Download or read book Distribution and Storage Problems with Diesel Fuels written by W. P. Lakin and published by . This book was released on 1954 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Last year over 6 billion gallons of diesel fuel were required to satisfy the domestic United States demand. It is estimated that at least 8 million separate product movements were required to get this fuel into the tanks of the ultimate consumers. In fact, the actual number of product movements is probably much higher. For example, in many cases heating oils and diesel fuels are identical products and move through the same distribution systems. Heating oil sales amount to about 15 billion gallons and certainly require at least an additional 15 million product deliveries. These estimates point up the complexity of the problem of distributing diesel fuels. In some cases where the system is relatively straightforward, the fuel is carried in large volume carriers, railroad tank cars, or tank wagons directly from the refinery to the supply tanks of the consumer. In many other cases, the initial delivery is made by tank ship to a marine terminal; from this terminal the fuel is carried by tank car or tank wagon to a bulk plant; from the bulk plant the fuel is transported to service stations; and from the service stations it is sold in small quantities for use on the road. All of these shipments and product movements must be handled in such a way as to minimize inventories, and also to minimize the number of tanks and the number of pieces of mobile equipment required. The optimum choice must be made between two types of systems: (1) delivery of large volumes requiring large-scale tankage and long hauls, and (2) a large number of shorthaul deliveries of small volumes into smaller scale tankage. Furthermore, it is not a case of handling one single product but a multiplicity of products. Generally, at least two or three diesel fuels are involved, and in many cases a separate delivery system for heating oil is also required. This vast number of product movements and the number of times that each product is handled are of great importance, since diesel fuels have very limited tolerance as regards contamination. Everyone is thoroughly familiar with the fact that dirt or abrasive materials of all types must be excluded from diesel fuel oil. However, not as much thought has been given to the fact that there are many other types of contamination which can adversely affect the performance of diesel fuels. These contaminants include water, gasoline, other fuel oils, in fact almost anything else. Unfortunately, a great many people take all too seriously statements regarding the diesel engine's ability to burn "anything that can be pumped." They do not realize that this statement is figurative rather than literal, as far as the vast majority of diesel equipment is concerned.
Download or read book Fuel Distribution and Storage written by United States. Army. Office of the Chief of Engineers and published by . This book was released on 1947 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Storage Stability of Fuels written by Krzysztof Biernat and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2015-02-04 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents an analysis of the results of studies of motor fuels ageing, conducted in laboratory and model conditions, in terms of building a system operating on-line, allowing continuous assessment of the operational usability of gasoline and diesel fuels, including those containing the addition of ethanol and FAME, respectively. This research was carried out in the framework of the project: "A system for the continuous control of the degree and rate of the liquid fuels ageing process during storage, which received co-funding from the European Regional Development Fund under the Operational Programme "Innovative Economy". The book presents an evaluation of the impact of fuel production processes on its stability and an analysis of changes in normative parameters of fuels during their storage and use. The book presents also the results of tests on the corrosive effects of fuels during storage processes. This project was co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund under the Operational Programme "Innovative Economy".
Download or read book Ultra Clean Diesel Fuel written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diesel engines have potential for use in a large number of future vehicles in the US. However, to achieve this potential, proponents of diesel engine technologies must solve diesel's pollution problems, including objectionable levels of emissions of particulates and oxides of nitrogen. To meet emissions reduction goals, diesel fuel quality improvements could enable diesel engines with advanced aftertreatment systems to achieve the necessary emissions performance. The diesel fuel would most likely have to be reformulated to be as clean as low sulfur gasoline. This report examines the small- and large-market extremes for introduction of ultra-clean diesel fuel in the US and concludes that petroleum refinery and distribution systems could produce adequate low sulfur blendstocks to satisfy small markets for low sulfur (30 parts per million) light duty diesel fuel, and deliver that fuel to retail consumers with only modest changes. Initially, there could be poor economic returns on under-utilized infrastructure investments. Subsequent growth in the diesel fuel market could be inconsistent with U.S. refinery configurations and economics. As diesel fuel volumes grow, the manufacturing cost may increase, depending upon how hydrodesulfurization technologies develop, whether significantly greater volumes of the diesel pool have to be desulfurized, to what degree other properties like aromatic levels have to be changed, and whether competitive fuel production technologies become economic. Low sulfur (10 parts per million) and low aromatics (10 volume percent) diesel fuel for the total market could require desulfurization, dearomatization, and hydrogen production investments amounting to a third of current refinery market value. The refinery capital cost component alone would be 3 cents per gallon of diesel fuel. Outside of refineries, the gas-to-liquids (GTL) plant investment cost would be 3 to 6 cents per gallon. With total projected investments of $11.8 billion (6 to 9 cents per gallon) for the U.S. Gulf Coast alone, financing, engineering, and construction and material availability are major issues that must be addressed, for both refinery and GTL investments.
Download or read book Fuel Distribution Networks written by Adam Strozek and published by diplom.de. This book was released on 2009-10-08 with total page 89 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inhaltsangabe:Introduction: Transport is a key factor in modern economies. There are an estimated 31.5 million road goods vehicles running on Europe s motorways each year, which are coping with a steadily increasing amount of goods transported. Although these vehicles are crucial to guarantee the ubiquitous goods availability we are used to, and to assure the flexibility of European industry, they are also part of mankind s most pressing current problems. For instance, the emission of greenhouse gases, i.e. carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (NO2), hydrofluorocarbons (HFC), perfluorocarbons (PFC) and sulphur hexafluoride (SF6), due to fuel combustion in goods transport constitutes about 20 per cent of overall greenhouse gas emission and is only outnumbered by emissions of the energy industry. Overall decrease of these contaminants shall be, of course, one of the main objectives in the long-term, but in particular within urban agglomerations it is also of great interest to decrease local emission levels as a first sep. Changing over to less carbon-intensive fuels can reduce local carbon dioxide and other emissions, even if the well-to-wheel emission level does not improve notably. Apart from the emission problem, nearly 99% of the overall fuel consumption in transport is provided by fossil fuels and therefore competing for the finite crude oil resources with other industries, in particular the energy industry. There are many different forecasts of how long world s oil reserves will last, but independently of these estimations it is undeniable that they will end sometime. Hence, it is the second vital transport-related challenge to make it independent from fossil energy resources by developing and introducing renewable fuels, complying technologies to run them and a reliable infrastructure to distribute them. Although there are still many problems to solve regarding technical issues, many viable solutions for running vehicles by other means than diesel and gasoline are already available. However, the biggest problem seems to be the distribution. Since vehicles and fueling infrastructure are complementarities, most customers do not use these vehicles because they can not refill them properly, and fuel companies do not introduce new fuel stations due to a lack of customers, that would use them. Consequently the main challenge currently is to break through this chicken-egg problem and build up a fuel distribution network, which [...]
Download or read book Assessing Opportunities for Alternative Fuel Distribution Programs written by Bruno Miller and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 2013 with total page 127 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "TRB's Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP) Report 83: Assessing Opportunities for Alternative Fuel Distribution Programs consists of a guidebook and toolkit designed to help airports introduce and market alternative fuels to their airport community that includes tenants and consumers off airport. Alternative fuels considered include alternative jet fuel, green diesel, biodiesel, ethanol, compressed natural gas (CNG), liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), and electricity. The guidebook includes a step-by-step process to evaluate opportunities and constraints for alternative fuel distribution programs."--Publisher's description.
Download or read book Report of the Diesel Fuel Task Force written by California. Diesel Fuel Task Force and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Powering the U S Army of the Future written by National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine and published by . This book was released on 2022-03-09 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At the request of the Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Army for Research and Technology, Powering the U.S. Army of the Future examines the U.S. Army's future power requirements for sustaining a multi-domain operational conflict and considers to what extent emerging power generation and transmission technologies can achieve the Army's operational power requirements in 2035. The study was based on one operational usage case identified by the Army as part of its ongoing efforts in multi-domain operations. The recommendations contained in this report are meant to help inform the Army's investment priorities in technologies to help ensure that the power requirements of the Army's future capability needs are achieved.
Download or read book Petroleum Products Handbook written by Virgil B. Guthrie and published by . This book was released on 1960 with total page 870 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Storage Distribution and Dispensing of Aircraft and Automotive Fuels written by and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Potential Health and Safety Impacts from Distribution and Storage of Alcohol Fuels written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This assessment includes three major sections. Section 1 is a synopsis of literature on the health and safety aspects of neat alcohols, alcohol-gasoline blends, and typical gasoline. Section 2 identifies the toxic properties of each fuel type and describes existing standards and regulations and suggests provisions for establishing others. Section 3 analyzes the major safety and health risks that would result from the increased use of each type of alcohol fuel. Potential accidents are described and their probable impacts on occupational and public populations are determined. An attempt was made to distill the important health and safety issues and to define gaps in our knowledge regarding alcohol fuels to highlight the further research needed to circumvent potential helth and safety problems.
Download or read book Petroleum Refining Vol written by Jean-Pierre Wauquier and published by Editions OPHRYS. This book was released on with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this first volume, the reader will find, collected and condensed, the information needed to characterize, analyze, and evaluate crude oils from different origins and their corresponding petroleum cuts as well. The characteristics and specifications of all the petroleum products along with their simplified process flowsheets are reviewed.Contents: 1. Composition of crude oils and petroleum products. 2. Fractionation and elemental analysis of crude oils and petroleum cuts. 3. Characterization of crude oils and petroleum fractions. 4. Methods for the calculation of hydrocarbon physical properties. 5. Characteristics of petroleum products for energy use (motor fuels - heating fuels). 6. Characteristics of non-fuel petroleum products. 7. Standards and specifications of petroleum products. 8. Evaluation of crude oils. 9. Additives for motor fuels and lubricants. 10. Introduction to refining. Appendices: Principal characteristics of pure components. Principal standard test methods for petroleum products. References. Index.
Download or read book Army Logistician written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Technical Problems Associated with Diesel Fuels in Railroad Operations written by R. W. Seniff and published by . This book was released on 1954 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The economics of diesel fuels is not primarily a subject for discussion in ASTM. Nevertheless, it is wise to remember during this discussion that the railroads want the lowest net cost per horsepower hour at the drawbar. All their technical problems revolve around that basic objective. The remainder of the discussion will be confined strictly to technical problems--which are really economic ones--in the hope that necessity will lead to the correct answers. So far as cetane number is concerned, it appears that railroad diesels have no serious objection to numbers down to 40 and have no particular preference for numbers above 50. There was a time a few years ago when practically all railroads specified a minimum of 50 cetane, and some still do. To maintain this minimum appears to be more difficult technically for some refineries than for others. To reduce it increases the technical problems of the user. He must watch his engine maintenance and performance and the fuel in storage much more closely, or take a chance with trouble where lower cetane number fuel is used. This situation probably does not stem directly from lower cetane number, but rather from the fact that most fuels having the lower numbers are not too uniform in other characteristics--stability in storage or at the injector, cleanliness, wax, and water cloud, for example--nor is enough known about their so-called compatibility characteristic. Since it appears easier technically for some refiners to produce lower than 50 cetane fuel, it should logically follow that a portion of this "ease" should be passed on to the user in order to establish some incentive--technical or otherwise--for him to use it. If there is no inducement for him to use the lower cetane fuels, then certainly he should not use them.
Download or read book ASTM Standards on Petroleum Products and Lubricants with Related Information written by and published by . This book was released on 1959 with total page 1266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Diesel and Home Heating Oil written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Government Operations. Environment, Energy, and Natural Resources Subcommittee and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Problems with Distribution of Oil from the Strategic Petroleum Reserve written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Government Operations. Environment, Energy, and Natural Resources Subcommittee and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
