Download or read book Doctrine of Formal Logic Being a Translation of the First Section of the Subjunctive Logic written by Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel and published by Hardpress Publishing. This book was released on 2012-01 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Unlike some other reproductions of classic texts (1) We have not used OCR(Optical Character Recognition), as this leads to bad quality books with introduced typos. (2) In books where there are images such as portraits, maps, sketches etc We have endeavoured to keep the quality of these images, so they represent accurately the original artefact. Although occasionally there may be certain imperfections with these old texts, we feel they deserve to be made available for future generations to enjoy.
Download or read book Doctrine of Formal Logic Being a Translation of the First Section of the Subjunctive Logic written by Hegel Georg Wilhelm Friedrich and published by Legare Street Press. This book was released on 2023-07-18 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This classic work of philosophy offers a comprehensive analysis of formal logic, including its underlying principles and its practical applications. Hegel's clear and concise writing style makes this book accessible to both scholars and lay readers, while his penetrating insights into the nature of logic make it a must-read for anyone interested in the foundations of rational thought. This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Download or read book Doctrine of Formal Logic Being a Translation of the First Section of the Subjunctive Logic written by Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel and published by Palala Press. This book was released on 2016-04-22 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Download or read book Doctrine of Formal Logic Being a Translation of the First Section of the Subjunctive Logic Scholar s Choice Edition written by Hegel Georg Wilhelm Friedrich and published by Scholar's Choice. This book was released on 2015-02-19 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Download or read book Formal Logic a Scientific and Social Problem written by Ferdinand Canning Scott Schiller and published by . This book was released on 1912 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book An Introduction to Formal Logic written by Peter Smith and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2003-11-06 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Formal logic provides us with a powerful set of techniques for criticizing some arguments and showing others to be valid. These techniques are relevant to all of us with an interest in being skilful and accurate reasoners. In this highly accessible book, Peter Smith presents a guide to the fundamental aims and basic elements of formal logic. He introduces the reader to the languages of propositional and predicate logic, and then develops formal systems for evaluating arguments translated into these languages, concentrating on the easily comprehensible 'tree' method. His discussion is richly illustrated with worked examples and exercises. A distinctive feature is that, alongside the formal work, there is illuminating philosophical commentary. This book will make an ideal text for a first logic course, and will provide a firm basis for further work in formal and philosophical logic.
Download or read book Formal logic written by F.C. Schiller and published by Рипол Классик. This book was released on 1912 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Preface to Logic 1946 written by Morris R. Cohen and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-12-14 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Published in 1946, this volume does not purpose to be a treatise on logic. The author’s contributions to the substance of logical doctrine have been made in his other works. What he has attempted in the studies that form this volume is an exploration of the periphery of logic, the relation of logic to the rest of the universe, the philosophical presuppositions which give logic its meaning and the applications which give it importance. It is his belief that formal logic is the heart of philosophy, since the subject matter of logic is the formal aspect of all being. From this standpoint he explores the relation of logic to such fields of study as natural science, ethics, history and general philosophy.
Download or read book Logic Works written by Lorne Falkenstein and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-11-30 with total page 666 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Logic Works is a critical and extensive introduction to logic. It asks questions about why systems of logic are as they are, how they relate to ordinary language and ordinary reasoning, and what alternatives there might be to classical logical doctrines. The book covers classical first-order logic and alternatives, including intuitionistic, free, and many-valued logic. It also considers how logical analysis can be applied to carefully represent the reasoning employed in academic and scientific work, better understand that reasoning, and identify its hidden premises. Aiming to be as much a reference work and handbook for further, independent study as a course text, it covers more material than is typically covered in an introductory course. It also covers this material at greater length and in more depth with the purpose of making it accessible to those with no prior training in logic or formal systems. Online support material includes a detailed student solutions manual with a running commentary on all starred exercises, and a set of editable slide presentations for course lectures. Key Features Introduces an unusually broad range of topics, allowing instructors to craft courses to meet a range of various objectives Adopts a critical attitude to certain classical doctrines, exposing students to alternative ways to answer philosophical questions about logic Carefully considers the ways natural language both resists and lends itself to formalization Makes objectual semantics for quantified logic easy, with an incremental, rule-governed approach assisted by numerous simple exercises Makes important metatheoretical results accessible to introductory students through a discursive presentation of those results and by using simple case studies
Download or read book The Scope of Formal Logic written by Arthur Thomas Shearman and published by . This book was released on 1911 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Formal Logic written by F. C. S. Schiller and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2017-12-16 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from Formal Logic: A Scientific and Social Problem The present work, however, is only intended to achieve the former, and intrinsically the less important, of these aims. It is an attempt to expound the traditional doctrine strictly, in its dependence on its fundamental assumption, viz. That it is possible to study the formal frat/z of thought irrespective of its truth in point of fact, and to show that this fundamental abstraction everywhere leads to failure, failure both to account for the procedures of human thinking and failure to attain even formal consistency. Thus the various defects of the Formal doctrine are all derived from the falsity of the initial principle which defines the 'science.' I confess that to myself the discovery of the source of Logic's troubles came as a great relief. For, in common with most teachers of Formal Logic, I had found it a very difficult subject to teach without loss of self-respect. It so constantly seemed to be necessary to slur over the real difficulties to which the traditional doctrines conduct honest thinking, to palliate masses of inconsistency in what professes to be a logic of formal consistency, to refuse arbitrarily to pursue the problems raised, on the plea that they extended beyond the field of Logic into 'metaphysics' or 'psychology, ' and to draw the line between the 'logical' and the 'extra-logical in a wholly illogical manner. All logicians, I believe, have felt these difficulties more or less, and seen that nothing is easier than to attack and condemn Formal Logic with its own weapons. Indeed in the details of its criticisms this book will probably be found to present little that is wholly new. What alone may claim to be something of a novelty is the diagnosis of the malady which has paralysed Logic from the beginning, and rendered it so unsatisfactory a subject of instruction, and so impotent to guide the course of human thinking. It is not possible to abstract from the actual use of the logical material and to consider 'forms of thought in themselves, without incurring thereby a total loss, not only of truth but also of meaning. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Download or read book Outlines of Formal Logic written by John of St. Thomas and published by . This book was released on 1955 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Formal Logic written by Arthur N. Prior and published by Oxford, Clarendon. This book was released on 1962 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book was designed primarily as a textbook; though the author hopes that it will prove to be of interests to others beside logic students. Part I of this book covers the fundamentals of the subject the propositional calculus and the theory of quantification. Part II deals with the traditional formal logic and with the developments which have taken that as their starting-point. Part III deals with modal, three-valued, and extensional systems.
Download or read book Formal Logic written by P. Lorenzen and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 1965 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Logic", one of the central words in Western intellectual history, compre hends in its meaning such diverse things as the Aristotelian syllogistic, the scholastic art of disputation, the transcendental logic of the Kantian critique, the dialectical logic of Hegel, and the mathematical logic of the Principia Mathematica of Whitehead and Russell. The term "Formal Logic", following Kant is generally used to distinguish formal logical reasonings, precisely as formal, from the remaining universal truths based on reason. (Cf. SCHOLZ, 1931). A text-book example of a formal-logical inference which from "Some men are philosophers" and "All philosophers are wise" concludes that "Some men are wise" is called formal, because the validity of this inference depends only on the form ofthe given sentences -in particular it does not depend on the truth or falsity of these sentences. (On the dependence of logic on natural language, English, for example, compare Section 1 and 8). The form of a sentence like "Some men are philosophers", is that which remains preserved when the given predicates, here "men" and "philosophers" are replaced by arbitrary ones. The form itself can thus be represented by replacing the given predicates by variables. Variables are signs devoid of meaning, which may serve merely to indicate the place where meaningful constants (here the predicates) are to be inserted. As variables we shall use - as did Aristotle - letters, say P, Q and R, as variables for predicates.
Download or read book The Scope of Formal Logic written by A. T. Shearman and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2015-08-12 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present gives a brief exposition of the logical work of Frege, Peano, and Bertrand Russell. For by "Formal Logic" Mr. Shearman means here what has been variously designated by the names "symbolic logic," "mathematical logic," "algebra of logic," "symbol logic" (Mrs. Ladd-Franklin), "logistic" (Couturat). This kind of logic has not yet found its fitting name; but it is " making history." The purpose of "The Scope of Formal Logic" is to convince the reader of the importance of the work in this field, and, without presupposing any familiarity with the writings of Frege, Peano, Russell, to lead the uninitiated to these fountain-heads of modern logical thought. In the first chapter a number of important terms, such as "propositional function," "variable," etc., are elucidated. In the second chapter Frege's, Peano's, and Russell's symbols, or at least some of the more frequent among them, are explained by translating several propositions, some simple, some more complex, from their symbolic statements into English. This is continued in the third chapter which exhibits the methods of proof in " Formal Logic." Chapter IV. is devoted to a treatment, by means of these symbolic methods, of opposition, conversion, syllogism, etc., t. e., the usual subject-matter of ordinary logic. Chapter V. shows "(1) that arithmetical notions and processes may be replaced by logical notions and processes, (2) that geometrical notions and processes may be similarly replaced, and (3) that general logic ought. for scientific purposes, or to enable us to reach conclusions that have always been supported by common sense, to be regarded as lying at the basis of pure mathematics" (p. 130). The remaining two chapters are given over to a "philosophical treatment of number" and of "space." The author has given here more of his own thoughts, though he makes acknowledgement to Frege in the discussion of number, to Russell in that of space; he tries " to indicate in a concrete manner the fact that the treatment of number in the preceding chapters implicitly rests upon that conception of number which is here set forth" (p. 131) [and similarly in the next chapter with reference to the nature of space]. But the account is vague, and, as it stands, has little direct connection with "Formal Logic." It is a presentation of "views concerning number that are unfolded by philosophy" (p. 143) rather than a development of the subject by the methods expounded in the previous chapters. The "modern logician" will, no doubt, be greatly relieved to learn that his procedure is "in accordance with the dictates of philosophy," that his propositions " imply nothing at variance with the teaching that is unfolded by philosophy" (p. 150), that "the modern treatment of spatial problems... proceeds along the lines which philosophy sets forth as those which should be followed.ni But one would like to know what this mysterious and imperious "philosophy" is, and whence it gets an authority over the results of "logic." The reviewer misses in these chapters a clean separation of logical from psychological problems. Take, for example, such statements as the following: "Number is conceptual" because, amongst other reasons, "we are able to deal with numbers in propositions without being able either to perceive or to have a mental picture of any corresponding entities" (p. 132). "If a concept possesses these three attributes I shall, since no other species of mental entities or act of attention possesses them, take the three to constitute the definition of a concept. A concept, that is to say, is a mental entity or act of attention which (1) is such that we can ask concerning it if there exist corresponding objects, (2) is not necessarily accompanied by corresponding perceptual objects, and (3) may exist without the possibility of there being corresponding percepts or images" (p. 133, note).... -The Journal of Philosophy, Psychology and Scientific Methods [1912]
Download or read book Logic Epistemology and the Unity of Science written by Shahid Rahman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-03-15 with total page 618 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first volume in this new series explores, through extensive co-operation, new ways of achieving the integration of science in all its diversity. The book offers essays from important and influential philosophers in contemporary philosophy, discussing a range of topics from philosophy of science to epistemology, philosophy of logic and game theoretical approaches. It will be of interest to philosophers, computer scientists and all others interested in the scientific rationality.
Download or read book An Invitation to Formal Reasoning written by Fred Sommers and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-03-02 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An Invitation to Formal Reasoning introduces the discipline of formal logic by means of a powerful new system formulated by Fred Sommers. This system, term logic, is different in a number of ways from the standard system employed in modern logic; most striking is its greater simplicity and naturalness. Based on a radically different theory of logical syntax than the one Frege used when initiating modern mathematical logic in the 19th Century, term logic borrows insights from Aristotle's syllogistic, Scholastic logicians, Leibniz, and the 19th century British algebraists. Term logic takes its syntax directly from natural language, construing statements as combinations of pairs of terms, where complex terms are taken to have the same syntax as statements. Whereas standard logic requires extensive 'translation' from natural language to symbolic language, term logic requires only 'transcription' into the symbolic language. Its naturalness is the result of its ability to stay close to the forms of sentences usually found in every day discourse. Written by the founders of the term logic approach, An Invitation to Formal Reasoning is a unique introduction and exploration of this new system, offering numerous exercises and examples throughout the text. Summarising the standard system of mathematical logic to set term logic in context, and showing how the two systems compare, this book presents an alternative approach to standard modern logic for those studying formal logic, philosophy of language or computer theory. Fred Sommers is Professor Emeritus, Brandeis University, USA; George Englebretsen is Professor of Philosophy, Bishop's University, Canada.
