Download or read book Dissecting the Mechanisms of Epigenetic Regulation in Plant Development and Stress written by Dean Michael Sanders and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The genomes of both plants and animals are under constant stress ranging from jumping genetic elements to UV irradiation. A fundamental question in the field of epigenetics is how chromatin landscapes are altered to generate adaptive responses. Epigenetic modifications allow heritable changes in the expression of a gene, without mutation of the underlying DNA sequences. My first project identified a novel epigenetic mechanism of regulating plant development involving a histone H3 mutation. Specifically, we found that a lysine-to-methionine mutation at the 36th amino acid of histone H3 (H3K36M) had a dominant negative affect on genome-wide H3K36 methylation leading to the misregulation of critical genes in the flowering and shoot branching pathways. These gene expression changes likely lead to the pleiotropic developmental defects that accompanied this mutation. Due to their sessile nature, plants are highly adaptive to the ever-changing environment. DNA methylation may contribute to adaptivity given its roles in gene expression and its heritability through meiotic generations in plants. My second project investigated the genetic, epigenetic, and physiological characteristics of a high altitude Tibetan accession of A. thaliana (Lhasa-0). Interestingly, Lhasa-0 is tolerant to multiple environmental stressors. This accession also had an uncommon frameshift mutation in the C-terminal of the chromomethylase-2 (CMT2) gene. This mutation was found to be responsible for a genome-wide reduction in CHH context DNA methylation (where H = A, T or C). Consistent with Lhasa-0's environmental tolerance, we found cmt2 mutants (Col-0 ecotype) were also tolerant to multiple stressors (UV-B, heat, and pathogen). These results suggest DNA methylation plays a role in tolerance to a broad range of stressors and inactivating CMT2 mutations may be adaptive for wild accessions. Relatedly, my third project aimed to screen DNA methylation mutants for basal thermotolerance. We found two genotypes with opposing effects on DNA methylation and thermotolerance. To elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms, we performed time course transcriptome analysis and found that heat stress pathways are extremely robust and changes in DNA methylation do not drastically alter the heat stress transcriptome. We also performed time-course tandem mass spectrometry uncovering both heat-dependent and -independent genome-wide changes in histone modifications. Collectively, these projects shed new light on how chromatin and epigenetic modifications affect plant development and stress tolerance.
Download or read book Dissecting Epigenetic Regulation in Plant Development and Biotic Stress Response written by Ray Scheid and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Organisms across all phyla are inundated with constant stress and threats. To tolerate these treats, all organisms need a robust system of gene regulation to activate or repress genes. However, genetics alone has been found to be insufficient to completely explain how cells of eukaryotic organisms are regulated. Epigenetic regulation, including histone modifications and DNA methylation, has been found to work in concert with genetics to regulate gene expression of nearly every biological process. My thesis research focused on dissecting epigenetic regulation in plant development and biotic stress response. My first project focuses on the characterization of the histone readers EBS and SHL. These paralogous histone readers exhibit bivalent affinities to the histone marks H3K27me3 and H3K4me3, which display transcriptionally opposing regulatory effects. Interestingly, EBS contains a C-terminal inhibitory loop that reduces the affinity of the reader to H3K4me3 and a binding preference to H3K27me3. However, deletion of the inhibitory loop shifted this binding preference to H3K4me3. We speculate that EBS may function as a chromatin switch that mediates the conversion of chromatin between active and repressed states. My second project focused on the development of a protocol for histone acid extraction and mass spectrometry (MS). Current protocols for histone extraction and MS are either not optimized for plant-based systems or require additional purification equipment and steps. To address the need for a high purity and yielding protocol, we developed a simple histone extraction protocol that is optimized to function in Arabidopsis. Furthermore, to decrease the time of analysis, we modified the EpiProfile program to be used in Arabidopsis. This program automates the MS peak selection and measuring tasks, saving researchers up to weeks of time compared to performing the analysis manually. My third project focuses on elucidating the effect of Pst DC3000 treatment on dynamic chromatin reprogramming in Arabidopsis. Making use of the histone-MS protocol that was developed in my second project, we found that Pst DC3000 treatment caused patterned changes to groups of histone modifications over the treatment period. We also found that H3K27me3 and H4K5ac marks play regulatory roles in early Pst DC3000 defense responses.
Download or read book New Insights into Mechanisms of Epigenetic Modifiers in Plant Growth and Development written by Ming Luo and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-02-12 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Genetics and Genomics of Rice written by Qifa Zhang and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-08-21 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive coverage of the advances in genetics and genomics research on rice. The chapters feature the latest developments in rice research and cover such topics as the tools and resources for the functional analysis of rice genes, the identification of useful genes for rice improvement, the present understanding of rice development and biological processes, and the application of this present understanding towards rice improvement. The volume also features a perspective on synthesis and prospects, laying the groundwork for future advances in rice genetics and genomics. Written by authorities in the field, Genetics and Genomics of Rice will serve as an invaluable reference for rice researchers for years to come.
Download or read book Epigenetics Development and Disease written by Tapas Kumar Kundu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-11-13 with total page 698 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Epigenetics fine-tunes the life processes dictated by DNA sequences, but also kick-starts pathophysiological processes including diabetes, AIDS and cancer. This volume tracks the latest research on epigenetics, including work on new-generation therapeutics.
Download or read book The Plant Cell Cycle written by Dirk Inzé and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-06-27 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, the study of the plant cell cycle has become of major interest, not only to scientists working on cell division sensu strictu , but also to scientists dealing with plant hormones, development and environmental effects on growth. The book The Plant Cell Cycle is a very timely contribution to this exploding field. Outstanding contributors reviewed, not only knowledge on the most important classes of cell cycle regulators, but also summarized the various processes in which cell cycle control plays a pivotal role. The central role of the cell cycle makes this book an absolute must for plant molecular biologists.
Download or read book PlantOmics The Omics of Plant Science written by Debmalya Barh and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-03-18 with total page 839 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: PlantOmics: The Omics of Plant Science provides a comprehensive account of the latest trends and developments of omics technologies or approaches and their applications in plant science. Thirty chapters written by 90 experts from 15 countries are included in this state-of-the-art book. Each chapter describes one topic/omics such as: omics in model plants, spectroscopy for plants, next generation sequencing, functional genomics, cyto-metagenomics, epigenomics, miRNAomics, proteomics, metabolomics, glycomics, lipidomics, secretomics, phenomics, cytomics, physiomics, signalomics, thiolomics, organelle omics, micro morphomics, microbiomics, cryobionomics, nanotechnology, pharmacogenomics, and computational systems biology for plants. It provides up to date information, technologies, and their applications that can be adopted and applied easily for deeper understanding plant biology and therefore will be helpful in developing the strategy for generating cost-effective superior plants for various purposes. In the last chapter, the editors have proposed several new areas in plant omics that may be explored in order to develop an integrated meta-omics strategy to ensure the world and earth’s health and related issues. This book will be a valuable resource to students and researchers in the field of cutting-edge plant omics.
Download or read book Vernalization and Flowering Time Celebrating 20 Years of FLC written by Richard Amasino and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-11-30 with total page 183 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Plant Molecular Genetics written by Monica A. Hughes and published by Prentice Hall. This book was released on 1996 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text, concisely sets out the fundamentals required by students in this rapidly growing field. Plant Molecular Genetics is split into four parts: the first deals with the structure and inheritance of plant genomes; the second with the biology of Agrobacterium tumefaciens and its use in plant transformation; the third with key topics in plant molecular biology, including nitrogen fixation, the effect of light on plant development, flowering, breeding systems and disease resistance. The final section provides an overview of plant biotechnology, including a discussion of its future prospects.
Download or read book Epigenetics written by C. David Allis and published by CSHL Press. This book was released on 2007 with total page 503 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The regulation of gene expression in many biological processes involves epigenetic mechanisms. In this new volume, 24 chapters written by experts in the field discuss epigenetic effects from many perspectives. There are chapters on the basic molecular mechanisms underpinning epigenetic regulation, discussion of cellular processes that rely on this kind of regulation, and surveys of organisms in which it has been most studied. Thus, there are chapters on histone and DNA methylation, siRNAs and gene silencing; X-chromosome inactivation, dosage compensation and imprinting; and discussion of epigenetics in microbes, plants, insects, and mammals. The last part of the book looks at how epigenetic mechanisms act in cell division and differentiation, and how errors in these pathways contribute to cancer and other human diseases. Also discussed are consequences of epigenetics in attempts to clone animals. This book is a major resource for those working in the field, as well as being a suitable text for advanced undergraduate and graduate courses on gene regulation.
Download or read book Molecular and Cellular Plant Reproduction written by and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plant reproduction is essential not only for producing offspring but also for increasing crop quality and yield. Moreover, plant reproduction entails complex growth and developmental processes, which provide a variety of opportunities for elucidating fundamental principles in biology. The combinational employment of molecular genetic approaches and emerging technologies, such as florescence-based imaging techniques and next generation sequencing, has led to important progresses in plant reproduction using model plants, crops, and trees. This e-book compiles 31 articles, including 1 hypothesis and theory, 4 perspectives, 12 reviews, and 14 original research papers. We hope that this E-book will draw attention of all plant biologists to exciting advances in the field of plant reproduction and help solve remaining challenging questions in the future. We wish to express our appreciation to all the authors, reviewers, and the Frontiers editorial office for their excellent contributions that made the publication of this e-book possible.
Download or read book Abscisic Acid in Plants written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-11-21 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abscisic Acid in Plants, Volume 92, the latest release in the Advances in Botanical Research series, is a compilation of the current state-of-the-art on the topic. Chapters in this new release comprehensively describe latest knowledge on how ABA functions as a plant hormone. They cover topics related to molecular mechanisms as well as the biochemical and chemical aspects of ABA action: hormone biosynthesis, catabolism, transport, perception, signaling in plants, seeds and in response to biotic and abiotic stresses, hormone evolution and chemical biology, and much more. Presents the latest release in the Advances in Botanical Research series Provides an Ideal resource for post-graduates and researchers in the plant sciences, including plant physiology, plant genetics, plant biochemistry, plant pathology, and plant evolution Contains contributions from internationally recognized authorities in their respective fields
Download or read book Dissecting Complex Gene Families to Understand Their Roles in Climate Resilience written by Mehanathan Muthamilarasan and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-10-11 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Protein Kinases and Stress Signaling in Plants written by Girdhar K. Pandey and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-12-03 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive review of stress signaling in plants using genomics and functional genomic approaches Improving agricultural production and meeting the needs of a rapidly growing global population requires crop systems capable of overcoming environmental stresses. Understanding the role of different signaling components in plant stress regulation is vital to developing crops which can withstand abiotic and biotic stresses without loss of crop yield and productivity. Emphasizing genomics and functional genomic approaches, Protein Kinases and Stress Signaling in Plants is a comprehensive review of cutting-edge research on stress perception, signal transduction, and stress response generation. Detailed chapters cover a broad range of topics central to improving agricultural production developing crop systems capable of overcoming environmental stresses to meet the needs of a rapidly growing global population. This book describes the field of protein kinases and stress signaling with a special emphasis on functional genomics. It presents a highly valuable contribution in the field of stress perception, signal transduction and generation of responses against one or multiple stress signals. This timely resource: Summarizes the role of various kinases involved in stress management Enumerates the role of TOR, GSK3-like kinase, SnRK kinases in different physiological conditions Examines mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in different stresses Describes the different aspects of calcium signaling under different stress conditions Examines photo-activated kinases (PAPKs) in varying light conditions Briefs the presence of tyrosine kinases in plants Highlights the cellular functions of receptor ]like protein kinases (RLKs) Possible implication of these kinases in developing stress tolerant crops Protein Kinases and Stress Signaling in Plants: Functional Genomic Perspective is an essential resource for researchers and students in the fields of plant molecular biology and signal transduction, plant responses to stress, plant cell signaling, plant protein kinases, plant biotechnology, transgenic plants and stress biology.
Download or read book Plant Signaling Molecules written by M. Iqbal R. Khan and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2019-03-15 with total page 596 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plant Signaling Molecule: Role and Regulation under Stressful Environments explores tolerance mechanisms mediated by signaling molecules in plants for achieving sustainability under changing environmental conditions. Including a wide range of potential molecules, from primary to secondary metabolites, the book presents the status and future prospects of the role and regulation of signaling molecules at physiological, biochemical, molecular and structural level under abiotic stress tolerance. This book is designed to enhance the mechanistic understanding of signaling molecules and will be an important resource for plant biologists in developing stress tolerant crops to achieve sustainability under changing environmental conditions. Focuses on plant biology under stress conditions Provides a compendium of knowledge related to plant adaptation, physiology, biochemistry and molecular responses Identifies treatments that enhance plant tolerance to abiotic stresses Illustrates specific physiological pathways that are considered key points for plant adaptation or tolerance to abiotic stresses
Download or read book Genetic Enhancement of Crops for Tolerance to Abiotic Stress Mechanisms and Approaches Vol I written by Vijay Rani Rajpal and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-04-24 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abiotic stresses such as drought (water deficit), extreme temperatures (cold, frost and heat), salinity (sodicity) and mineral (metal and metalloid) toxicity limit productivity of crop plants worldwide and are big threats to global food security. With worsening climate change scenarios, these stresses will further increase in intensity and frequency. Improving tolerance to abiotic stresses, therefore, has become a major objective in crop breeding programs. A lot of research has been conducted on the regulatory mechanisms, signaling pathways governing these abiotic stresses, and cross talk among them in various model and non-model species. Also, various ‘omics’ platforms have been utilized to unravel the candidate genes underpinning various abiotic stresses, which have increased our understanding of the tolerance mechanisms at structural, physiological, transcriptional and molecular level. Further, a wealth of information has been generated on the role of chromatin assembly and its remodeling under stress and on the epigenetic dynamics via histones modifications. The book consolidates outlooks, perspectives and updates on the research conducted by scientists in the abovementioned areas. The information covered in this book will therefore interest workers in all areas of plant sciences. The results presented on multiple crops will be useful to scientists in building strategies to counter these stresses in plants. In addition, students who are beginners in the areas of abiotic stress tolerance will find this book handy to clear their concepts and to get an update on the research conducted in various crops at one place
Download or read book Abiotic Stress Response in Plants written by Arun Shanker and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2011-08-29 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plants, unlike animals, are sessile. This demands that adverse changes in their environment are quickly recognized, distinguished and responded to with suitable reactions. Drought, heat, cold and salinity are among the major abiotic stresses that adversely affect plant growth and productivity. In general, abiotic stress often causes a series of morphological, physiological, biochemical and molecular changes that unfavorably affect plant growth, development and productivity. Drought, salinity, extreme temperatures (cold and heat) and oxidative stress are often interrelated; these conditions singularly or in combination induce cellular damage. To cope with abiotic stresses, of paramount significance is to understand plant responses to abiotic stresses that disturb the homeostatic equilibrium at cellular and molecular level in order to identify a common mechanism for multiple stress tolerance. This multi authored edited compilation attempts to put forth an all-inclusive biochemical and molecular picture in a systems approach wherein mechanism and adaptation aspects of abiotic stress are dealt with. The chief objective of the book hence is to deliver state of the art information for comprehending the effects of abiotic stress in plants at the cellular level.
