Download or read book Diversity and Lithification in Microbial Mats and Stromatolites written by Laura Kathleen Baumgartner and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book STROMATOLITES Interaction of Microbes with Sediments written by Vinod Tewari and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-08-23 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: STROMATOLITES: Interaction of Microbes with Sediments provides an overview and latest information about the formation of Stromatolites as a result of interaction of microbes with sediments. Eighty-three expert scientists from twenty-seven countries present the chapters in this volume which have been reviewed by thirty four referees. The volume deals with ancient to modern examples of stromatolites and microorganisms which are observed in various diverse environments, such as: marine, nonmarine, lacustrine and extreme geographical areas covering almost the whole earth. The reviews are original articles written by leading experienced experts, some chapters deal with latest instrumental techniques used for the study of microbes and Stromatolites. Other chapters have been contributed by young researchers who revealed updated data on Stromatolites. The astrobiological implications of early microbiota, sulfur isotopic ratios, microbialites in extreme conditions on earth has opened up new vistas in the search of extraterrestrial life.
Download or read book Microbial Mats Stromatolites written by Yehuda Cohen and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 542 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Geobiology of Stromatolites written by Joachim Reitner and published by Universitätsverlag Göttingen. This book was released on 2008 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Interactions of Nitrogen and Carbon Cycling in Microbial Mats and Stromatolites written by Brad Maurice Bebout and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Microbial Mats written by Yehuda Cohen and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 498 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Complex Lipids in Microbial Mats and Stromatolites of Hamelin Pool Shark Bay Australia written by Elise McKenna Myers and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stromatolites, columnar rock-like structures, are potentially some of the oldest, microbially mediated fossils visible in the rock record; if biogenesis is able to be confirmed for these ancient stromatolites, some being greater than 3 billion years old, these ancient stromatolites could be used to demonstrate the microbial community assemblages throughout ancient time. Hamelin Pool, Shark Bay, Australia is an ideal field site for this task, as stromtolites and modem microbial mats coexist and the microbial mats have been shown to contribute to the formation of the stromatolites. Comprehensive lipid biomarker profiles were determined in this study for non-lithified smooth, pustular, and colloform microbial mats, as well as for smooth and colloform stromatolites. Intact polar lipids, glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers, and bacteriohopanepolyols were analyzed via liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) coupled to a Quadropole Time-of-Flight (QTOF) mass spectrometer, while the previously studied fatty acids (Allen et al., 2010) were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to prove consistent signatures. From the lipid profiles, sulfate-reducing bacteria and anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria and archaea could be inferred. The presence of the rare 3- methylhopanoids (3 Me-BHPs) was discovered in a significant portion of the samples, which could add to the characterization of this molecule, which has only been concretely linked to oxygenic conditions for formation. In accordance with Allen et al. in 2010, 2- methyhopanoids were detected, as well as limited signals from higher (vascular) plants. While the lipid profiles for all sediment types were similar, there were some differences that are likely attributable to morphological differences. However, the overall similarities suggest microbial communities can be similar between non-lithified microbial mats and stromatolites. 2
Download or read book Bacterial Diversity and Community Structure of Lithotrophically driven Microbial Mats from the Mariana Arc and Back arc written by Kevin W. Hager and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Mariana region exhibits a rich array of hydrothermal venting conditions in a complex geological setting, which provides a natural laboratory to study the influence of local environmental conditions on microbial community structure as well large-scale patterns in microbial biogeography. We used high-throughput amplicon sequencing of the bacterial SSU rRNA gene from 22 microbial mats collected from four hydrothermally active locations along the Mariana Arc and back-arc to explore the structure of lithotrophically-based microbial mat communities in order to better assess the hypothesis that these communities represent hotspots of microbial diversity. The vent effluent was classified as iron- or sulfur-rich corresponding with two distinct community types, dominated by either Zetaproteobacteria or Epsilonproteobacteria, respectively. The Zetaproteobacterial-based communities had the highest richness and diversity, which supports the hypothesis that Zetaproteobacteria are ecosystem engineers. The Epsilonproteobacteria-dominated mats were less abundant and split into two groups based on the prevalence of the genera Sulfurovum/Sulfurimonas or Thioreductor/Lebetimonas, which oxidize or reduce sulfur compounds, respectively. In addition, we also compare two sampling techniques, showing that higher diversity in microbial mats is associated with bulk sampling compared to fine-scale sampling. Overall, we present a comprehensive analysis and new insights into community structure and diversity of the lithotrophically-driven microbial mats from a hydrothermal region associated with high microbial biodiversity.
Download or read book The Microbial Communities of the Modern Marine Stromatolites at Highborne Cay Bahamas written by John F. Stolz and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An intensive multi-year field study of the modern marine stromatolites at Highborne Cay, Bahamas has identified a variety of microbial communities that colonize the stromatolite surfaces. They include both bacterial and diatom dominated communities. The "classic" microbial communities are those described by Reid et al. (2000). They include Schizothrix mats, dominated by S. gebeleinii, which trap and bind ooid sand grains (Type 1 mat); biofilm mats, composed of sulfate reducing bacteria, which form thin crusts of microcrystalline carbonate (Type 2 mat); and Solentia mats, dominated by coccoid endolithic Solentia species, which create cemented layers of fused sand grains (Type 3 mat). Another bacterial mat, termed "pudding mat" due to its pudding-like texture, is dominated by thin filaments of Phormidium sp. and single filaments of S. gebeleinii, but may also be colonized by a unique species of coccoid cyanobacterium related to Cyanothece. The diatom mats include stalked diatoms and tube diatoms. The stalked diatom mats form as a thin (1-3 mm) surface pink fuzz comprised of Striatella unipunctata, or a yellow fuzz that may develop into a thick (0.5-1 cm) yellow fur with Licmophora remulus and Licmophora paradoxa. The tube diatom mats, which occur as discrete pustules that may coalesce to create uniform blankets, are formed by naviculid--like tube diatoms. These different mat types recognized based on field descriptions and light microscopy also show distinct differences based on microbial fingerprinting and carbohydrate fractionation. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analyses show similarities between stalked diatom mat types and "classic" mat types 1 and 2; these mats cluster separately from tube diatom mats and pudding mats, which each form distinct clades. In addition, the carbohydrate fractions of classic mat types are composed mostly of structural extracellular polymeric secretions (EPS), whereas stalked diatom and pudding mats contain predominantly non-structural carbohydrates. Although the pudding mats and diatom communities can contribute to the trapping of ooids, the stabilization of the unconsolidated sediment ultimately requires binding by S. gebeleinii. The combination of carbohydrate composition and ability to rapidly rebound after burial result in the high erosion resistance exhibited by the "classic" mats. Conversely, the extremely sensitive nature of diatoms to burial results in the low erosion resistance of the diatom mats. Nevertheless, all may contribute to the biogenesis of the Highborne Cay stromatolites.
Download or read book Microbial Mats written by Yehuda Cohen and published by . This book was released on 1984-02 with total page 498 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Microbial Communities of the Modern Marine Stromatolites at Highborne Cay Bahamas written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An intensive multi-year field study of the modern marine stromatolites at Highborne Cay, Bahamas has identified a variety of microbial communities that colonize the stromatolite surfaces. They include both bacterial and diatom dominated communities. The "classic" microbial communities are those described by Reid et al. (2000). They include Schizothrix mats, dominated by S. gebeleinii, which trap and bind ooid sand grains (Type 1 mat); biofilm mats, composed of sulfate reducing bacteria, which form thin crusts of microcrystalline carbonate (Type 2 mat); and Solentia mats, dominated by coccoid endolithic Solentia species, which create cemented layers of fused sand grains (Type 3 mat). Another bacterial mat, termed "pudding mat" due to its pudding-like texture, is dominated by thin filaments of Phormidium sp. and single filaments of S. gebeleinii, but may also be colonized by a unique species of coccoid cyanobacterium related to Cyanothece. The diatom mats include stalked diatoms and tube diatoms. The stalked diatom mats form as a thin (1-3 mm) surface pink fuzz comprised of Striatella unipunctata, or a yellow fuzz that may develop into a thick (0.5-1 cm) yellow fur with Licmophora remulus and Licmophora paradoxa. The tube diatom mats, which occur as discrete pustules that may coalesce to create uniform blankets, are formed by naviculid--like tube diatoms. These different mat types recognized based on field descriptions and light microscopy also show distinct differences based on microbial fingerprinting and carbohydrate fractionation. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analyses show similarities between stalked diatom mat types and "classic" mat types 1 and 2; these mats cluster separately from tube diatom mats and pudding mats, which each form distinct clades. In addition, the carbohydrate fractions of classic mat types are composed mostly of structural extracellular polymeric secretions (EPS), whereas stalked diatom and pudding mats contain predominantly non-structural carbohydrates. Although the pudding mats and diatom communities can contribute to the trapping of ooids, the stabilization of the unconsolidated sediment ultimately requires binding by S. gebeleinii. The combination of carbohydrate composition and ability to rapidly rebound after burial result in the high erosion resistance exhibited by the "classic" mats. Conversely, the extremely sensitive nature of diatoms to burial results in the low erosion resistance of the diatom mats. Nevertheless, all may contribute to the biogenesis of the Highborne Cay stromatolites.
Download or read book The Role of Microbes in Accretion Lamination and Early Lithification of Modern Marine Stromatolites written by and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Freshwater Microbiology written by Suhaib A. Bandh and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-08-01 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Freshwater Microbiology: Perspectives of Bacterial Dynamics in Lake Ecosystems provides a comprehensive and systematic analysis of microbial ecology in lakes. It offers basic information on how well the bacterial community composition varies along the spatio-temporal and trophic gradients along with the evaluation of the bioindicator species of bacteria so as to act as a key to predict the trophic status of lake ecosystems. The book helps to identify the factors of potential importance in structuring the bacterial communities in lakes as it delves into the dynamics and diversity of bacterial community composition in relation to various water quality parameters. It helps to identify the possibility of bioremediation plans and devising future policy decisions, with better conservation and management practices. Provides a comprehensive and systematic analysis of microbial ecology Helps to identify the factors of potential importance in structuring the bacterial community composition Gives insight into the bacterial diversity of freshwater lake ecosystems along with their industrial potential Caters to the needs and aspirations of students and professional researchers
Download or read book Microbial Diversity Studies in Sediments of Perennially Ice covered Lakes McMurdo Dry Valleys Antarctica written by Chao Tang and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 159 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interspersed layers of microbial mats and terrigenous particles that penetrated through the ice cover largely represent the sediment's stratigraphy in MCM lakes. Sedimentation is very slow. Samples from distant sections of the long sediment core of WLB were used to investigate microbial community changes over a long geologic period. Different origins of sediments (biogenic or terrigenous) and the community's evolution were proposed as explanations for the observed differences in the community structure from different sections. A fine-scale depth profile of surface sediments from Fryxell was studied. There was a clear microbial population change with depth, likely due to geochemistry transitions. Sulfate reduction was found to coexist with methanogenesis in Fryxell sediments containing very low sulfate. Sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) diversity was studied by characterizing the dsrAB gene, which encodes for dissimilatory sulfite reductase, the conserved enzyme in all SRBs. Two novel dsrAB lineages were discovered. Adaptation of the two dominant clusters to low sulfate conditions was suggested; other clusters seemed to be related to marine SRBs.
Download or read book Biophysical Basis for the Geometry of Coniform Stromatolites written by Alexander P. Petroff and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stromatolites may be Earth?s oldest macroscopic fossils; however, it remains controversial what, if any, biological processes are recorded in their morphology. Although the biological interpretation of many stromatolite morphologies is confounded by the influence of sedimentation, conical stromatolites form in the absence of sedimentation and are, therefore, considered to be the most robust records of biophysical processes. A qualitative similarity between conical stromatolites and some modern microbial mats suggests a photosynthetic origin for ancient stromatolites. To better understand and interpret ancient fossils, we seek a quantitative relationship between the geometry of conical stromatolites and the biophysical processes that control their growth. We note that all modern conical stromatolites and many that formed in the last 2.8 billion years display a characteristic centimeter-scale spacing between neighboring structures. To understand this prominent?but hitherto uninterpreted?organization, we consider the role of diffusion in mediating competition between stromatolites. Having confirmed this model through laboratory experiments and field observation, we find that organization of a field of stromatolites is set by a diffusive time scale over which individual structures compete for nutrients, thus linking form to physiology. The centimeter-scale spacing between modern and ancient stromatolites corresponds to a rhythmically fluctuating metabolism with a period of approximately 20 hr. The correspondence between the observed spacing and the day length provides quantitative support for the photosynthetic origin of conical stromatolites throughout geologic time.
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Modern Coral Reefs written by David Hopley and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-11-26 with total page 1226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coral reefs are the largest landforms built by plants and animals. Their study therefore incorporates a wide range of disciplines. This encyclopedia approaches coral reefs from an earth science perspective, concentrating especially on modern reefs. Currently coral reefs are under high stress, most prominently from climate change with changes to water temperature, sea level and ocean acidification particularly damaging. Modern reefs have evolved through the massive environmental changes of the Quaternary with long periods of exposure during glacially lowered sea level periods and short periods of interglacial growth. The entries in this encyclopedia condense the large amount of work carried out since Charles Darwin first attempted to understand reef evolution. Leading authorities from many countries have contributed to the entries covering areas of geology, geography and ecology, providing comprehensive access to the most up-to-date research on the structure, form and processes operating on Quaternary coral reefs.
Download or read book Calcareous Algae and Stromatolites written by Robert Riding and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides a comprehensive overview of calcareous algae and stromatolites. It contains reviews by leading specialists of major groups, together with accounts of floras through time. It deals with marine and non-marine, benthic and planktic, and modern as well as ancient examples. As the first multi-authored review of the field ever published in English, it is an essential reference text for this complex field. It is designed for both postgraduate researchers and professional scientists who require up-to-date and authoritative information on these long-ranging organisms and fabrics which are of wide evolutionary, environmental and sedimentary significance.
