Download or read book Dissolved Organic Carbon Dynamics in a Small Stream written by Carole-Jay Ciaio and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Studies the relationship between flow rate and Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) in Chillisquaque Creek ("a weak positive relationship") and that between rainstorms, flow rate and DOC (significant).
Download or read book Dissolved Organic Carbon Dynamics During the Snowmelt Period in a Small Urban Watershed written by Jaclyn L. O'Riley and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Dissolved Organic Carbon Dynamics in Tallgrass Prairie Streams written by Sophie Alexandra Higgs and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contrary to the previous notion that a stream acts primarily as the transporter of materials from land to oceans, research has shown that in-stream processing of organic matter and nutrients is significant and relevant at a global scale. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is the most abundant form of organic carbon in streams and has been demonstrated as an important source of energy supporting stream food webs. Understanding the dynamics of DOC in streams is, therefore, important in determining the contribution of flowing waters to global carbon storage and release. However, DOC exists as many different compounds, varying in source, composition, and quality. The composition of DOC that ends up in streams is partly controlled by the surrounding watershed, and landscape effects on DOC quality and quantity in streams have been observed. In the North American Tallgrass prairie, woody encroachment has led to changes in riparian vegetation, potentially altering the DOC received by the stream, and making it important to understand rates of DOC transformation as landscape alterations continue. The heterogeneity of the DOC pool makes it difficult to fully describe its components and to measure transformation rates. DOC uptake, or biological use, has been estimated through several methods including in-stream additions of various DOC sources and bottle incubations of stream water and sediments. One problem with addition methods for calculating uptake is that the DOC pool is difficult to replicate and additions of simple compounds or organic leachates do not represent total dissolved organic carbon (TDOC) dynamics. Another potential issue is that additions of a labile compound could potentially alter microbial activity through a priming effect and therefore distort ambient DOC uptake estimates. Finally, uptake parameters are mostly calculated assuming benthic uptake while recent studies have shown that planktonic uptake of DOC can also be significant. We conducted this study with these three considerations in mind. In the first chapter, we describe our use of in situ additions of glucose and bur oak leaf leachate in prairie stream reaches and concentrations of specific components to determine uptake dynamics of various specific DOC components, from a simple sugar to more complex plant compounds. We calculated uptake parameters of glucose and two different oak leaf components. We found that using glucose concentrations rather than TDOC concentrations, as has been done in previous studies, to measure uptake parameters resulted in higher uptake rates, indicating the importance of measuring the specific component added. Through leaf leachate additions, we found that an amino acid like component was consistently taken up faster than a humic-like component. The second chapter addresses the questions of uptake location and priming through a series of recirculating chamber incubations. We found that benthic uptake of leaf leachate was more important than that in the water column. Finally, elevated uptake of one leaf leachate component in the presence of glucose indicated a priming effect on microbial DOC uptake.
Download or read book Dissolved Organic Carbon Dynamics in Lakes and Streams in Northern Wisconsin written by Vanessa Czeszynski and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is naturally occurring; however, various aspects of global climate change are increasing anthropogenic DOC in freshwater systems. Here we focus on lakes and streams in the Northern Lakes and Forests region of Wisconsin. This study aimed to 1) determine DOC concentration and composition in these systems, 2) compare DOC dynamics between system types and each month sampled, and 3) determine if relationships exist between DOC and nutrient quantities and microbial community production. This study found that DOC ranged from 2.62 - 61.35 mg/L, with no differences in DOC concentrations between the system types or months sampled. However, DOC composition differed greatly between system type and months, with lakes having more autochthonous carbon and streams having more allochthonous carbon (p
Download or read book Biogeochemistry of Marine Dissolved Organic Matter written by Dennis A. Hansell and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-10-02 with total page 712 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Marine dissolved organic matter (DOM) is a complex mixture of molecules found throughout the world's oceans. It plays a key role in the export, distribution, and sequestration of carbon in the oceanic water column, posited to be a source of atmospheric climate regulation. Biogeochemistry of Marine Dissolved Organic Matter, Second Edition, focuses on the chemical constituents of DOM and its biogeochemical, biological, and ecological significance in the global ocean, and provides a single, unique source for the references, information, and informed judgments of the community of marine biogeochemists. Presented by some of the world's leading scientists, this revised edition reports on the major advances in this area and includes new chapters covering the role of DOM in ancient ocean carbon cycles, the long term stability of marine DOM, the biophysical dynamics of DOM, fluvial DOM qualities and fate, and the Mediterranean Sea. Biogeochemistry of Marine Dissolved Organic Matter, Second Edition, is an extremely useful resource that helps people interested in the largest pool of active carbon on the planet (DOC) get a firm grounding on the general paradigms and many of the relevant references on this topic. Features up-to-date knowledge of DOM, including five new chapters The only published work to synthesize recent research on dissolved organic carbon in the Mediterranean Sea Includes chapters that address inputs from freshwater terrestrial DOM
Download or read book Dissolved Organic Carbon Dynamics in the Upper Hudson River Basin written by Jennifer A. Vaughn and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Aquatic Ecosystems Interactivity of Dissolved Organic Matter written by Stuart Findlay and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2003 with total page 534 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Overviews of the source, supply and variability of DOM, surveys of the processes that mediate inputs to microbial food webs, and syntheses consolidating research findings provide a comprehensive review of what is known of DOM in freshwater. This book will be important to anyone interested in understanding the fundamental factors associated with DOM that control aquatic ecosystems."--BOOK JACKET.
Download or read book Stream Ecosystems in a Changing Environment written by Jeremy B. Jones and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2016-07-07 with total page 566 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stream Ecosystems in a Changing Environment synthesizes the current understanding of stream ecosystem ecology, emphasizing nutrient cycling and carbon dynamics, and providing a forward-looking perspective regarding the response of stream ecosystems to environmental change. Each chapter includes a section focusing on anticipated and ongoing dynamics in stream ecosystems in a changing environment, along with hypotheses regarding controls on stream ecosystem functioning. The book, with its innovative sections, provides a bridge between papers published in peer-reviewed scientific journals and the findings of researchers in new areas of study. Presents a forward-looking perspective regarding the response of stream ecosystems to environmental change Provides a synthesis of the latest findings on stream ecosystems ecology in one concise volume Includes thought exercises and discussion activities throughout, providing valuable tools for learning Offers conceptual models and hypotheses to stimulate conversation and advance research
Download or read book Aquatic Organic Matter Fluorescence written by Paula G. Coble and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-07-14 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A core text on principles, laboratory/field methodologies, and data interpretation for fluorescence applications in aquatic science, for advanced students and researchers.
Download or read book The Impact of Terrestrial Dissolved Organic Carbon on Stream Ecosystems Through an Investigation of Hydrologic Sources written by Christine McLaughlin and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Pulse of the Stream written by Catherine Grace Winters and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biotic and abiotic factors both play critical roles in the cycling of organic matter and nutrients in aquatic ecosystems. Understanding the relative control of these factors on solute fate and transport in fluvial systems is important for understanding how climatic changes can affect water quality. Many processes that control solute cycling in streams occur at sub-daily scales, making high-frequency, in situ, sub-hourly measurements important for capturing the response of dissolved organic matter and nutrients to changes in the strength of controlling processes. The tightly coupled aquatic and terrestrial environments present in headwater streams make them particularly useful systems for studying high-frequency changes in water chemistry. In this study, we examined the patterns of dissolved organic carbon, nitrate, dissolved oxygen, temperature, dissolved organic matter fluorescence, and stream discharge using in-stream measurements at sub-hourly to monthly time scales to understand the daily and seasonal controls of aquatic organic matter and nutrient processing. We also conducted a laboratory incubation to measure the effects of dissolved organic carbon and nutrient treatments on consumption of carbon and nitrogen in our system. Our main objectives were to identify: 1) the relative controls of diel biotic and abiotic processes on stream dissolved organic carbon and nitrate-N; and 2) the mechanisms controlling rapid autumnal changes in dissolved organic carbon and nitrate-N in stream runoff. We found that hydrology plays a key role in transporting solutes to a forested headwater stream in the Piedmont Region, Maryland; however, once solutes reach the stream biotic controls dominate the stream solute patterns. Biology is an important regulator of diel patterns of streamwater dissolved organic carbon and nitrate concentrations during springtime and autumn leaf fall. Diel cycling is most apparent during the spring prior to leaf out when the water temperature is increasing. Where patterns were evident, nitrate (annual average in second order stream: 17:00) and discharge (17:28) reached their minimums during the afternoon within a few hours of the peaks in dissolved oxygen (13:16), temperature (15:17), dissolved organic carbon (16:06), and dissolved organic matter fluorescence (17:23). Larger amplitudes of dissolved oxygen, nitrate, dissolved organic carbon, and dissolved organic matter fluorescence correspond with larger daily temperature changes. Laboratory incubations showed increased consumption of nitrogen in the presence of labile carbon, but not in the presence of labile carbon plus nutrients, which indicates our system is carbon limited. Autumn dissolved organic carbon and nitrate dynamics also indicate our system is carbon limited. Increased rates of leaf litter fall corresponded with increased consumption of stream nitrate leading to a late October depression, or annual minimum, in nitrate concentration. Storm events accelerated the recovery of stream nitrate to early autumn concentrations as nitrate was mobilized and transported from soils to the stream. Hydrology is important for solute transport to and export from the stream. Autotrophic activity dominates on the daily scale, while heterotrophic activity controls seasonal responses in organic matter and nutrient cycling in this forested watershed. Carbon and nitrogen dynamics have been studied in other forested systems, as well, but the controlling processes vary among these watershed. Our results highlight the importance of understanding controlling processes within specific watersheds when making large scale predictions of the potential export of carbon and nitrogen from forested systems.
Download or read book Dynamics of Dissolved Organic Matter Composition in Scottish Rivers and Headwater Streams written by Sara Trojahn and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Changes in Fluxes of Dissolved Organic Carbon DOC from Small Catchments in Central Scotland written by Catherine Louise Wearing and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) measured within water bodies have been increasing on a global scale over the last two decades. Changes in temperature and rainfall have been shown to increase the production and export of DOC from catchments with peat soils in the UK (Freeman et al., 2001). However it is not clear whether increases in DOC concentrations are caused by production increases induced by temperature changes or by a greater incidence of high flows induced by rainfall changes. Increases in both temperature and rainfall have been predicted in Scotland over the next few decades (Kerr et al., 1999) which may further increase current DOC concentrations and exports. The implications of this include both a decrease in water quality and an increase in mobility of metals in upland water bodies. The overall aim of the thesis is to determine if the relationship between dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations and discharge has changed over a 20 year period in small stream catchments in Scotland, in order to better understand the role of hydrology, in driving changes in DOC concentration. To achieve this streams draining two coniferous forest sites and one moorland site were monitored intensively between June 2004 and February 2006. Analysis of the relationship between DOC and discharge, within the catchments, identified the importance of the amount of precipitation falling on the catchment, antecedent precipitation and season, on the concentration of DOC that was measured within the stream. Models were then developed using variables to represent these drivers in terms of both the production (seasonal sine values and 14 day average temperatures) and movement (log of discharge (log Q), days since previous storm event and rising or falling stage) of DOC. In the Ochil Hills catchment, the best predictive model, used 4 hour average discharge and 1 day average 30cm soil temperatures (R2= 0.88). In the Duchray and Elrig catchments, the best predictive models produced used discharge and seasonal sine values; the strength of the model was greater in the Elrig (R2= 0.80) than the Duchray (R2= 0.48) catchment. The strength of the regression models produced highlighted the importance of precipitation in the movement of DOC to the stream and temperature variables representing production in the surrounding catchment. To determine if dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations had changed within the three study catchments, since previous research was conducted at the same sites in the early 1980s and 1990s (Grieve, 1984a; Grieve, 1994), then regression analysis conducted in the previous research was repeated, so changes in the DOC and discharge relationship could be identified. Analysis of the Ochil Hills regression equations identified higher log of discharge and lower temperature and seasonal sine values in the present study (2004-06), when compared to the previous study (1982-83). This suggests that more DOC is now available for movement from the soil, and that the difference between winter and summer DOC production has decreased, potentially because of increasing temperatures. This would explain the limited increase in DOC concentration within the Ochil Hills stream. In the Duchray and Elrig streams, a large increase in DOC was identified at all discharges when all the models produced were compared between the two sampling periods (1989-90 and 2004-06). The increasing trend in DOC concentrations is too large to have been produced by change in temperature alone and it is suggested that the measured reduction in acidic deposition has resulted in the increased DOC concentrations measured in the Duchray and Elrig. The results from this research have identified that concentrations of DOC have increased in Scottish streams over the last 20 years and that the increases in DOC have been induced, potentially by temperature changes in climate. However, changes in temperature are not the only driver of this change as the reduction in acidic deposition is potentially more important, specifically in areas with base poor geology such as the Duchray and Elrig catchments.
Download or read book Biogeochemical Dynamics at Major River Coastal Interfaces written by Thomas Bianchi and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014 with total page 673 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive, state-of-the-art synthesis of biogeochemical dynamics and the impact of human alterations at major river-coastal interfaces for advanced students and researchers.
Download or read book Stream Ecology written by J. David Allan and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-03-17 with total page 485 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stream Ecology: Structure and Function of Running Waters is designed to serve as a textbook for advanced undergraduate and graduate students, and as a reference source for specialists in stream ecology and related fields. This Third Edition is thoroughly updated and expanded to incorporate significant advances in our understanding of environmental factors, biological interactions, and ecosystem processes, and how these vary with hydrological, geomorphological, and landscape setting. The broad diversity of running waters – from torrential mountain brooks, to large, lowland rivers, to great river systems whose basins occupy sub-continents – makes river ecosystems appear overwhelming complex. A central theme of this book is that although the settings are often unique, the processes at work in running waters are general and increasingly well understood. Even as our scientific understanding of stream ecosystems rapidly advances, the pressures arising from diverse human activities continue to threaten the health of rivers worldwide. This book presents vital new findings concerning human impacts, and the advances in pollution control, flow management, restoration, and conservation planning that point to practical solutions. Reviews of the first edition: ".. an unusually lucid and judicious reassessment of the state of stream ecology" Science Magazine "..provides an excellent introduction to the area for advanced undergraduates and graduate students..." Limnology & Oceanography "... a valuable reference for all those interested in the ecology of running waters." Transactions of the American Fisheries Society Reviews of the second edition: "Overall, a must for the field centre and a good starter text in stream ecology." (TEN News, October, 2007) "Highly recommended. Upper-division undergraduates through faculty." (P. R. Pinet, CHOICE, Vol. 45 (7), 2008) "... a very good, fluidly readable book which contains the latest key scientific knowledge of the ecology of running waters." (Daniel Graeber, International Review of Hydrobiology, Vol. 94 (2), 2009)
Download or read book Nutrient Dynamics and Retention in Land Water Ecotones of Lowland Temperate Lakes and Rivers written by A. Hillbricht-Ilkowska and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ecotones, or boundary zones between land and inland waters (such as lakes, streams and rivers), are the principal routes for transport of organic matter and nutrients across landscapes via physical and biological vectors. The ecotone is the place of cumulation and transformation of in situ production as well as of allochthonous material from adjacent aquatic and terrestrial systems. The ecotype functions as an important barrier or filter for principal nutrients, such as phosphorus and nitrogen, responsible for the eutrophication and degradation of surface waters. Intensive forest cutting, agriculture, pollution and bank regulation, urbanization and hydrotechnical constructions seriously endanger the ecotone systems and damage their protective function. It is vital to develop a scientific understanding of the behaviour of phosphorus and nitrogen in these transitional boundary habitats. Such an understanding is important for the rational protection, management and restoration of ecotones connected with lakes and rivers. The importance of nutrient cycling and retention is discussed from the point of view of ecotone function, management and reconstruction in order to sustain its protective role for water bodies. Various types of land/water transitory zones are discussed: wetlands, lake littoral systems, riparian zones of rivers, streams and brooks, the contact zones between groundwater and surface waters of lakes and rivers, air--water interfaces, and patch/ecotone structures in watersheds.
Download or read book World reference base for soil resources 2014 written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2018-07-20 with total page 203 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication is a revised and updated version of World Soil Resources Reports No. 84 and 103 and presents the international soil classification system. Every soil in the world can be allocated to one of the 32 Reference Soil Groups as defined in this document, and can further be characterized by a set of qualifiers. The resulting soil name provides information on soil genesis, soil ecological function and soil properties relevant for land use and management. The same system, refined slightly, may be used to name the units of soil map legends, thereby providing comprehensive spatial information. By accommodating national soil classification systems, the World Reference Base facilitates the worldwide correlation of soil information.
