eastern Washington University has begun prairie restoration on a tilled wheat field adjacent to campus, in the northern extent of the Palouse Prairie Ecoregion. However, effective restoration requires understanding reference conditions, and there are relatively few studies of remnant prairie plant communities or soils, particularly in the Northern Palouse. From north to south in the Palouse Prairie Ecoregion, there are gradients in precipitation and temperature that affect plant communities. In addition, the Prairie is intersected by Channeled Scablands, which were formed when the ancient Missoula Floods washed away some of the loess hills, leaving exposed basalt. In deeper soil pockets, Channeled Scablands have plant communities overlapping with Palouse Prairie. In prairies, both the plants and the soil microbiome can play crucial structural roles in supporting the ecosystem. Successful restoration of degraded plant communities may rely on restoration of the original soil microbiome. Therefore, my goal was to identify and survey remnant prairie vascular plant communities in the region surrounding Eastern Washington University to understand how they vary from north to south and differ from Channeled Scabland, and to understand the role that intact prairie soils, with their complement of microbial species, can play in native plant growth. This resulted in a two-part thesis, with Chapter 1 documenting remnant plant communities, and Chapter 2 studying the effect of whole soil inoculation with native prairie soils on plant growth. To document how remnant prairie plant communities near EWU differ from sites in the iv southern Palouse and from Channeled scablands, I identified over 100 remnants from aerial imagery across Whitman and Spokane Counties, and conducted vegetation surveys at thirteen sites, including both Palouse Prairie and Channeled Scabland locations. Palouse Prairie and Channeled Scabland plant communities, while overlapping, had significant differences as indicated by PERMANOVA analysis. Palouse Prairie remnants had relative more native species, such as Symphoricarpos albus and Balsamorhiza sagittata, as indicators, while Channeled Scablands tended to have more invasive species, including invasive annual grasses such as Bromus tectorum and Poa bulbosa. There were also distinctive differences between northern and southern Palouse sites, with northern sites having more Pinus ponderosa and Geum triflorum while southern sites had more Ventenata dubia and Lomatium dissectum. Unlike when all sites were analyzed, Palouse site community composition was correlated with aspect and solar radiation. To determine the effect of the native prairie soil microbiome on native plant growth, I inoculated native and nonnative grass species with soil from native prairies and the restoration site in a greenhouse experiment. The three inoculum sources were Turnbull National Wildlife Refuge, the EWU restoration site, and Kamiak Butte. Plants were grown in unsterilized background soil collected from the EWU restoration site and sterile or unsterile soil inoculum. In general, inoculum source had no effect on either grass species but sterilization of inoculum resulted in increased growth of the native grass especially in soil collected from the EWU restoration. Invasive grass was unaffected by treatment. Results indicate possible nutrient limitation or altered soil microbiome at the EWU restoration site. Overall, my study results provide a better understanding of reference plant and soil communities for the EWU Prairie restoration site"--Pages iii- iv.

Download or read book Tropical Ecosystems Structure Functions and Challenges in the Face of Global Change written by Satish Chandra Garkoti and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-09-24 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book brings together research topics having a broad focus on human and climate change impacts on the terrestrial ecosystems in the tropics in general and more specifically from the most significant and vulnerable Himalayan ecosystem. A total of 16 contributions included in the book cover a diverse range of global change themes such as the impacts of changing temperature and precipitation on soil ecosystems, forest degradation, extent and impacts of invasive species, plant responses to pollution, climate change impacts on biodiversity and tree phenology, environmental changes associated with land use, importance of traditional knowledge in climate change adaptation, timberline ecosystems, and role of integrated landscape modeling for sustainable management of natural resources. The book is a collective endeavour of an international multidisciplinary group of scientists focused on improving our understanding of the impacts of global change on the structure and functioning of tropical ecosystems and addressing the challenges of their future sustainable management. We hope that the book will help researchers working in the areas of ecology and environmental science to update their knowledge. We also expect that natural resource managers and policy planners will find explanations for some of their observations and hypotheses on multiple global change factors impacting tropical ecosystems and especially Himalayan ecosystems.

Download or read book An International Borderland of Concern written by D. M. Leslie and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Biological Diversity Current Status and Conservation Policies written by Vinod Kumar and published by Agro Environ Media, Publication Cell of AESA, Agriculture and Environmental Science Academy,. This book was released on 2021-10-25 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present book has been designed to bind prime knowledge of climate change-induced impacts on various aspects of our environment and its biological diversity. The book also contains updated information, methods and tools for the monitoring and conservation of impacted biological diversity.

Download or read book To Spray Or Not to Spray written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Flora of California written by Willis Linn Jepson and published by . This book was released on 1912 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: