Download or read book DNA and Chromatin Damage Caused by Radiation written by John T. Lett and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Radiation Biology, Volume 17: DNA and Chromatin Damage Caused by Radiation outlines the different biological reactions to radiation. This book discusses the linear energy transfer and energy loss; DNA breaks and track structure; DNA radicals from water radicals; and radiation-induced strand breaks in isolated DNA. The radiation damage to DNA and its nearby environment; thiol radioprotectors and mechanism of action; radiolysis of water and track reactions; and computer simulation of higher order structure of DNA are also elaborated. This publication likewise covers the concept of chromatin structure; DNA supercoiling studied by sedimentation; measurement of radiation-induced DNA breakage; and analysis of damage in interphase cells. This volume is a useful reference to biologists and students concerned with DNA and chromatin damage caused by radiation.
Download or read book Advances in Radiation Biology written by John T. Lett and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 507 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Relative Radiation Sensitivities of Human Organ Systems written by John Lett and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Radiation Biology, Volume 14: Relative Radiation Sensitivities of Human Organ Systems, Part II focuses on radiation sensitivities of particular human organ systems. The sensitivities are then assessed based on the severity and the rapidity in which the effects of radiation manifest. The opening chapter surveys the clinical and experimental data on approaches toward the prevention of bladder complications in clinical radiotherapy. A discussion on HeLa cells, which are of special importance in human cervical cancer therapy, is then presented. In presenting this topic, this book emph ...
Download or read book Molecular Determinants of Radiation Response written by Theodore L. DeWeese and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-03-23 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Molecular Determinants of Radiation Response includes chapters by expert authors who detail the present understanding of key DNA damage response pathways and proteins. The chapters include comprehensive discussions on where and how specific alterations in function of these pathways and proteins result in substantive modifications of cellular response to DNA injury. Given the importance of therapies that induce DNA injury in the management of human disease, this book is timely and relevant for basic and translational researchers, as well as clinicians alike.
Download or read book The Yield and Distribution of Radiation induced DNA Damage written by Heidi Carol Newman and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Spatiotemporal Characterization of Ionizing Radiation Induced DNA Damage Foci and Their Relation to Chromatin Organization written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: DNA damage sensing proteins have been shown to localize to the sites of DSB within seconds to minutes following ionizing radiation (IR) exposure, resulting in the formation of microscopically visible nuclear domains referred to as radiation-induced foci (RIF). This review characterizes the spatio-temporal properties of RIF at physiological doses, minutes to hours following exposure to ionizing radiation, and it proposes a model describing RIF formation and resolution as a function of radiation quality and nuclear densities. Discussion is limited to RIF formed by three interrelated proteins ATM (Ataxia telangiectasia mutated), 53BP1 (p53 binding protein 1) and?H2AX (phosphorylated variant histone H2AX). Early post-IR, we propose that RIF mark chromatin reorganization, leading to a local nuclear scaffold rigid enough to keep broken DNA from diffusing away, but open enough to allow the repair machinery. We review data indicating clear kinetic and physical differences between RIF emerging from dense and uncondensed regions of the nucleus. At later time post-IR, we propose that persistent RIF observed days following exposure to ionizing radiation are nuclear?scars? marking permanent disruption of the chromatin architecture. When DNA damage is resolved, such chromatin modifications should not necessarily lead to growth arrest and it has been shown that persistent RIF can replicate during mitosis. Thus, heritable persistent RIF spanning over tens of Mbp may affect the transcriptome of a large progeny of cells. This opens the door for a non DNA mutation-based mechanism of radiation-induced phenotypes.
Download or read book The Early Effects of Radiation on DNA written by E.M. Fielden and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 437 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interest in the biological effects of ionising radiation closely followed the identification of such radiation. The realisation that DNA is the site of genetic infonnation in cells subsequently focussed attention on DNA as an important target in the lethal and mutagenic effects of ionising radiation. Thus radiation effects upon DNA became an important area for fundamental scientific studies by radiation biologists, chemists and physicists. To a first approximation, the concerns of the three disciplines can be divided by time scales: the physical process of energy deposition from photon or charged 16 12 particle and subsequent relaxation (-10- to 10- secs), followed by chemical 12 2 reactions (- 10- to 10 secs), and fmally, the expression of biological effect (minutes to years). Thus, the concept of 'early processes' conveys different ideas to different scientists, although they are all interrelated. To attempt to describe in any detail all these processes is a mammoth task which is not made easier by the different conventions and experimental approaches of the three disciplines. However, the recent advances in all these scientific areas seemed, to the organisers at least, to offer the opportunity to stimulate more active interaction between physicists, chemists and biologists. With this in mind, a multi-disciplinary workshop was organised, which brought together some fifty scientists to present their own specialist interests and, through extensive discussion, explore which problems are of high priority and require input from the different disciplines to resolve them.
Download or read book Ionizing Radiation Damage to DNA written by Radiation Research Society (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1990-09-13 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprised of a series of short papers, dedicated exclusively to the molecular aspects of ionizing radiation-induced damage and its subsequent biological processing. Representing a scientific cross-section, with contributions by major researchers in the field, it examines new and innovative methodologies for detecting and quantifying the broad spectrum of DNA damage, spotlights the use of recombinant DNA technologies for introducing unique model lesions into DNA, and assesses their mutagenic potential.
Download or read book Radiation Damage in DNA written by Alfred F. Fuciarelli and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Yields and Distribution of Radiation induced DNA Damage written by Heidi Carol Newman and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ionizing Radiation Induced DNA Damage and Its Repair in Human Cells written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: DNA damage in mammalian chromatin in vitro and in cultured mammalian cells including human cells was studied. In the first phase of these studies, a cell culture laboratory was established. Necessary equipment including an incubator, a sterile laminar flow hood and several centrifuges was purchased. We have successfully grown several cell lines such as murine hybridoma cells, V79 cells and human K562 leukemia cells. This was followed by the establishment of a methodology for the isolation of chromatin from cells. This was a very important step, because a routine and successful isolation of chromatin was a prerequisite for the success of the further studies in this project, the aim of which was the measurement of DNA darnage in mammalian chromatin in vitro and in cultured cells. Chromatin isolation was accomplished using a slightly modified procedure of the one described by Mee & Adelstein (1981). For identification and quantitation of DNA damage in cells, analysis of chromatin was preferred over the analysis of"naked DNA" for the following reasons: i. DNA may not be extracted efficiently from nucleoprotein in exposed cells, due to formation of DNA-protein cross-links, ii. the extractability of DNA is well known to decrease with increasing doses of radiation, iii. portions of DNA may not be extracted due to fragmentation, iv. unextracted DNA may contain a significant portion of damaged DNA bases and DNA-protein cross-links. The technique of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), which was used in the present project, permits the identification and quantitation of modified DNA bases in chromatin in the presence of proteins without the necessity of first isolating DNA from chromatin. This has been demonstrated previously by the results from our laboratory and by the results obtained during the course of the present project. The quality of isolated chromatin was tested by measurement of its content of DNA, proteins, and RNA, by analysis of its protein components using gel electrophoresis, and by absorption spectral analysis. GeneraUy, the RNA content was
Download or read book Mechanisms of DNA Damage and Repair written by Michael G. Simic and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-21 with total page 567 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is based on the papers presented at the conference on "Mecha nisms of DNA Damage and Repair: Implications for Carcinogenesis and Risk Assessment," held at the National Bureau of Standards on June 2-7, 1985, This volume deals with mechanisms of DNA damage and repair at the molecular level; consequences of unrepaired or misrepaired damage, with major emphasis on carcinogenesis; drugs which bind selectively to altered and potentially damaging DNA sequences; and potential utilization of DNA damage as an endpoint for assessing risks of UV light, ionizing radiations, chemicals, drugs, and hazardous agents in foods. Because the induction of mutations by radiation and genotoxic chemicals has been observed to follow one-hit kinetics in some instances, it is generally assumed that any level of exposure to a DNA-damaging agent may increase the risk of genetic disease or cancer in an exposed population. At the same time, however, there is evidence that although the DNA of living cells is continually damaged by natural background radiation, free radicals, and other naturally occurring processes, most of the damage is normally repaired.
Download or read book Molecular Determinants of Radiation Response written by Theodore L. DeWeese and published by Springer. This book was released on 2011-06-08 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Molecular Determinants of Radiation Response includes chapters by expert authors who detail the present understanding of key DNA damage response pathways and proteins. The chapters include comprehensive discussions on where and how specific alterations in function of these pathways and proteins result in substantive modifications of cellular response to DNA injury. Given the importance of therapies that induce DNA injury in the management of human disease, this book is timely and relevant for basic and translational researchers, as well as clinicians alike.
Download or read book Radiation Damage in Biomolecular Systems written by Gustavo García Gómez-Tejedor and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-01-05 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the discovery of X-rays and radioactivity, ionizing radiations have been widely applied in medicine both for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. The risks associated with radiation exposure and handling led to the parallel development of the field of radiation protection. Pioneering experiments done by Sanche and co-workers in 2000 showed that low-energy secondary electrons, which are abundantly generated along radiation tracks, are primarily responsible for radiation damage through successive interactions with the molecular constituents of the medium. Apart from ionizing processes, which are usually related to radiation damage, below the ionization level low-energy electrons can induce molecular fragmentation via dissociative processes such as internal excitation and electron attachment. This prompted collaborative projects between different research groups from European countries together with other specialists from Canada, the USA and Australia. This book summarizes the advances achieved by these research groups after more than ten years of studies on radiation damage in biomolecular systems. An extensive Part I deals with recent experimental and theoretical findings on radiation induced damage at the molecular level. It includes many contributions on electron and positron collisions with biologically relevant molecules. X-ray and ion interactions are also covered. Part II addresses different approaches to radiation damage modelling. In Part III biomedical aspects of radiation effects are treated on different scales. After the physics-oriented focus of the previous parts, there is a gradual transition to biology and medicine with the increasing size of the object studied. Finally, Part IV is dedicated to current trends and novel techniques in radiation reserach and the applications hence arising. It includes new developments in radiotherapy and related cancer therapies, as well as technical optimizations of accelerators and totally new equipment designs, giving a glimpse of the near future of radiation-based medical treatments.
Download or read book Advances in DNA Damage and Repair written by Miral Dizdaroglu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1999-02-28 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years the field of DNA repair has flourished due to new findings on DNA repair mechanisms and the molecular basis of cancer. This volume covers the most recent developments in this research field and contains contributions from scientists working in various fields.
Download or read book Basic Clinical Radiobiology written by Michael C. Joiner and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-08-28 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Builds on success and reputation of previous editions Draws on the considerable teaching experience of an international author team, most notably the US and European Editors The gold-standard European text for training, adopted by ESTRO as a course book, as a text for the Royal College of Radiologists' radiobiology exam and by courses in the US Highly illustrated with new, 2 colour illustrations Clear and concise style, appropriate for trainees and also practising radiation oncologists requiring a ready reference to the subject Includes new chapters on stem cells, tissue response and the meeting point of meeting point of radiotherapy, radiobiology and physics
Download or read book Free Radical and Radiation Induced Damage to DNA written by D. Schulte-Frohlinde and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1989 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
