Download or read book DNA Methylation in Plants written by B. F. Vani︠u︡shin and published by Nova Science Publishers. This book was released on 2008 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A high degree of nuclear DNA (nDNA) methylation is a specific feature of plant genomes, they do contain 5-methylcytosine (m5C) and N6-methyladenine (m6A). More than 30% m5C is located in CNG sequences. Specific changes in DNA methylation accompany the entire life of a plant starting from seed germination up to the death programmed or induced by various agents and factors of biological or abiotic nature. Modulation of DNA methylation is one of the possible modes of the hormonal action in plant. DNA methylation in plants is species-, tissue-, organelle- and age-specific; it is involved in the control of all genetic functions including transcription, replication, DNA repair, gene transposition and cell differentiation. DNA methylation is engaged in gene silencing and parental imprinting, it controls transgenes and foreign DNA. Plants have much more complicated and sophisticated system of the multi-component and sometimes even conjugated genome (nuclear DNA) methylations compared with animals; besides, unlike animals, they have the plastids with their own unique DNA modification system that may control plastid differentiation and functioning; DNA methylation in plant mitochondria is performed in other fashion compared with it in nuclei. The nuclear DNA methylation system is controlled by three major families of cytosine DNA-methyltransferase genes, at least. In contrast to animals the inactivation of major maintenance methyltransferase MET1 (similar to animal Dnmt1) has no significant consequences for plant survival. Other plant cytosine DNA-methyltransferases have no analogs in animals. Some of them (DRM) are responsible for de novo DNA methylation including asymmetric sequences. Plant gene may be methylated at both adenine and cytosine residues; specific adenine DNA-methyltransferase was described. Adenine DNA methylation may influence cytosine modification and vice versa. Anyway, two different systems of the genome modification based on methylation of adenines and cytosines coexist in higher plants. The specific endonucleases discriminating between methylated and unmethylated DNA are present in plants. Thus, plants may have restriction-modification system. There are peculiar complicated controls for growth and development by DNA methylations in plants; they are well co-ordinated with other epigenetic signals modulating chromatin organisation.
Download or read book DNA Methylation in Plants Associated With Abiotic Stress written by Markus Kuhlmann and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-12-21 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Plant Gene Silencing written by M.A. Matzke and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an up-to-date and comprehensive collection of reviews on various aspects of epigenetic gene silencing in plants. Research on this topic has undergone explosive growth during the past decade and has revealed novel features of gene regulation and plant defense responses that also apply to animals and fungi. Gene silencing is relevant for agricultural biotechnology because stable expression of transgenes is required for the successful commercialization of genetically engineered crops. The reviews have been written by distinguished authors who have made significant contributions to plant gene silencing research. This volume supersedes other books on gene silencing by focussing on plant systems, where many pioneering experiments have been performed, and by including the latest developments from top laboratories. The book is geared toward advanced students of genetics and plant sciences as well as applied and basic research scientists who work with transgenic organisms and epigenetic regulation of gene expression.
Download or read book DNA Methylation written by Manel Esteller and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2004-09-29 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: DNA Methylation: Approaches, Methods and Applications describes the relation DNA methylation has to gene silencing in disease, and explores its promising role in treating cancer. Written by leaders in the field, this exceptional compilation of articles outlines the best techniques to use when addressing questions concerning the cytosine methylation
Download or read book Plant Epigenetics written by Nikolaus Rajewsky and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-04-27 with total page 540 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents, in 26 chapters, the status quo in epigenomic profiling. It discusses how functional information can be indirectly inferred and describes the new approaches that promise functional answers, collectively referred to as epigenome editing. It highlights the latest important advances in our understanding of the functions of plant epigenomics and new technologies for the study of epigenomic marks and mechanisms in plants. Topics include the deposition or removal of chromatin modifications and histone variants, the role of epigenetics in development and response to environmental signals, natural variation and ecology, as well as applications for epigenetics in crop improvement. Discussing areas ranging from the complex regulation of stress and heterosis to the precise mechanisms of DNA and histone modifications, it presents breakthroughs in our understanding of complex phenotypic phenomena.
Download or read book The Extent and Importance of DNA Methylation in Plants written by Alice Yuniaty and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Molecular Biology of DNA Methylation written by Roger L.P. Adams and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the past few decades we have witnessed an era of remarkable growth in the field of molecular biology. In 1950 very little was known of the chemical constitution of biological systems, the manner in which in formation was transmitted from one organism to another, or the extent to which the chemical basis of life is unified. The picture today is dramati cally different. We have an almost bewildering variety of information detailing many different aspects of life at the molecular level. These great advances have brought with them some breath-taking insights into the molecular mechanisms used by nature for replicating, distributing and modifying biological information. We have learned a great deal about the chemical and physical nature of the macromolecular nucleic acids and proteins, and the manner in which carbohydrates, lipids and smaller mole cules work together to provide the molecular setting of living systems. It might be said that these few decades have replaced a near vacuum of information with a very large surplus. It is in the context of this flood of information that this series of mono graphs on molecular biology has been organized. The idea is to bring together in one place, between the covers of one book, a concise assess ment of the state of the subject in a well-defined field.
Download or read book Epigenetics in Plants of Agronomic Importance Fundamentals and Applications written by Raúl Alvarez-Venegas and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-07-22 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past decades, chromatin remodelling has emerged as an important regulator of gene expression and plant defense. This book provides a detailed understanding of the epigenetic mechanisms involved in plants of agronomic importance. The information presented here is significant because it is expected to provide the knowledge needed to develop in the future treatments to manipulate and selectively activate/inhibit proteins and metabolic pathways to counter pathogens, to treat important diseases and to increase crop productivity. New approaches of this kind and the development of new technologies will certainly increase our knowledge of currently known post-translational modifications and facilitate the understanding of their roles in, for example, host-pathogen interactions and crop productivity. Furthermore, we provide important insight on how the plant epigenome changes in response to developmental or environmental stimuli, how chromatin modifications are established and maintained, to which degree they are used throughout the genome, and how chromatin modifications influence each another.
Download or read book Progress in DNA Methylation Research written by Hans P. Neumann and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 2007 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: DNA methylation is a type of chemical modification of DNA that can be inherited without changing the DNA sequence. It involves the addition of a methyl group to DNA - for example, to the number 5 carbon of the cytosine pyrimidine ring. DNA methylation is probably universal in eukaryotes. This book presents research developments in the field.
Download or read book Dissecting the Molecular Basis and Function of Non CG Methylation in Plants written by Sarah Marie Leichter and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Every cell of a eukaryotic organism contains the same set of genetic information. However, each cell expresses a specific subset of its genes simultaneously. One mechanism for this gene expression regulation is epigenetic modifications, reversible modifications to the genome that affect expression patterns. One major epigenetic modification is DNA methylation, which is the addition of a methyl group to the nucleotide cytosine. In plants, DNA methylation is found in three contexts: CG, CHG, and CHH (H= A, T, C). Non-CG methylation is present at low levels in mammalian genomes, making widespread non-CG methylation unique to plant genomes. Therefore, investigating the enzymes that catalyze non-CG methylation is imperative to understand how DNA methylation is established and maintained. My thesis research has focused on dissecting the molecular basis and function of non-CG methylation in plants. My first project focused on the molecular basis for CHH substrates by the de novo DNA methyltransferase within Arabidopsis, DRM2. Through structural and functional investigation, we uncover that DRM2 employs a novel substrate deformation mechanism, allowing DRM2 to have high activity on the diverse CHH substrates. We also find that the substrate preference of DRM2 can be engineered through a single point mutation in the catalytic domain, C397R, switching the preference of the enzyme from CHH to CHG substrates. The second project focused on understanding the molecular basis for the maintenance of CHG methylation by the plant-specific methyltransferase CMT3. We identify that in addition to H3K9me2, CMT3 requires H3K18 and interactions with other residues on the histone tail for allosteric activation. CMT3 employs a similar substrate deformation for specificity for CHG substrates. My third project focuses on the basis plant-specific methyltransferase CMT2 has on CHH substrates and identifies its capability to be engineered to a different substrate preference. A V1200R mutation to CMT2 enables very high activity on both CHG and CHH substrates, empowering a "two birds, one stone" type of activity. Collectively, the findings of my projects give insight into the specificities of the non-CG DNA methyltransferases within the Arabidopsis genome and how DNA methylation has been adapted to the plant genome.
Download or read book Climate Change and Crop Stress written by Arun K.Shanker and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-11-19 with total page 601 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climate Change and Crop Stress: Molecules to Ecosystems expounds on the transitional period where science has progressed to ‘post-genomics’ and the gene editing era, putting field performance of crops to the forefront and challenging the production of practical applicability vs. theoretical possibility. Researchers have concentrated efforts on the effects of environmental stress conditions such as drought, heat, salinity, cold, or pathogen infection which can have a devastating impact on plant growth and yield. Designed to deliver information to combat stress both in isolation and through simultaneous crop stresses, this edited compilation provides a comprehensive view on the challenges and impacts of simultaneous stresses. Presents a multidisciplinary view of crop stresses, empowering readers to quickly align their individual experience and perspective with the broader context Combines the mechanistic aspects of stresses with the strategic aspects Presents both abiotic and biotic stresses in a single volume
Download or read book Epigenetics in Plants of Agronomic Importance Fundamentals and Applications written by Raúl Alvarez-Venegas and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-04-26 with total page 415 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past few decades, chromatin modulation has emerged as an important regulator of gene expression. This second edition provides detailed information on the epigenetic mechanisms in plants, illustrating the value of this research in plants of agronomic importance. It examines recent advances regarding plants’ epigenetic regulation in response to abiotic and biotic types of stress; the epigenetic basis of plant immunity; evolution and functions of plant histones; epigenetic variation and plant breeding; and epigenome editing and crop improvement. The content is intended to promote the development of future biotechnologies to manipulate and selectively activate/inhibit proteins and metabolic pathways to counter pathogens, to treat important diseases, and to increase crop productivity. The development of new fields, like epigenome editing and RNA epigenetics, will certainly improve our understanding of currently known epigenetic modifications and their roles in e.g. host-pathogen interactions, crop productivity, and in response to environmental stimuli. This volume contains twelve new/revised chapters, written by an international team of experts on plant epigenetics, and addresses the needs of researchers and professionals in the fields of agronomics, crop breeding, epigenetics, plant biochemistry, plant developmental biology, and related disciplines.
Download or read book DNA Methyltransferases Role and Function written by Albert Jeltsch and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-11-08 with total page 537 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: DNA methyltransferases are important enzymes in a broad range of organisms. Dysfunction of DNA methyltransferases in humans leads to many severe diseases, including cancer. This book focuses on the biochemical properties of these enzymes, describing their structures and mechanisms in bacteria, humans and other species, including plants, and also explains the biological processes of reading of DNA methylation and DNA demethylation. It covers many emerging aspects of the biological roles of DNA methylation functioning as an essential epigenetic mark and describes the role of DNA methylation in diseases. Moreover, the book explains modern technologies, like targeted rewriting of DNA methylation by designed DNA methyltransferases, as well as technological applications of DNA methyltransferases in DNA labelling. Finally, the book summarizes recent methods for the analysis of DNA methylation in human DNA. Overall, this book represents a comprehensive state-of-the-art- work and is a must-have for advanced researchers in the field of DNA methylation and epigenetics.
Download or read book Biochemical Mechanisms of RNA dependent DNA Methylation in Plants written by Jasleen Singh and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 612 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Environmental Epigenetics written by L. Joseph Su and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-05-18 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the toxicological and health implications of environmental epigenetics and provides knowledge through an interdisciplinary approach. Included in this volume are chapters outlining various environmental risk factors such as phthalates and dietary components, life states such as pregnancy and ageing, hormonal and metabolic considerations and specific disease risks such as cancer cardiovascular diseases and other non-communicable diseases. Environmental Epigenetics imparts integrative knowledge of the science of epigenetics and the issues raised in environmental epidemiology. This book is intended to serve both as a reference compendium on environmental epigenetics for scientists in academia, industry and laboratories and as a textbook for graduate level environmental health courses. Environmental Epigenetics imparts integrative knowledge of the science of epigenetics and the issues raised in environmental epidemiology. This book is intended to serve both as a reference compendium on environmental epigenetics for scientists in academia, industry and laboratories and as a textbook for graduate level environmental health courses.
Download or read book Chromatin Epigenetics and Plant Physiology written by Jiří Fajkus and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-01-20 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This eBook focuses on current progress in understanding the role of chromatin structure, its modifications and remodeling in developmental and physiological processes. Eukaryotic genomes are packed into the supramolecular nucleoprotein structure of chromatin. Therefore, our understanding of processes such as DNA replication and repair, transcription, and cell differentiation requires an understanding of the structure and function of chromatin. While the nucleotide sequence of the DNA component of chromatin constitutes the genetic material of the cell, the other chromatin components (and also modifications of bases in the DNA itself) participate in so-called epigenetic processes. These processes are essential, e.g., in ontogenesis or adaptation to environmental changes. Therefore, epigenetics is particularly important (and elaborated) in plants that show a high developmental plasticity and, as sessile organisms, display an enormous capacity to cope with environmental stress. In these processes, epigenetic mechanisms show a crosstalk with plant signaling pathways mediated by phytohormones and redox components. You are welcome to read examples of current research and review articles in this hot research topic.
Download or read book Dissecting the Molecular Basis and Function of Non CG Methylation in Plants written by Sarah Marie Leichter and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Every cell of a eukaryotic organism contains the same set of genetic information. However, each cell expresses a specific subset of its genes simultaneously. One mechanism for this gene expression regulation is epigenetic modifications, reversible modifications to the genome that affect expression patterns. One major epigenetic modification is DNA methylation, which is the addition of a methyl group to the nucleotide cytosine. In plants, DNA methylation is found in three contexts: CG, CHG, and CHH (H= A, T, C). Non-CG methylation is present at low levels in mammalian genomes, making widespread non-CG methylation unique to plant genomes. Therefore, investigating the enzymes that catalyze non-CG methylation is imperative to understand how DNA methylation is established and maintained. My thesis research has focused on dissecting the molecular basis and function of non-CG methylation in plants. My first project focused on the molecular basis for CHH substrates by the de novo DNA methyltransferase within Arabidopsis, DRM2. Through structural and functional investigation, we uncover that DRM2 employs a novel substrate deformation mechanism, allowing DRM2 to have high activity on the diverse CHH substrates. We also find that the substrate preference of DRM2 can be engineered through a single point mutation in the catalytic domain, C397R, switching the preference of the enzyme from CHH to CHG substrates. The second project focused on understanding the molecular basis for the maintenance of CHG methylation by the plant-specific methyltransferase CMT3. We identify that in addition to H3K9me2, CMT3 requires H3K18 and interactions with other residues on the histone tail for allosteric activation. CMT3 employs a similar substrate deformation for specificity for CHG substrates. My third project focuses on the basis plant-specific methyltransferase CMT2 has on CHH substrates and identifies its capability to be engineered to a different substrate preference. A V1200R mutation to CMT2 enables very high activity on both CHG and CHH substrates, empowering a "two birds, one stone" type of activity. Collectively, the findings of my projects give insight into the specificities of the non-CG DNA methyltransferases within the Arabidopsis genome and how DNA methylation has been adapted to the plant genome.
