Download or read book Dissolution Kinetics of Some Phyllosilicate Minerals written by Feng-Chih Lin and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Dissolution Kinetics of Three Beryllate Minerals written by Collette Renee Zemitis and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mineral Dissolution Kinetics New Perspectives written by Victor W Truesdale and published by . This book was released on 2025-04-10 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mineral dissolution kinetics is a critically undervalued field of chemistry. It has helped explain continental weathering and landform development, informed how we maintain water supplies for agricultural and human use, been foundational to our understanding of the formation and operation of the marine environment, and served as an essential tool in the long-term storage of CO2 and radio-nuclide waste. In recent years, mineral dissolution kinetics have also become immensely important in solving the problem of the human-induced rise in tropospheric CO2, a key cause of global warming and ocean acidification.Even though mineral dissolution kinetics has long been a subject of study, unlike the progress made with other chemical systems, its fundamentals are under-developed. Mineral Dissolution Kinetics reveals how the compounding of many otherwise subtle misunderstandings has resulted in this inadequacy. It trawls through a wide cross-section of existing studies to reveal these misunderstandings and forge a new way forward. Complex subjects such as the hydrodynamics of dissolution, the thermodynamics of the aqueous carbonate system, and central omissions at the very core of homogenous kinetics are all explained clearly and simply, while still remaining at the cutting edge of the field.At its core, this book is a search for a universal rate equation for mineral dissolutions. It documents and details the journey which its authors have undertaken, and as such will appeal greatly not only to specialists and experts in all related fields, but also to novice readers seeking to learn more about this unique subject.
Download or read book Kinetics of Water Rock Interaction written by Susan Brantley and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-12-29 with total page 843 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Geochemical kinetics as a topic is now of importance to a wide range of geochemists in academia, industry, and government, and all geochemists need a rudimentary knowledge of the field. This book summarizes the fundamentals of geochemical kinetics with examples drawn especially from mineral dissolution and precipitation. It also encompasses discussion of high temperature processes and global geochemical cycle modeling. Analysis of textures of rocks, sediments, and mineral surfaces are incorporated throughout and provide a sub-theme of the book.
Download or read book The Dissolution Kinetics of Fibrous Amphibole Minerals in Water written by Subhaschandra G. Malghan and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 854 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mineral Dissolution Kinetics at the Pore Scale written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mineral dissolution rates in the field have been reported to be orders of magnitude slower than those measured in the laboratory, an unresolved discrepancy that severely limits our ability to develop scientifically defensible predictive or even interpretive models for many geochemical processes in the earth and environmental sciences. One suggestion links this discrepancy to the role of physical and chemical heterogeneities typically found in subsurface soils and aquifers in producing scale-dependent rates where concentration gradients develop. In this paper, we examine the possibility that scale-dependent mineral dissolution rates can develop even at the single pore and fracture scale, the smallest and most fundamental building block of porous media. To do so, we develop two models to analyze mineral dissolution kinetics at the single pore scale: (1) a Poiseuille Flow model that applies laboratory-measured dissolution kinetics at the pore or fracture wall and couples this to a rigorous treatment of both advective and diffusive transport, and (2) a Well-Mixed Reactor model that assumes complete mixing within the pore, while maintaining the same reactive surface area, average flow rate, and geometry as the Poiseuille Flow model. For a fracture, a 1D Plug Flow Reactor model is considered in addition to quantify the effects of longitudinal versus transverse mixing. The comparison of averaged dissolution rates under various conditions of flow, pore size, and fracture length from the three models is used as a means to quantify the extent to which concentration gradients at the single pore and fracture scale can develop and render rates scale-dependent. Three important minerals that dissolve at widely different rates, calcite, plagioclase, and iron hydroxide, are considered. The modeling indicates that rate discrepancies arise primarily where concentration gradients develop due to comparable rates of reaction and advective transport, and incomplete mixing via molecular diffusion. The magnitude of the reaction rate is important, since it is found that scaling effects (and thus rate discrepancies) are negligible at the single pore and fracture scale for plagioclase and iron hydroxide because of the slow rate at which they dissolve. In the case of calcite, where dissolution rates are rapid, scaling effects can develop at high flow rates from 0.1 cm/s to 1000 cm/s and for fracture lengths less than 1 cm. At more normal flow rates, however, mixing via molecular diffusion is effective in homogenizing the concentration field, thus eliminating any discrepancies between the Poiseuille Flow and the Well-Mixed Reactor model. This suggests that a scale dependence to mineral dissolution rates is unlikely at the single pore or fracture scale under normal geological/hydrologic conditions, implying that the discrepancy between laboratory and field rates must be attributed to other factors.
Download or read book Dissolution Kinetics of Smectite and Kaolinite written by Volker Metz and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Critical Review of Geochemical Processes and Geochemical Models Adaptable for Prediction of Acidic Drainage from Waste Rock written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mineral Hydrolysis Kinetics written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dissolution rate laws for silicate mineral weathering can be related to kinetics of ligand-exchange reactions. This relation is being tested with an experimental/analytical/theoretical program for measuring the dissolution kinetics of orthosilicate minerals for use in ionic modeling and molecular dynamics computer simulations of solid, aqueous solution, and solid/liquid interface. To date, dissolution rate have been measured for a suite of endmember and mixed-cation orthosilicate minerals (both olivine and willemite structures) as well as a few inosilicate minerals (pyroxenes). Dissolution rates appear to correlate well with solvent exchange rates around the hydrated divalent cations. Siloxane (Si-O-Si) bonds are relatively unreactive at low pH's close to zero point of neutral charge for quartz. The correlation suggests that silicic acid would be released from the reacting surfaces after protonation and hydration of bonds between divalent metals and structural oxygens; congruent dissolution is confirmed by Rutherford backscattered analysis of the near-surface of an acid-reacted forsterite. In the ionic modeling, except for liebenbergite, there is a general trend of increasing lattice energy with decreasing dissolution rate for endmember and mixed-cation orthosilicate minerals at pH 2. 3 figs, 4 refs.
Download or read book American Doctoral Dissertations written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 604 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Compilation of Solubility and Dissolution Kinetics Data on Minerals in Granitic and Gabbroic Systems written by Atomic Energy of Canada Limited and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Natural and Engineered Clay Barriers written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2015-05-14 with total page 447 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clays are used as barriers for the isolation of landfills and contaminated sites. They are envisioned as long-term storage media for hazardous materials and radioactive wastes, and as seals in the case of geological CO2 sequestration or energy storage. Clay properties greatly influence the integrity, efficiency, and safety of these applications. Natural and Engineered Clay Barriers provides a clear view of the fundamental properties of clay materials and how these properties affect their engineering applications. This volume focuses on how the mass transfer properties (hydraulic permeability, gas fluxes, molecular diffusion, semi-permeable membrane properties), geochemical reactivity (adsorption, dissolution) and mechanical properties of clay barriers at the macroscale are influenced by phenomena that occur at clay mineral - water interfaces. - Examines clay properties from the molecular to the macroscopic scale - Addresses experimental and modeling issues - Authored by experts in the properties of clay barriers
Download or read book Chemical Weathering Rates of Silicate Minerals written by Arthur F. White and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2018-12-17 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume 31 of Reviews in Mineralogy reviews current thinking on the fundamental processes that control chemical weathering of silicates, including the physical chemistry of reactions at mineral surfaces, the role of experimental design in isolating and quantifying these reactions, and the complex roles that water chemistry, hydrology, biology, and climate play in weathering of natural systems. The chapters in this volume are arranged to parallel this order of development from theoretical considerations to experimental studies to characterization of natural systems. Secondly, the book is meant to serve as a reference from which researchers can readily retrieve quantitative weathering rate data for specific minerals under detailed experimental controls or for natural weathering conditions. Toward this objective, the authors were encouraged to tabulate available weathering rate data for their specific topics. Finally this volume serves as a forum in which suggestions and speculations concerning the direction of future weathering research are discussed.
Download or read book Atomistic Simulations of the Dioctahedral 2 written by Aric George Newton and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The abundance and reactivity of 2:1 phyllosilicate minerals (e.g. mica, vermiculite, smectite, illite, and pyrophyllite) have made them a subject of much research. The permanent structural and variable edge charge that these minerals possess provides a diverse set of modes through which surface reactions occur. Surface reactions due to permanent charge occur at the basal surface or in the interlayer of the phyllosilicate sheet. These reactions are well characterized and understood at multiple length scales in geochemistry (i.e. from the angstrom to the micron scale). This understanding arises from the detailed atomic-scale description of the bulk mineral structure and the origin of the permanent charge in isomorphic substitutions within the mineral structure. Variable charge arises from acid-base reactions at the edges of the 2:1 phyllosilicates sheets. These edge surface reactions are important in the retention of ions, stabilization of soil organic matter, rheological properties and colloidal behavior of clay minerals, and the dissolution kinetics of the 2:1 phyllosilicates. Despite the importance of the edge to the reactivity and other surface properties of these minerals, an atomistic description of the edge structure is lacking. Periodic bond chain (PBC) theory identifies the dominant edges and nanoparticulate morphologies of 2:1 phyllosilicate minerals. Initial atomic structures of the 2:1 phyllosilicate edges and pyrophyllite nanoparticle defined by PBC theory were simulated using molecular dynamics (MD). The equilibrium edge structures reveal that the chemistry of the aluminum (Al) at the edge-water interface plays an important role in the inherent disorder of the 2:1 phyllosilicate edges. The edge Al atoms respond to increases in local surface charge by decreasing the number of coordinating oxygen atoms. The edge Al atoms assume four different polyhedral morphologies (i.e. octahedral, square pyramidal, trigonal bipyramidal, and tetrahedral Al polyhedra). The development of a trigonal bipyramidal Al structure indirectly creates an inverted Si tetrahedron that is consistent with a near-forgotten model of smectite structure. This non-planar and irregular structure of the mineral edge creates an interfacial water structure that is distinct from that of the 2:1 phyllosilicate basal surface. The water self-diffusion coefficient at the surface is two orders of magnitude less at the interface than in the bulk water. Monovalent cation complexes at the edge interface almost exclusively form inner-sphere surface complexes. These cationic edge surface complexes can form at any one of three non-equivalent vacancies at the 2:1 phyllosilicate edge. Dimeric surface complexes begin to form with increasing cation surface excess as the pH increases. These MD simulations of the 2:1 phyllosilicate edges, nanoparticles, and cationic edge surface complexes demonstrate the complexity of the edge surface structure and reactivity. These insights from MD simulations provide support for interpretations of experimental results that heretofore could not be tested. In addition, these results demonstrate that a high-quality set of atomic interaction parameters derived from ab initio simulations of atomic clusters can be used to predict complex mineral structures.
Download or read book Special Issue Chemical and Biological Control on Mineral Growth and Dissolution Kinetics written by American Chemical Society and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Kinetic Studies of Acid Dissolution of Montmorillonite and Kaolinite written by Roosevelt Turner and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
