Download or read book Do Physical Activity Sedentary Behaviors and Nutrition Affect Healthy Weight in Middle School Students in an Appalachian Community Children s Health Opportunities Involving Coordinated Efforts in Schools choices Project written by Kibum Cho and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Creating Equal Opportunities for a Healthy Weight written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-12-25 with total page 133 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Creating Equal Opportunities for a Healthy Weight is the summary of a workshop convened by the Institute of Medicine's Standing Committee on Childhood Obesity Prevention in June 2013 to examine income, race, and ethnicity, and how these factors intersect with childhood obesity and its prevention. Registered participants, along with viewers of a simultaneous webcast of the workshop, heard a series of presentations by researchers, policy makers, advocates, and other stakeholders focused on health disparities associated with income, race, ethnicity, and other characteristics and on how these factors intersect with obesity and its prevention. The workshop featured invited presentations and discussions concerning physical activity, healthy food access, food marketing and messaging, and the roles of employers, health care professionals, and schools. The IOM 2012 report Accelerating Progress in Obesity Prevention acknowledged that a variety of characteristics linked historically to social exclusion or discrimination, including race, ethnicity, religion, socioeconomic status, gender, age, mental health, disability, sexual orientation or gender identity, geographic location, and immigrant status, can thereby affect opportunities for physical activity, healthy eating, health care, work, and education. In many parts of the United States, certain racial and ethnic groups and low-income individuals and families live, learn, work, and play in places that lack health-promoting resources such as parks, recreational facilities, high-quality grocery stores, and walkable streets. These same neighborhoods may have characteristics such as heavy traffic or other unsafe conditions that discourage people from walking or being physically active outdoors. The combination of unhealthy social and environmental risk factors, including limited access to healthy foods and opportunities for physical activity, can contribute to increased levels of chronic stress among community members, which have been linked to increased levels of sedentary activity and increased calorie consumption. Creating Equal Opportunities for a Healthy Weight focuses on the key obesity prevention goals and recommendations outlined in Accelerating Progress in Obesity Prevention through the lens of health equity. This report explores critical aspects of obesity prevention, while discussing potential future research, policy, and action that could lead to equity in opportunities to achieve a healthy weight.
Download or read book The Relationships Between Food Security Status Dietary Patterns and Overweight in Appalachian Adolescents written by Carolyn Wait and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Rates of childhood overweight and obesity continue to be high, particularly among rural Appalachian children and adolescents. Specific information about current eating behaviors and their relationship to possible economic barriers is necessary to develop interventions and educational programs that will effectively reduce rates of overweight and improve the health of Appalachian children and adolescents. This study aims to elucidate the interrelationships between food security, dietary patterns and overweight among Appalachian adolescents. Students in the ninth grade at participating southeastern Ohio high schools were recruited for this study. Students and their parents or primary caregivers completed surveys and participated in focus groups. All surveys asked for demographic information as well as weight and height, which were used to calculate weight status. Student surveys included the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study Food Frequency Questionnaire and the physical activity questions from the 2003-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Study. Parent surveys included the U.S. Household Food Security Survey Module Short Form, used to assess food security status, in addition to questions on income and educational attainment. Separate focus groups for students and parents were conducted to probe participants for their perceptions of healthy weight, healthy diet and barriers to health. Data was collected from eight student-caregiver pairs at three Appalachian Ohio high schools. Overweight and obesity were found to be widespread among both adolescents and adults, although food insecurity was not prevalent in this sample. Overweight in adolescents does not appear to be linked to household food insecurity. Fast food, snack and sugar-sweetened beverage consumption were high among adolescents, while fruit and vegetable consumption was low. In focus groups, lack of time, desire and ability to prepare healthy meals along with the greater availability of unhealthy foods were cited as barriers to consuming a more nutritious diet. Further research is needed to elaborate on these relationships and determine the most promising areas for intervention.
Download or read book To Weigh and Measure written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Surgeon General s Vision for a Healthy and Fit Nation 2010 written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the 2001 Surgeon General's Call to Action to Prevent and Decrease Overweight and Obesity, former Surgeon General David Satcher, MD, PhD, warned of the negative effects of the increasing weight of American citizens and outlined a public health response to reverse the trend. The Surgeon General plans to strengthen and expand this blueprint for action created by her predecessor. Although the country has made some strides since 2001, the prevalence of obesity, obesity-related diseases, and premature death remains too high.
Download or read book School Health Index for Physical Activity and Healthy Eating written by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This tool can help a school to assess its physical activity and nutrition policies and programs based on national standards and guidelines.
Download or read book Cultural Perceptions of a Healthy Diet and Healthy Weight Among Rural Appalachian Youth written by Kelli J. Williams and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Youth in rural Appalachia are at a disproportionately greater risk for obesity and related health complications than the general population. Inadequate physical activity and poor dietary habits are two primary causes of obesity in West Virginia adolescents. To design and implement regional nutrition interventions combating overweight, adolescent perceptions of a healthy diet and healthy weight needed to be identified in rural Appalachia. Adolescents were recruited in four West Virginia schools from ninth grade health and physical education classes. Sixteen rural Appalachian adolescents, ranging in age from 14-18 years participated in the study. Focus group interviews were conducted with West Virginia adolescents and their caregivers. Grounded theory was used to develop questions addressing specific domains of interest. Verbatim transcripts were analyzed to assess cultural perceptions of a healthy diet and healthy weight. Participants defined healthy diets through statements relating to federal and professional dietary recommendations, including an increased intake of vegetables and fruits while consuming diets low in fat. Specific foods were commonly described to be either healthy or unhealthy. Vegetables and fruits were cited most often as healthy foods, while snack foods, soda, chips, and pizza were not considered to be part of a healthy diet. Portion control and eating three meals daily were also discussed as healthy diet components. Knowledge was often attributed to teachings in health classes, through the media, and from family members with chronic diseases. However, knowledge of and adherence to popular fad diets contradicted some of these perceptions, and a number of students reported never considering whether or not foods were healthy prior to consumption. Additionally, many teens had unrealistic and unhealthy perceptions of weight. Female participants were more concerned with weight than males, but both expressed a social stigma associated with overweight. Many perceptions of healthy weight and appropriate body size were shaped by the media and entertainment industry. Additionally, some participants admitted to performing unsafe practices to reduce body mass, such as very low calorie diets or fasting. Identifying perceptions will provide valuable formative data to develop targeted nutrition education and health promotion programming.
Download or read book Preventing Childhood Obesity written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2005-01-31 with total page 435 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Children's health has made tremendous strides over the past century. In general, life expectancy has increased by more than thirty years since 1900 and much of this improvement is due to the reduction of infant and early childhood mortality. Given this trajectory toward a healthier childhood, we begin the 21st-century with a shocking developmentâ€"an epidemic of obesity in children and youth. The increased number of obese children throughout the U.S. during the past 25 years has led policymakers to rank it as one of the most critical public health threats of the 21st-century. Preventing Childhood Obesity provides a broad-based examination of the nature, extent, and consequences of obesity in U.S. children and youth, including the social, environmental, medical, and dietary factors responsible for its increased prevalence. The book also offers a prevention-oriented action plan that identifies the most promising array of short-term and longer-term interventions, as well as recommendations for the roles and responsibilities of numerous stakeholders in various sectors of society to reduce its future occurrence. Preventing Childhood Obesity explores the underlying causes of this serious health problem and the actions needed to initiate, support, and sustain the societal and lifestyle changes that can reverse the trend among our children and youth.
Download or read book Evaluation of the T O D A Y Project written by Felice Christina Chavez and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Overweight and obesity are serious health concerns that impact the health of individuals at many levels. Families and communities are also impacted by the overweight and obesity epidemic. Current estimates of children who are overweight in the United States are 17% of children ages 6 to 11 and 17.6% of children ages 12 to 19. Although overweight and obesity rates are high among the general population; rates are even higher among minority and low-income populations. Schools have been researched for their effectiveness in reducing overweight and obesity prevalence; along with increasing behaviors such as healthier nutrition and physical activity and knowledge. However, few studies exist that examine the impact of school-based interventions on primarily low-income, minority populations. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of TODAY (Transforming Obesity and Diabetes Awareness in Youth), a school-based intervention with the goal of preventing obesity and diabetes in the fifth grade population at two low-income, primarily Hispanic/Latino elementary schools in Escondido, California. The study examined nutrition, physical activity and health knowledge variables. A sample of 123 children, all 5th grade students who attended either Felicita or Lincoln elementary schools were recruited to participate in the project. The changes in nutrition and physical activity variables were measured by questions adapted from the School Physical Activity and Nutrition Questionnaire (SPAN) created by Coordinated Approach to Child Health (CATCH). The knowledge variable was measured by questions based on the health curriculum that pertained to nutrition and physical activity. It was hypothesized that children who participated in the project would demonstrate increases in healthy nutrition behavior such as fruit and vegetable consumption and decrease soft-drink consumption; demonstrate increase in physical activity behavior and decrease sedentary behavior of screen time; lastly the students would increase knowledge of nutrition and physical activity concepts taught in the intervention. Statistical analyses included Wilcoxon rank sum test and Wilcoxon signed rank test. Results from the pre/post test indicated that the children who participated in the TODAY Project, increased fruit and vegetable consumption, physical activity and health knowledge. Findings of this research are consistent with previously published articles on school-based interventions. However, unlike previous research this study was unable to demonstrate significant decreases in soda consumption and sedentary behavior. Understanding the impact of the school on the health of its students will allow for effective school based interventions that are capable of curving the overweight and obesity epidemic, especially among the most at-risk populations.
Download or read book The Effects of a Nutrition Education and Physical Activity Intervention on Metabolic Syndrome on At risk Youth in an Appalachian Community written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Predictors of Behaviors Related to Obesity Using the Theory of Planned Behavior in Seventh and Eighth Grade Students written by Melinda J. Ickes and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Background: Of children and teenagers aged 6-19, 16% (almost 9 million) were obese (i.e. Body Mass Index at or above the 95th percentile for children of the same age and sex) and this number has continued to increase. Increased understanding of proper nutrition and the need for physical activity among adolescents will likely prevent health problems associated with overweight and obesity, and improve quality of life into adulthood. In particular, when considering determinants of obesity responsive to change, a focus on modifiable, prevalent, and relevant behaviors among adolescents should be taken. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the extent to which constructs of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) (behavioral intent, attitudes, social norms, and perceived behavioral control) predicted four behaviors linked to childhood obesity in middle school children: daily physical activity, sedentary behaviors, fruit and vegetable intake, and water versus sweetened beverages consumption. In addition, a valid and reliable instrument which adequately reified the constructs of the TPB in relation to the aforementioned behaviors was developed. Methods: A cross-sectional design was implemented to obtain a convenience sample of 318 middle school students. Prior to the administration of the instrument to the entire student population, factor analysis and reliability estimates were conducted with a sub-group of students. The 129-item instrument was administered during health, physical education, and art classes. Multiple regression and structural equation modeling were used to establish the predictors for each behavior. Results: Almost 25 % of the students were considered overweight or obese. Students did not meet the recommended five servings of fruit and vegetables per day (M = 3.67); participated in more than the 1-2 hours recommended screen time (M = 187.42 minutes); and had an increased risk of obesity with their sweetened beverage consumption (M = 1.59 glasses) per day. The mean behavioral intention scores for the behaviors were as follows: screen time behaviors (M = 12.31, SD = 5.42); physical activity (M = 12.84, SD = 7.18); fruit and vegetable consumption (M = 12.18, SD = 5.74); sweetened beverages versus water consumption (M = 12.42, SD = 6.07) - denoting a moderate intent to participate in the behavior. Regression results showed that behavioral intention was predictive for screen time among overweight and obese students, participation in physical activity among all students, consumption of fruits and vegetables among overweight and obese students, and consumption of water versus sweetened beverages in normal weight students (p
Download or read book Child Family and Community Factors Associated with Obesity Physical Activity and Healthy Eating in Children and Youth with Special Health Care Needs written by Katie McSloy and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Background: Approximately 14% of children and youth in the US are children and youth with special health care needs (CYSHCN). CYSHCN have decreased physical activity and increased sedentary behaviors compared to typically developing children. CYSHCN often have difficulty eating. This project aims to describe CYSHCN on physical activity, eating habits, and weight status; identify factors associated with these behaviors and conditions; identify community resources families need or use to promote health behaviors; make recommendations to improve health behaviors in CYSHCN. Methods: A convenience sample of parent-child dyads (n=23) was recruited from a clinic for CYSHCN. Most children were boys (74%), mean age 9.8 years (SD=4.7). The most prevalent diagnoses were autism (30%), cerebral palsy (CP) (13%) and asthma (9%). Diagnoses were categorized as either cognitive/behavioral/emotional or medical/physical. Interviews were conducted with parents and children to obtain information on physical activity levels, eating habits and community resources. Parents were asked about facilitators and barriers to physical activity and healthy eating in closed-ended and open-ended questions. Child health status measures, most notably, body mass index (BMI) age-for-sex percentiles were recorded. Results: Most boys (63%) and girls (64%) in this study were obese. CYSHCN achieve 60 minutes of physical activity on an average of 4.68 (SD=1.94) days/week and participate in screen time for an average of 4.90 (SD=1.41) hours each weekday. CYSHCN in this study did not meet dietary recommendations for daily fruit and vegetable consumption. Children with cognitive/behavioral/emotional diagnoses were more likely to be obese than children with medical/physical diagnoses. Many parents identified needing more accessible playgrounds, after school programs, and healthier food stores to promote healthy behaviors. Conclusion: CYSHCN in this study were more obese and engaged in fewer health promoting behaviors than typically developing children. Co-morbidities associated with overweight and obesity may have more severe health consequences when combined with the child's primary medical condition. Policy makers should work toward more inclusive and comprehensive physical activity and nutrition national guidelines for CYSHCN. Health promoting community resources should be universally accessible to all children. Future research is indicated to understand the association between obesity and children with cognitive/behavioral/emotional diagnoses.
Download or read book Physical Activity Sedentary and Dietary Behaviors Related to Overweight obesity Among Adolescents Involved in a Creative Problem solving Program written by Jill Maples and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Background: Productive sedentary-to-light activity pursuits may enhance the relationship between positive health behaviors, like physical activity and sufficient fruit and vegetable intake, and weight status. The purpose of this study is to examine whether participation in a creative, problem-solving program is related to overweight/obesity, other sedentary pursuits, physical activity, and diet. Methods: This study describes select health behaviors that are believed to be related to body weight status for 1,679 adolescents in grades 6-12 participating in the 2008 Destination Imagination (DI) Global Finals. Dietary, physical activity (PA), and sedentary behavior data was collected via self-reported survey based on the 2007 Youth Risk Behavior Survey. Measured height and weight data were collected to calculate BMI percentile. Using multinomial regression, models were constructed to predict the likelihood of being overweight/obesity compared to normal weight. Results: The prevalence of overweight in the study population was 15.6% and obese was 11.4%. Fruit/vegetable intake, milk consumption, moderate/vigorous PA, television time, and total screen time (ST) were all independently associated with weight status. After controlling for all covariates, male gender, minority racial/ethnic status, and high ST while not meeting the PA recommendation significantly increased the likelihood of overweight/obesity. DI exposure does not appear to be independently associated with, nor influence the relationship between, the above variables and the risk of overweight/obesity. Conclusion: The participants in the current study are leaner and engage in healthier behaviors compared to national data for adolescents. Even among these low risk adolescents, the interaction between sedentary and physical activity behavior, presented as an interactive measure, was strongly associated with weight status.
Download or read book Creating Equal Opportunities for a Healthy Weight written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book An Evaluation of the Healthy Eating Active Living HEAL Alabama Program for Prevention of Childhood Obesity Among Fifth Grade Students written by Kelley Devane Hart and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Childhood obesity is a major public health concern. The multiple effects of obesity in childhood are long-reaching. Since weight loss and maintenance are very difficult, prevention of obesity is important. Schools have been identified as an important environment for obesity prevention interventions since most children spend a large portion of the day at school. The purpose of this secondary data analysis was to determine if the Healthy Eating Active Living (HEAL) Alabama intervention improved weight status, fitness levels, and health knowledge and behaviors. A 2-by-2 repeated measures ANOVA was performed to determine whether differences exist between intervention and comparison students at pretest and posttest. Measures that were explored included BMI Z-scores, Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run (PACER) scores, nutrition knowledge and behavior scores, and physical activity knowledge and behavior scores. Significant advances were observed among intervention students in contrast to comparison students from pretest to posttest for physical fitness (as measured by the PACER), and nutrition and physical activity knowledge. No significant improvements were found for weight status, nutrition behavior, or physical activity behavior. A high prevalence of obesity was observed at pretest. It may be difficult for a primary obesity prevention program to be successful among fifth grade students with such high prevalence rates. A greater effect may be found when intervening with younger children. While schools alone cannot turn the tide on childhood obesity, it is unlikely that improvements can be made without the involvement of schools and programs such as HEAL.
Download or read book What s Right for Kids II written by Jill Camber Davidson and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Physical Activity Nutrition Technology Ethnicity and the Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity of Low Socioeconomic 8th Grade Middle School Students in Sacramento CA written by Alyssa N. Tadena and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The prevalence of adolescent overweight and obesity is a major public health concern in the United States. Adolescent populations of low socioeconomic status (LSES) have a higher relationship of becoming obese. Obesity is linked to a lack of physical activity (PA) and poor nutrition. It has also been indicated that technology usage has been suspect to sedentary behavior and weight gain. This study examined the prevalence of OW and OB among ethnicity, PA, nutrition, and technology usage in comparison to health status of LSES 8th grade adolescents attending a charter middle school in Sacramento, CA. A sample of 141 LSES 8th grade adolescents attending a charter middle school in Sacramento, CA was assessed. The School Physical Activity and Nutrition Survey was used in order to analyze the self-reported values of ethnicity, PA, nutrition, and technology usage in comparison to health status using BMI classifications. The gth grade population had a prevalence of OB and OW 50% or more. Each ethnic population rates of OB and OW were high, approximately 50%. All students self-reported high amounts of PA, even the OB and OW students. However, 50% or more of OB and OW students were aware of the recommended amounts of PA. Self-reported values of low vegetable intake (0-2 servings per day) was contradictive to the availability of fresh vegetables in the home. High frequency of water (0-4 servings a day) and soda (0-2 servings a day) was reported among all students. Overall, 25% of OB and OW students reported using technology four hours or more a day. Presented data confirms the high rate of OB and OW among LSES gth grade students enrolled in a charter school in Sacramento, CA. However, overreporting of PA may have occurred which could have led to the prevalence of high values amongst all students. Future research, should consider different strategies to avoid any bias such as the use of activity trackers and mobile diet logs. It is also suggested that due to mobile devices becoming more of a necessity, it would be appropriate to measure the amount of time spent using cell phones in relationship to OB and OW. It is also important to acknowledge gender among adolescents due to possible differences in social desirability.
