Download or read book Distributional Assumptions and Option Valuation written by James O. Washam and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Fat Tailed and Skewed Asset Return Distributions written by Svetlozar T. Rachev and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2005-09-15 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While mainstream financial theories and applications assume that asset returns are normally distributed, overwhelming empirical evidence shows otherwise. Yet many professionals don’t appreciate the highly statistical models that take this empirical evidence into consideration. Fat-Tailed and Skewed Asset Return Distributions examines this dilemma and offers readers a less technical look at how portfolio selection, risk management, and option pricing modeling should and can be undertaken when the assumption of a non-normal distribution for asset returns is violated. Topics covered in this comprehensive book include an extensive discussion of probability distributions, estimating probability distributions, portfolio selection, alternative risk measures, and much more. Fat-Tailed and Skewed Asset Return Distributions provides a bridge between the highly technical theory of statistical distributional analysis, stochastic processes, and econometrics of financial returns and real-world risk management and investments.

Download or read book The Valuation of Multivariate Options written by Christian Hassold and published by diplom.de. This book was released on 2004-07-19 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inhaltsangabe:Abstract: During the last decades, capital markets have transformed rapidly. Derivative securities or more simply derivatives like swaps, futures, and options supplemented the trading of stocks and bonds. These financial products can frequently be seen in the media: Due to derivatives, Procter & Gamble lost $150 million in 1994, Barings Bank lost $1.3 billion in 1995 and Long-Term Capital Management (LTCM) lost $3.5 billion in 1998. Though these figures seem daunting, derivatives can be useful financial instruments. Applications include risk management, speculation, reduced transaction costs, and regulatory arbitrage. Theory and practice of option valuation were revolutionized in 1973, when Fischer Black and Myron Scholes published their celebrated Black Scholes formula in the landmark paper The pricing of options and corporate liabilities . Afterwards, a vast amount of papers on option valuation was published which employ all kinds of stochastic processes. Thereby, the special features of financial return data are tried to be taken into account. Advancing option valuation theory to options with multiple underlyings, lead to the problem that the dependence structure of the underlying securities needs to be considered. Though linear correlation is a widely used dependence measure, it may be inappropriate for multivariate return data. Throughout the last years, dependence modelling through copulas has become common. Copulas are multivariate distributions on the d-dimensional unit-hyper-square which couples d marginal distributions to a joint distribution. Copulas can be used to construct dependence measures like the rank correlation coefficients of Spearman or Kendall. They are also a useful tool in the context of option valuation. The prices of multivariate options depend on the distributional assumptions of stock price changes and the dependence structure. This thesis exhibits the features of multivariate financial return data. Evidence of (multi-)non-normality is presented. A general overview on multivariate option valuation theory is given. A nonparametric model and two Esscher models are introduced in detail. Then, the multivariate normal and the multivariate normal inverse Gaussian distribution are assumed as return distributions for an empirical study. The study exhibits the influence of the dependence structure and the properties of the assumed return distribution on option prices. Inhaltsverzeichnis:Table of [...]

Download or read book Financial Models with Levy Processes and Volatility Clustering written by Svetlozar T. Rachev and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-02-08 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An in-depth guide to understanding probability distributions and financial modeling for the purposes of investment management In Financial Models with Lévy Processes and Volatility Clustering, the expert author team provides a framework to model the behavior of stock returns in both a univariate and a multivariate setting, providing you with practical applications to option pricing and portfolio management. They also explain the reasons for working with non-normal distribution in financial modeling and the best methodologies for employing it. The book's framework includes the basics of probability distributions and explains the alpha-stable distribution and the tempered stable distribution. The authors also explore discrete time option pricing models, beginning with the classical normal model with volatility clustering to more recent models that consider both volatility clustering and heavy tails. Reviews the basics of probability distributions Analyzes a continuous time option pricing model (the so-called exponential Lévy model) Defines a discrete time model with volatility clustering and how to price options using Monte Carlo methods Studies two multivariate settings that are suitable to explain joint extreme events Financial Models with Lévy Processes and Volatility Clustering is a thorough guide to classical probability distribution methods and brand new methodologies for financial modeling.

Download or read book Stochastic Dominance Option Pricing written by Stylianos Perrakis and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-05-03 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book illustrates the application of the economic concept of stochastic dominance to option markets and presents an alternative option pricing paradigm to the prevailing no arbitrage simultaneous equilibrium in the frictionless underlying and option markets. This new methodology was developed primarily by the author, working independently or jointly with other co-authors, over the course of more than thirty years. Among others, it yields the fundamental Black-Scholes-Merton option value when markets are complete, presents a new approach to the pricing of rare event risk, and uncovers option mispricing that leads to tradeable strategies in the presence of transaction costs. In the latter case it shows how a utility-maximizing investor trading in the market and a riskless bond, subject to proportional transaction costs, can increase his/her expected utility by overlaying a zero-net-cost portfolio of options bought at their ask price and written at their bid price, irrespective of the specific form of the utility function. The book contains a unified presentation of these methods and results, making it a highly readable supplement for educators and sophisticated professionals working in the popular field of option pricing. It also features a foreword by George Constantinides, the Leo Melamed Professor of Finance at the Booth School of Business, University of Chicago, USA, who was a co-author in several parts of the book.

Download or read book The Informational Content of Option Premiums written by Paul Leonard Fackler and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book American Spread Option Models and Valuation written by Yu Hu and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 115 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Spread options are derivative securities, which are written on the difference between the values of two underlying market variables. They are very important tools to hedge the correlation risk. American style spread options allow the holder to exercise the option at any time up to and including maturity. Although they are widely used to hedge and speculate in financial market, the valuation of the American spread option is very challenging. Because even under the classic assumptions that the underlying assets follow the log-normal distribution, the resulting spread doesn't have a distribution with a simple closed formula. In this dissertation, we investigate the American spread option pricing problem. Several approaches for the geometric Brownian motion model and the stochastic volatility model are developed. We also implement the above models and the numerical results are compared among different approaches.

Download or read book Application of Stochastic Volatility Models in Option Pricing written by Pascal Debus and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2013-09-09 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bachelorarbeit aus dem Jahr 2010 im Fachbereich BWL - Investition und Finanzierung, Note: 1,2, EBS Universität für Wirtschaft und Recht, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: The Black-Scholes (or Black-Scholes-Merton) Model has become the standard model for the pricing of options and can surely be seen as one of the main reasons for the growth of the derivative market after the model ́s introduction in 1973. As a consequence, the inventors of the model, Robert Merton, Myron Scholes, and without doubt also Fischer Black, if he had not died in 1995, were awarded the Nobel prize for economics in 1997. The model, however, makes some strict assumptions that must hold true for accurate pricing of an option. The most important one is constant volatility, whereas empirical evidence shows that volatility is heteroscedastic. This leads to increased mispricing of options especially in the case of out of the money options as well as to a phenomenon known as volatility smile. As a consequence, researchers introduced various approaches to expand the model by allowing the volatility to be non-constant and to follow a sto-chastic process. It is the objective of this thesis to investigate if the pricing accuracy of the Black-Scholes model can be significantly improved by applying a stochastic volatility model.

Download or read book Computational Intelligence Applications to Option Pricing Volatility Forecasting and Value at Risk written by Fahed Mostafa and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-02-28 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book demonstrates the power of neural networks in learning complex behavior from the underlying financial time series data. The results presented also show how neural networks can successfully be applied to volatility modeling, option pricing, and value-at-risk modeling. These features mean that they can be applied to market-risk problems to overcome classic problems associated with statistical models.

Download or read book Valuation of Foreign Currency Options with the Paretian Stable Option Pricing Model written by Stanley J. Hales and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Option writers, purchasers and traders require accurate information regarding the prices of options written on an underlying asset. Unfortunately, many option pricing models, including the familiar Black-Scholes (BS) model, undervalue options which exhibit a low probability of exercise. Many of the models also systematically misprice options over time, and over a range of exercise prices on any given day. One possible explanation for the mispricing arises from the BS assumption of a log-normally distributed underlying asset price. Since historic foreign exchange prices are typically leptokurtic and perhaps skewed, accounting for this fact with the log-stable Paretian distribution may reduce option pricing biases relative to the BS model. This paper applies McCulloch's (1996) log-stable option pricing model to a sample of German mark and Japanese yen futures options traded on the Chicago Mercantile Exchange. The stable model generalizes the distributional assumptions underlying Gaussian foreign currency models such as BS by characterizing the underlying asset price distribution with three parameters that measure kurtosis, skewness and scale rather than one that measures volatility. Because the log-stable model nests the BS model, a direct comparison of pricing errors and systematic biases is performed. The numerical calculations indicate that the implicit distribution of the underlying futures prices for both the German mark and Japanese yen are significantly leptokurtic and occasionally skewed over the 1985-1995 sample period. Furthermore, the log-stable model, when leptokurtic and possibly skewed, significantly reduces in-sample absolute and percentage pricing errors, the root mean squared pricing error, and attenuates the systematic pricing bias of the 'volatility smile' across strike prices relative to the BS model for both currencies. The improvement is particularly significant for the difficult-to-price, far out-of-the-money options. While the out-of-sample pricing errors for near-the-money and in-the-money options are not significantly different between the BS and the general stable model, out-of-sample average pricing errors are reduced for far out-of-the money options.

Download or read book Option Pricing written by Robert A. Jarrow and published by McGraw-Hill/Irwin. This book was released on 1983 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Option Pricing Interest Rates and Risk Management written by Elyès Jouini and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2001 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 2001 handbook surveys the state of practice, method and understanding in the field of mathematical finance. Every chapter has been written by leading researchers and each starts by briefly surveying the existing results for a given topic, then discusses more recent results and, finally, points out open problems with an indication of what needs to be done in order to solve them. The primary audiences for the book are doctoral students, researchers and practitioners who already have some basic knowledge of mathematical finance. In sum, this is a comprehensive reference work for mathematical finance and will be indispensable to readers who need to find a quick introduction or reference to a specific topic, leading all the way to cutting edge material.

Download or read book Option Theory with Stochastic Analysis written by Fred Espen Benth and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2003-11-26 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a very basic and accessible introduction to option pricing, invoking a minimum of stochastic analysis and requiring only basic mathematical skills. It covers the theory essential to the statistical modeling of stocks, pricing of derivatives with martingale theory, and computational finance including both finite-difference and Monte Carlo methods.

Download or read book The Distribution of Individual Stock Returns in a Modified Black scholes Option Pricing Model written by Daniel Lee Richey and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 115 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Author's abstract: There have been many attempts to find a model that can accurately price options. These models are built on many assumptions, including which probability distribution stock returns follow. In this paper, we test several distributions to see which best fit the log returns of 20 different companies over a period between November 1, 2006 to October 31, 2011. If a "best" distribution is found, a modified Black-Scholes model will be defined by modifying the Weiner process. We use Monte Carlo simulations to generate estimated prices under specified parameters, and compare these prices to those simulated by the model using the Weiner process. It was found the Student-t distribution did a better job at modeling the larger time intervals and the 3-parameter lognormal did a better job at modeling the smaller time intervals. We were not able to make any definite conclusion due to the cost of purchasing historical option data.

Download or read book Estimation of Generalized Diffusions from Option Prices written by Gurupdesh S. Pandher and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper develops option-based estimators of the diffusion using the Estimating Function approach. The resulting estimators have a generic structure that applies to a wide class of state-time separable diffusions found in option pricing models. Our methodology differs from the related literature in a number of ways. First, inferences regarding the diffusion are made jointly from option and asset prices and Estimating Function theory identifies the optimal estimating equation for the estimators. Second, the method is distribution-free in the sense that estimation of the diffusion's transition density is not required. Lastly, the proposed option diffusion estimators are robust to distributional assumptions on the underlying asset prices (e.g. log-normality) as their asymptotic convergence and normality is established under conditional first and second moment assumptions.Monte-Carlo analysis verifies the accuracy and efficiency of the option diffusion estimators and resolves important sample design issues. Applications of the proposed option diffusion estimators to empirical option pricing, quantifying divergence between option and asset prices, and investment strategies are discussed.

Download or read book The Volatility Surface written by Jim Gatheral and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-03-10 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Praise for The Volatility Surface "I'm thrilled by the appearance of Jim Gatheral's new book The Volatility Surface. The literature on stochastic volatility is vast, but difficult to penetrate and use. Gatheral's book, by contrast, is accessible and practical. It successfully charts a middle ground between specific examples and general models--achieving remarkable clarity without giving up sophistication, depth, or breadth." --Robert V. Kohn, Professor of Mathematics and Chair, Mathematical Finance Committee, Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University "Concise yet comprehensive, equally attentive to both theory and phenomena, this book provides an unsurpassed account of the peculiarities of the implied volatility surface, its consequences for pricing and hedging, and the theories that struggle to explain it." --Emanuel Derman, author of My Life as a Quant "Jim Gatheral is the wiliest practitioner in the business. This very fine book is an outgrowth of the lecture notes prepared for one of the most popular classes at NYU's esteemed Courant Institute. The topics covered are at the forefront of research in mathematical finance and the author's treatment of them is simply the best available in this form." --Peter Carr, PhD, head of Quantitative Financial Research, Bloomberg LP Director of the Masters Program in Mathematical Finance, New York University "Jim Gatheral is an acknowledged master of advanced modeling for derivatives. In The Volatility Surface he reveals the secrets of dealing with the most important but most elusive of financial quantities, volatility." --Paul Wilmott, author and mathematician "As a teacher in the field of mathematical finance, I welcome Jim Gatheral's book as a significant development. Written by a Wall Street practitioner with extensive market and teaching experience, The Volatility Surface gives students access to a level of knowledge on derivatives which was not previously available. I strongly recommend it." --Marco Avellaneda, Director, Division of Mathematical Finance Courant Institute, New York University "Jim Gatheral could not have written a better book." --Bruno Dupire, winner of the 2006 Wilmott Cutting Edge Research Award Quantitative Research, Bloomberg LP

Download or read book Option Pricing written by Menachem Brenner and published by Free Press. This book was released on 1983 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: