Download or read book Distribution of Select Trace Elements in Pelitic Metamorphic Rocks Pressure Temperature Mineral Assemblage and Reaction history Controls written by Joseph M. Pyle and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Phosphates written by Matthew J. Kohn and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2018-12-17 with total page 764 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume 48 of Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry represents the work of many authors whose research illustrates how the unique chemical and physical behavior of phosphate minerals permits a wide range of applications that encompasses phosphate mineralogy, petrology, biomineralization, geochronology, and materials science. While diverse, these fields are all linked structurally, crystal-chemically and geochemically. As geoscientists turn their attention to the intersection of the biological, geological, and material science realms, there is no group of compounds more germane than the phosphates.
Download or read book Indian Journal of Geochemistry written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book American Doctoral Dissertations written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 776 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 784 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Trace Elements in Magmas written by Denis M. Shaw and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2006-03-09 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book brings together the essential theory required to understand the behaviour of trace elements in magmas and magma-derived rocks.
Download or read book Metamorphic Phase Equilibria and Pressure temperature time Paths written by Frank S. Spear and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 830 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Trace Elements in Igneous Petrology written by C.J. Allègre and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trace Elements in Igneous Petrology, 5: Developments in Petrology: A Volume in Memory of Paul W. Gast focuses on the contributions and influence of Gast in petrology, including crystallization, magmatic processes, isotopic composition, and ocean ridge basalt chemistry. The selection first takes a look at quantitative models of trace element behavior in magmatic processes; application of trace elements to the petrogenesis of igneous rocks of granitic composition; and an assessment of local and regional isotopic equilibrium in the mantle. Discussions focus on evidence derived from time constraints, scale of isotopic disequilibrium, fractional crystallization, trace element modeling, geodynamics and tectonic setting, partition coefficients, quantitative models for trace elements, and parameter determination and inverse-problem solution. The publication then examines the isotopic composition of lead in oceanic basalt and its implication to mantle evolution; strontium isotopes in basalts from the Pacific Ocean basin; and trace elements in ocean ridge basalts. Concerns cover variations in ocean ridge basalt chemistry, trace elements in ocean ridge basalts, disequilibrium partial melting, seawater alteration, background for lead isotope tracer studies, and uranium, thorium, and lead concentrations in basalts. The book examines trace elements and anorthosite genesis, lead isotopes in Archaean plutonic rocks, early Archaean rocks and geochemical evolution of the earth's crust, and factors controlling the noble gas abundance patterns of deep-sea basalts. The selection is a valuable source of data for researchers interested in petrology.
Download or read book Linkages and Feedbacks in Orogenic Systems written by Richard D. Law and published by Geological Society of America. This book was released on 2017-09-11 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dedicated to Bob Hatcher, this Memoir explores linkages between tectonic processes through a series of field-, numerical- and laboratory-based studies, concentrating on feedback mechanisms within ancient and evolving orogens by which individual or linked tectonic processes may influence or predetermine the operation of other processes in space and time. Case studies cover a wide range of ancient to modern orogens: the Svecofennian of southern Finland, the Gyeonggi Massif of Korea, the Caledonides of northern Scotland, the Variscan of the East European craton, the Appalachians of the eastern United States, the European Alps and Dinarides, north Cascades of the northwestern United States, and the Himalaya. Emphasis is placed on integration between data sets developed from a wide range of analytical approaches, including: field mapping, seismic reflection profiling, strain analyses, petrology, isotopic dating, and numerical modeling-based studies of thermal evolution associated with tectonic processes such as thrust-related burial and exhumation.
Download or read book The Pyrite Trace Element Paleo Ocean Chemistry Proxy written by Daniel D. Gregory and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-12-24 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of the trace element content of sedimentary pyrite as a proxy for the trace element composition of past oceans has recently emerged. The pyrite proxy has several potential advantages over bulk sample analysis: preservation through metamorphism; little dilution during analysis (samples are ablated not dissolved, allowing for the less abundant elements commonly held in the sulfide fraction to be investigated as proxies); accurate measurement of several elements simultaneously; the ability to screen sediments for hydrothermal overprint; and the technique can give information regarding trace element availably at multiple stages of diagenesis. Because of these multiple strengths, the pyrite trace element proxy is a valuable potential addition to the paleo-ocean chemistry tool kit.
Download or read book Trace Element Partioning Between Coexisting Metamorphic Minerals and Trace Element Zoning in Metamorphic Minerals from Gagnon Terrane Western Labrador written by Panseok Yang and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Because of their wide-range in chemical properties, trace element partitioning and zoning in metamorphic systems provides valuable information on various metamorphic processes which are not recorded or preserved by major elements. Trace element partitioning between coexisting minerals and major and trace element zoning patterns were investigated using an electron microprobe and a laser ablation microprobe - inductively coupled plasma - mass spectrometry for pelites in Gagnon terrane, western Labrador. -- Large variations in the partitioning of Sc and Cr between coexisting garnet and biotite indicate lost or modification of equilibrium compositions by garnet resorption and disquilibrium, respectively. Crystal lattice strain of garnet controls trace element partitioning, so that the distribution of elements occupying each cation site in the garnet structure shows parabolic relations with ionic radius. Sc and Ti partitioning are controlled by Al contents in biotite and Ca in garnet, respectively. Weak to moderate thermal dependence of Co, Zn and Zr partitioning maybe related to increases in thermal expansivities with metamorphic grade. -- Similar to garnet and biotite pairs, trace element partitioning between biotite and muscovite shows controls of crystal lattice strain. The distributions of Li, Sc, Sr and Ba show dependence on both temperature and major element compositions. V and Zr partitioning is moderately dependent on temperature. -- For garnets with spiral internal fabrics, growth zoning for some major and trace elements exhibits a spiral pattern (spiral zoning), implying that incorporation of these elements was mainly restricted to discrete growth regions of the crystal at any one time. Low amphibolite-facies garnets show Cr zoning parallel to foliation, indicating that the garnet overprinted a matrix fabric with a heterogeneous Cr distribution during growth (overprint zoning). In contrast, in mid/upper amphibolite-facies garnet porphyroblasts, Cr zoning becomes concentric, indicating an enhanced diffusion rate. -- Various Mn concentrations in the same annulus from garnet porphyroblasts in a thin-section suggests that Mn did not achieve thin-section scale equilibrium during the annulus formation, raising questions concerning the use of Mn concentration as a time marker. The origins of Y-annuli are suggested in this study: (1) Y-annuli produced by garnet resorption and regrowth characterized by an irregular and discontinuous annulus with a steeper slope on the inner side of the annulus, (2) Y-annuli produced by discontinuous breakdown of Y- and REE-rich minerals characterized by euhedral annuli and (3) Y-annuli produced by changes in garnet growth speed. Trace minerals responsible for the formation of Y-annuli are identified using REE ratios on small intervals on the annuli. -- Phosphorus and Y concentrations in garnet and apatite coexisting with apatite and xenotime, respectively, vary systematically with metamorphic grade. This study demonstrate that trace element zoning combined with partitioning data provides valuable information on P-T, reaction histories, scale of equilibrium and kinetics.
Download or read book Assessment and Implications of dis equilibrium in Metamorphic Rocks written by Alicia Cruz-uribe and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ability to quantify the rates at which metamorphic reactions occur is critical to assessing the extent to which equilibrium is achieved and maintained in a variety of dynamic settings. Here I investigate the kinetics of rutile replacement by titanite during amphibolite-facies overprinting of eclogite, garnet amphibolite and anorthosite from Catalina Island, CA, the Tromsø Nappe, Norway, the North Qaidam terrane, China, and the Guichicovi Complex, Mexico. Trace element concentration profiles across rutile rimmed by titanite, as determined by laser ablation (LA) ICP-MS, reveal Nb zoning in rutile that are interpreted to be the result of Nb back-diffusion from the rutile-titanite boundary. I present new field-based reaction rates calculated from grain boundary velocities, which in turn were calculated using a 1-D diffusion model for Nb back-diffusion into rutile during titanite replacement over the temperature range 670--770 °C. These data are consistent with or slightly faster than previous estimates of regional metamorphic reaction rates, and extend the temperature and composition range over which regional metamorphic reaction rates are known. Further investigation of the kinetics of all metamorphic reactions reveals a strong correlation between heating rate (dT/dt) and net reaction rate for regional, contact, and subduction zone metamorphic settings. This relationship is used to formulate a new expression relating net reaction rate (Rnet) temperature (T) and heating rate (dT/dt):Rnet=(4.24*10^-11)*((dT/dt)^1.25)*exp(0.00668T)This expression provides a universal prediction of metamorphic reaction kinetics at the tectonic scale and accounts for the 4-7 orders of magnitude range in metamorphic reaction rates observed in natural systems. Based on this analysis, the dynamic nature of subduction zones (high dT/dt) may result in conditions that are far from equilibrium (large [delta]Grxn), which drives faster reaction rates in these systems. Examination of the relative abundances of trace elements in rutile and titanite reveal striking differences between high temperature (amphibolite-facies) and low temperature (blueschist-facies) overprinting. I find that trace element distributions approach equilibrium partition coefficients in rocks from amphibolite-facies overprinted terranes, whereas trace element distributions did not approach equilibrium in rocks that experienced blueschist-facies overprinting. Calculated Zr-in-titanite temperatures for amphibolite-facies overprinted rocks are consistent with those reported in the literature, while Zr-in-titanite temperatures for blueschist-facies overprinting consistently overestimate temperature by 50-250 °C, suggesting that Zr does not approach equilibrium distributions during blueschist-facies overprinting. I conclude that single phase thermometers that rely upon slow-diffusing high field strength elements should not be applied to rocks equilibrated at
Download or read book Petrochronology written by Matthew J. Kohn and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2019-11-05 with total page 596 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Petrochronology is a rapidly emerging branch of Earth science that links time (ages or rates) with specific rock-forming processes and their physical conditions. It is founded in petrology and geochemistry, which define a petrogenetic context or delimit a specific process, to which chronometric data are then linked. This combination informs Earth’s petrogenetic processes better than petrology or geochronology alone. This volume and the accompanying short courses address three broad categories of inquiry. Conceptual approaches chapters include petrologic modeling of multi-component chemical and mineralogic systems, and development of methods that include diffusive alteration of mineral chemistry. Methods chapters address four main analytical techniques, specifically EPMA, LA-ICP-MS, SIMS and TIMS. Mineral-specific chapters explore applications to a wide range of minerals, including zircon (metamorphic, igneous, and detrital/Hadean), baddeleyite, REE minerals (monazite, allanite, xenotime and apatite), titanite, rutile, garnet, and major igneous minerals (olivine, plagioclase and pyroxenes). These applications mainly focus on metamorphic, igneous, or tectonic processes, but additionally elucidate fundamental transdisciplinary progress in addressing mechanisms of crystal growth, the chemical consequences of mineral growth kinetics, and how chemical transport and deformation affect chemically complex mineral composites. Most chapters further recommend areas of future research.
Download or read book U S National Report to International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics 1979 1982 written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Trace Element Mineral Analysis in High Pressure Metamorphic Rocks from Trescolmen Central Alps written by Thomas Zack and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Petrogenesis of Metamorphic Rocks written by Kurt Bucher and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metamorphic rocks are one of the three classes of rocks. Seen on a global scale they constitute the dominant material of the Earth. The understanding of the petrogenesis and significance of metamorphic of geological education. rocks is, therefore, a fundamental topic There are, of course, many different possible ways to lecture on this theme. This book addresses rock metamorphism from a relatively pragmatic view point. It has been written for the senior undergrad uate or graduate student who needs practical knowledge of how to interpret various groups of minerals found in metamorphic rocks. The book is also of interest for the non-specialist and non-petrolo gist professional who is interested in learning more about the geolo gical messages that metamorphic mineral assemblages are sending, as well as pressure and temperature conditions of formation. The book is organized into two parts. The first part introduces the different types of metamorphism, defines some names, terms and graphs used to describe metamorphic rocks, and discusses principal aspects of metamorphic processes. Part I introduces the causes of metamorphism on various scales in time and space, and some principles of chemical reactions in rocks that accompany metamorphism, but without treating these principles in detail, and presenting the thermodynamic basis for quantitative analysis of reactions and their equilibria in metamorphism. Part I also presents concepts of metamorphic grade or intensity of metamorphism, such as the metamorphic-facies concept.
Download or read book DISTRIBUTION OF SELECTED TRACE ELEMENTS IN ROCKS written by and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
