Download or read book Diversity Social Capital and Cohesion written by Alejandro Portes and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We review the bourgeoning literature on ethno-racial diversity and its alleged effects on public trust and cohesion in the context of the evolution of the concept of social capital and earlier claims about its manifold positive effects. We present evidence that questions such claims and points to the roots of civicness and trust in deep historical processes associated with race and immigration. We examine the claims that immigration reduces social cohesion by drawing on the sociological classics to show the forms of cohesion that actually keep modern societies together. This leads to a typology that shows “communitarianism” to be just one such form and one not required, and not necessarily ideal, for the smooth operation of complex organizations and institutions. Implications of our conclusions for future research and immigration policy are discussed.
Download or read book Social Capital in Singapore written by Vincent Chua and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-12-27 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How can social cohesion be achieved in a meritocratic and multicultural global city-state? Meritocracy poses a paradox: On one hand, it integrates individuals through frameworks of equal treatment, equal justice and opportunity regardless of race, language or religion. On the other hand, individuals are then segregating through academic sorting, they are rewarded based on credentials and performance which also results in elite identification and bonding. After a generation, without mitigation action, social stratification can result. Distinctive circles differentiating social elites from non-elites, the professional classes from non-professional classes emerge. The remedy the authors propose is network diversity which is the organic forming of ties across class and other social boundaries built on deliberate policies, programmes and platforms designed to facilitate that. This social mixing, forged in social infrastructure such as schools, workplaces, and voluntary associations pays off by producing the collective goods of national identity and trust. This hypothesis has been tested in the case of Singapore society and the empirical results from the research on the power of network diversity and bridging social capital are found in this volume. An insightful read for scholars and practitioners in public policy and social network analysis looking to understand the challenges faced by and the experiences that have emerged from the case of Singapore with its multicultural and cosmopolitan setting.
Download or read book Social Epidemiology written by Lisa F. Berkman and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2000-03-09 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book shows the important links between social conditions and health and begins to describe the processes through which these health inequalities may be generated. It reviews a range of methodologies that could be used by health researchers in this field and proposes innovative future research directions.
Download or read book Diverse Communities written by Barbara Arneil and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2006-09-14 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diverse Communities is a critique of Robert Putnam's social capital thesis, re-examined from the perspective of women and cultural minorities in America over the last century. Barbara Arneil argues that the idyllic communities of the past were less positive than Putnam envisions and that the current 'collapse' in participation is better understood as change rather than decline. Arneil suggests that the changes in American civil society in the last half century are not so much the result of generational change or television as the unleashing of powerful economic, social and cultural forces that, despite leading to division and distrust within American society, also contributed to greater justice for women and cultural minorities. She concludes by proposing that the lessons learned from this fuller history of American civil society provide the normative foundation to enumerate the principles of justice by which diverse communities might be governed in the twenty-first century.
Download or read book Defining and Measuring Social Cohesion written by Jane Jenson and published by Commonwealth Secretariat. This book was released on 2010 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines the literature on social cohesion. Presentsa range of indicators that have been used to measure social cohesion.
Download or read book Segregation and Mistrust written by Eric M. Uslaner and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-09-17 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Generalized trust – faith in people you do not know who are likely to be different from you – is a value that leads to many positive outcomes for a society. Yet some scholars now argue that trust is lower when we are surrounded by people who are different from us. Eric M. Uslaner challenges this view and argues that residential segregation, rather than diversity, leads to lower levels of trust. Integrated and diverse neighborhoods will lead to higher levels of trust, but only if people also have diverse social networks. Professor Uslaner examines the theoretical and measurement differences between segregation and diversity and summarizes results on how integrated neighborhoods with diverse social networks increase trust in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Sweden and Australia. He also shows how different immigration and integration policies toward minorities shape both social ties and trust.
Download or read book Social Capital and Health written by Ichiro Kawachi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As interest in social capital has grown over the past decade—particularly in public health —so has the lack of consensus on exactly what it is and what makes it worth studying. Ichiro Kawachi, a widely respected leader in the field, and 21 contributors (including physicians, economists, and public health experts) discuss the theoretical origins of social capital, the strengths and limitations of current methodologies of measuring it, and salient examples of social capital concepts informing public health practice. Among the highlights: Measurement methods: survey, sociometric, ethnographic, experimental The relationship between social capital and physical health and health behaviors: smoking, substance abuse, physical activity, sexual activity Social capital and mental health: early findings Social capital and the aging community Social capital and disaster preparedness Social Capital and Health is certain to inspire a new generation of research on this topic, and will be of interest to researchers and advanced students in public health, health behavior, and social epidemiology.
Download or read book Does Ethnic Diversity Pose a Threat to Social Cohesion written by James Laurence and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The claim that 'ethnic diversity poses a threat to social cohesion' has become almost ubiquitous in the political discourse of race and immigration 'i"the UK. This claim has emerged alongside (and later drawn from) a growing body of academic research which suggests greater ethnic diversity is associated with lower levels of 'social capital' and' social trust'. This thesis examines the validity of this politically-sensitive statement by investigating four previously unexplored avenues of enquiry. This includes: (1) a dual-analysis of the effect of ethnic diversity on local 'social capital' and community 'inter-ethnic relations'; (2) an analysis into the mechanisms which account for the effect of community diversity on 'social cohesion'; (3) an investigation into the (neglected) role of segregation in the current diversity/'social cohesion' debate; and (4) a test of the causal assumptions regarding the effect of diversity, implicit in the current empirical research. Through the application of multi- level cross-sectional and panel-data modelling techniques, this thesis demonstrates that increasing ethnic diversity can undermine 'social cohesion'; however, on the whole, it is only in specific communities and amongst specific individuals. We show that neighbourhood diversity only undermines attitudes such as 'neighbour trust', and levels of 'weak-tie social connectivity', in more segregated wider- communities. Identically diverse neighbourhoods, nested within integrated wider- communities, exhibit just as much 'neighbourliness' and 'weak-tie connectivity' as homogeneous neighbourhoods. We also reveal that diversity's effect on community 'inter-ethnic relations' is substantially moderated by both: (1) the level of community disadvantage, and (2) whether an individual possesses 'bridging' ties or not. We find it is only individuals in disadvantaged communities who do not possess 'bridging' ties that report greater community 'inter-ethnic tensions' with increasing diversity. Whilst some important differences exist in how these relationships apply to 'majority' and 'minority' ethnic populations, the striking similarities in the effect of diversity on both groups far out-weighs the differences. Yet, whilst demonstrating that the effect of diversity is highly context-specific, we observe that increasing socio-economic disadvantage directly undermines both 'neighbourliness' and community 'inter-ethnic relations'. Furthermore, the pejorative effect of disadvantage is (for the most part) unrelated to either the 'quantity' or 'quality' of 'social connectivity'. We conclude by suggesting that policy initiatives need to be refocused to address the much more detrimental and pervasive effects of disadvantage for' social cohesion' in the UK. APPROXIMATE WORD COUNT: 99,500.
Download or read book Balancing the Internal and External Social Capital of Diverse R D Teams written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using a sample of 58 science laboratory teams, this paper explores the impact of team demographic and informational diversity on team performance through the mediation of internal and external social capital in R & D teams. Diversity research has failed to find consistent results about the relationship between team diversity and performance. I argue that the mixed empirical results may be caused by the complex dynamics of internal and external networks in teams. Diverse teams may decrease team performance through reduced internal social capital and may increase team performance through increased external social capital. Therefore, the effects of team diversity on performance may be dependent on the extent to which the diversity impact on performance via external social capital (network size, social and job-related relationship, and network diversity) is higher than via internal social capital (social cohesion, job-related cohesion, trust, and cooperative norms). In addition, the effects of task characteristics (task interdependence and task routineness) on the relationships among social capital, diversity, and team performance were explored. Results showed that demographic diversity decreased internal social capital whereas informational diversity increased internal social capital. Both internal and external social capital increased team performance. Ethnicity/nationality diversity decreased team performance via reduced internal social capital and increased external social capital. The potential moderating effects of task characteristics were examined also. The moderating effects of task interdependence did not always show consistent patterns. However, for teams that performed non-routine tasks, I found stronger relationships between diversity and internal and external social capital compared to teams that performed routine tasks. In addition, for teams that performed non-routine tasks, I found stronger relationships between job-related internal and external social capital and team performance, compared to teams that performed routine tasks.
Download or read book The New Black Middle Class written by Bart Landry and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 1987-04-21 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this important new book, Bart Landry contributes significantly to the study of black American life and its social stratification and to the study of American middle class life in general.
Download or read book Social Cohesion and Immigration in Europe and North America written by Ruud Koopmans and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-11-20 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Concerns about immigration and the rising visibility of minorities have triggered a lively scholarly debate on the consequences of ethnic diversity for trust, cooperation, and other aspects of social cohesion. In this accessibly written volume, leading scholars explore where, when, and why ethnic diversity affects social cohesion by way of analyses covering the major European immigration countries, as well as the United States and Canada. They explore the merits of competing theoretical accounts and give rare insights into the underlying mechanisms through which diversity affects social cohesion. The volume offers a nuanced picture of the topic by explicitly exploring the conditions under which ethnic diversity affects the ‘glue’ that holds societies together. With its interdisciplinary perspective and contributions by sociologists, political scientists, social psychologists, as well as economists, the book offers the most comprehensive analysis of the link between ethnic diversity and social cohesion that is currently available.
Download or read book Seven Rules for Social Research written by Glenn Firebaugh and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2018-06-26 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seven Rules for Social Research teaches social scientists how to get the most out of their technical skills and tools, providing a resource that fully describes the strategies and concepts no researcher or student of human behavior can do without. Glenn Firebaugh provides indispensable practical guidance for anyone doing research in the social and health sciences today, whether they are undergraduate or graduate students embarking on their first major research projects or seasoned professionals seeking to incorporate new methods into their research. The rules are the basis for discussions of a broad range of issues, from choosing a research question to inferring causal relationships, and are illustrated with applications and case studies from sociology, economics, political science, and related fields. Though geared toward quantitative methods, the rules also work for qualitative research. Seven Rules for Social Research is ideal for students and researchers who want to take their technical skills to new levels of precision and insight, and for instructors who want a textbook for a second methods course. The Seven Rules There should be the possibility of surprise in social research Look for differences that make a difference, and report them. Build reality checks into your research. Replicate where possible. Compare like with like. Use panel data to study individual change and repeated cross-section data to study social change. Let method be the servant, not the master.
Download or read book Community Cohesion in Crisis written by Flint, John and published by Policy Press. This book was released on 2008-07-23 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines how new dimensions of diversity and difference, so often debated in the national context, are emerging at the neighbourhood level.
Download or read book Ethnic Diversity and Social Cohesion written by Merlin Schaeffer and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-05-23 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exploring the debate within social sciences on the consequences of ethnic diversity for social cohesion and the production of public goods, this book draws on extensive survey data from Germany to engage with questions surrounding the relationship between ethnic diversity and issues such as welfare provision and the erosion of public trust and civic engagement in Europe. It moves away from the question of whether there is in fact a universal correlation between ethnic diversity and social cohesion in order to focus on the reasons for which people's reciprocity and trust might be reduced in more ethnically diverse areas. Drawing attention to the importance of peoples' perceptions of diversity in explaining levels of social cohesion, Ethnic Diversity and Social Cohesion shows how specific types of perceived diversity can help explain the reasons for which ethnic diversity is associated with declines in social cohesion, and the contexts and conditions in which this occurs. The book also outlines potential courses of action, revealing the important roles of residential segregation, children and interethnic partners in overcoming barriers of language, values and cognitive bias. A rigorous, timely study of ethnic diversity and its relation to liberal democracy as a form of deliberative conflict that requires certain levels of trust, shared values and engagement, Ethnic Diversity and Social Cohesion will be of interest to policy makers, sociologists and political scientists working in the fields of race and migration, ethnic diversity and community cohesion.
Download or read book Social Cohesion and Conflict Prevention in Asia written by Nat J. Colletta and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2001-01-01 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is based on discussions from the Asian Regional Consultation on Social Cohesion and Conflict Management that was sponsored by the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank. Participants, speaking in their personal capacity, included representatives from government, civil society, and donor organisations. The papers included in this volume cite a multiplicity of traditional obstacles to social cohesion and integration in the region, ranging from xenophobic nationalism to poverty, socioeconomic disparities, gender inequality, and ethnic, religious, and cultural discrimination.
Download or read book Understanding and Measuring Social Capital written by Christiaan Grootaert and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2002 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work details various methods of gauging social capital and provides illustrative case studies from Mali and India. It also offers a measuring instrument, the Social Capital Assessment Tool, that combines quantitative and qualitative approaches.
Download or read book Internal Diversity written by Sonja Moghaddari and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-12-03 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the interrelation between diversity in migrants’ internal relations and their experience of inequality in local and global contexts. Taking the case of Hamburg-based Iranians, it traces evaluation processes in ties between professionals – artists and entrepreneurs – since the 1930s, examining migrants’ potential to act upon hierarchical structures. Building on long-term ethnographic fieldwork and archival work, the book centers on differentiation, combining a diversity study with a focus on locality, with a transnational migration study, analysing strategies of capital creation and anthropological value theory. The analysis of migrants’ agency tackles questions of independence and cooperation in kinship, associations, transnational entrepreneurship and cultural events within the context of the position of Germany and Iran in the global politico-economic landscape. This material will be of interest to scholars and students of anthropology, sociology, migration, urbanism and Iranian studies, as well as Iranian-Germans and those interested in the entanglement of global and local power relations.
