EBookClubs

Read Books & Download eBooks Full Online

EBookClubs

Read Books & Download eBooks Full Online

Book Disruptive Thinking in Our Classrooms

Download or read book Disruptive Thinking in Our Classrooms written by Eric Sheninger and published by Connectedd. This book was released on 2021-04-19 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Empower learners to think disruptively in your classroom or school... The world continues to change in ways that are difficult to predict. Regardless of the forces at hand, educators play a pivotal role in preparing students for success now and in the future. Eric Sheninger makes the compelling case that the best way to do this is to future-proof learning for ALL kids by creating a disruptive thinking culture in our classrooms and schools. Broken into four parts, this book combines stories, insight from thousands of school visits, practical strategies, research, and examples from classrooms to assist educators in transforming their practice. Each chapter ends with a "disruptive challenge" that encourages readers to actively apply concepts from the book into their professional practice. Readers will develop an understanding that: Disruptive change is the new normal. As such, our mindset must evolve in ways that help students develop meaningful competencies critical for their success in an unpredictable world. Comfort is the enemy of growth. We must critically evaluate if the way things have always been done in the classroom sets learners up for success now and in the future. Improvement in all we do is a never-ending journey. Learning is a process, not an event. It requires educators to develop and use instructional practices and pedagogical techniques that meet the unique needs of all students. Outlier practices promote disruptive thinking. Some innovative educational practices add value while others do not. When we discover new and better ways of empowering learners, we must act, making "outlier" practices the new norm. Packed with ready-to-use ideas and embedded resources, including the latest digital tools, templates, and artifacts from real classrooms, readers will learn: Why a mindset shift is essential in preparing learners for an unpredictable world.How to implement strategies that focus on developing critical competencies.How to ensure equity through personalization.What to reflect on to improve and build powerful relationships.

Book Disrupt

    Book Details:
  • Author : Luke Williams
  • Publisher : FT Press
  • Release : 2011
  • ISBN : 0137025149
  • Pages : 209 pages

Download or read book Disrupt written by Luke Williams and published by FT Press. This book was released on 2011 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This requires a revolution in thinking: a steady stream of disruptive strategies and unexpected solutions. In Disrupt, Luke Williams shows exactly how to generate those strategies and deliver those solutions.

Book Disrupting Thinking

    Book Details:
  • Author : Kylene Beers
  • Publisher : Teaching Resources
  • Release : 2017
  • ISBN : 9781338132908
  • Pages : 0 pages

Download or read book Disrupting Thinking written by Kylene Beers and published by Teaching Resources. This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Supported with student conversations, classroom scenarios, practical strategies, and turn-and-talk moments, teachers and administrators can use this book as a guide for changing the way they think about teaching students to become thoughtful, skillful, attentive, responsive readers.

Book Corporate Innovation

Download or read book Corporate Innovation written by Donald Kuratko and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2018-12-07 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Effectiveness is the underlying theme for this introduction to disruptive innovation. The book tells the manager, or student, what they need to know in transforming the thinking in an organization to an innovative mindset in the twenty-first century. Corporate Innovation explains the four stages of the innovation process, and demonstrates how to improve skills in the innovation process, and unleash personal innovative abilities. This book also presents ways to assess the organization’s attitudes toward innovation, providing insights into how to diagnose creative and innovative performance problems in the organization. Beginning with an overview of concepts involved with an innovative organization today, this book explores the fundamental aspects of the individual, the organization and the implementation. An I-Organization is a combination of: I-Skills developed within individuals I-Design thinking functions needed to shape innovation I-Teams that emerge from the HR perspective of structuring the appropriate climate I-Solution needed to provide a foundation for implementing any innovative ideas Essential reading for students of corporate innovation, corporate ventures, corporate strategy, or human resources, this book also speaks to the specific needs of active managers charged with the expectation of enhancing the innovative prowess of their organization. Instructors’ outlines, lecture slides, and a test bank round out the ancillary online resources for this title.

Book Create the Future   The Innovation Handbook

Download or read book Create the Future The Innovation Handbook written by Jeremy Gutsche and published by Greenleaf Book Group. This book was released on 2020-03-10 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Learn to Innovate and Make Real Change In our era of disruption and possibility, there are so many great opportunities within your grasp; however, most smart and successful people miss out. Unfortunately, your capabilities are limited by the seven traps of path dependency, which cause you to repeat past decisions. These traps can limit you from seeing the potential of what could be. If you could overcome these traps, what could you accomplish? How much more successful could you be? Create the Future teaches you how to think disruptively, providing specific steps to create real innovation and change. This book combines Jeremy's high energy, provocative thinking with tactics that have been battle-tested through thousands of his team's projects advising leading innovators like Disney, Starbucks, Amex, IBM, Adidas, Google, and NASA. On top of all that, this is a double-sided book, paired with The Innovation Handbook, a revised edition of Jeremy's award-winning book, Exploiting Chaos.

Book Disrupt Yourself

Download or read book Disrupt Yourself written by Whitney Johnson and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-11-03 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thinkers50 Management Thinker of 2015 Whitney Johnson wants you to consider this simple, yet powerful, idea: disruptive companies and ideas upend markets by doing something truly different--they see a need, an empty space waiting to be filled, and they dare to create something for which a market may not yet exist. As president and cofounder of Rose Park Advisors' Disruptive Innovation Fund with Clayton Christensen, Johnson used the theory of disruptive innovation to invest in publicly traded stocks and private early-stage companies. In Disrupt Yourself, she helps you understand how the frameworks of disruptive innovation can apply to your particular path, whether you are: a self-starter ready to make a disruptive pivot in your business a high-potential individual charting your career trajectory a manager looking to instill innovative thinking amongst your team a leader facing industry changes that make for an uncertain future We are living in an era of accelerating disruption; no one is immune. Johnson makes the compelling case that managing the S-curve waves of learning and mastery is a requisite skill for the future. If you want to be successful in unexpected ways, follow your own disruptive path. Dare to innovate. Do something astonishing. Disrupt yourself.

Book Disruptive Marketing

Download or read book Disruptive Marketing written by Geoffrey Colon and published by AMACOM. This book was released on 2016-08-09 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With 75 percent of screen time being spent on connected devices, digital strategies have moved front and center of most marketing plans. But what if that’s not enough? How often does consumer engagement actually go further than the “like” button? With the average American receiving close to 50 phone notifications a day, do the company messages get read or just tossed aside? The truth is, a sobering reality is beginning to hit marketers: Technology hasn’t just reshaped mass media; it’s altering behavior as well. Truly getting a message through to customers, and not just in front of their eyes for a split second before being fed to the trash bin, will take some radical rethinking.Disruptive Marketing challenges you to toss the linear plan, strip away conventions, and open your mind as it takes you on a provocative, fast-paced tour of our changing world, where you’ll find that:• Selling is dead, but ongoing conversation thrives• Consumers generate the best content about brands• People tune out noise and listen to feelings• Curiosity leads the marketing team• Growth depends on merging analytics with boundless creativityPacked with trends, predictions, interviews with big-think marketers, and stories from a career spent pushing boundaries, Disruptive Marketing is the solution you’ve been looking for to boost your brand into new territory!

Book Disruptive Thinking

    Book Details:
  • Author : T. D. Jakes
  • Publisher : FaithWords
  • Release : 2023-05-09
  • ISBN : 1546004041
  • Pages : 208 pages

Download or read book Disruptive Thinking written by T. D. Jakes and published by FaithWords. This book was released on 2023-05-09 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: *A NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER!* Think differently and find the courage to challenge the status quo with this mindset-shifting guide to meaningful change. For most of our lives, we are encouraged to trudge along the well-worn paths of those who have come before us. We learn the rules – in our families, in our schools, in our workplaces, in our churches – and most of the messages we receive tell us that following the rules will allow us to arrive at the lives we desire. But when change becomes not only desirable but also urgently necessary, this way of being no longer serves us. In fact, in every human endeavor, every major leap forward, has involved a cataclysmic challenge to existing ways of thinking and being. Breakthroughs, by definition, run against the grain and almost always encounter skepticism and opposition. In this book for leaders, thinkers, doers, and creators, Bishop T.D. Jakes illuminates the pathway to encouraging and unleashing disruptive thinking and provides the wisdom and practical skills we need to evolve our most original and potentially transformational ideas from vision to reality. Through his insight into how our minds and emotions work and through his experiences as a pastor, entrepreneur, and creator, Bishop Jakes leads us into a new way of relating to and transforming the world around us for good. Disruptive Thinking will show you the mindset and the tools you need to create groundbreaking and meaningful change in your own life and in the world around you. A Study Guide is also available for purchase.

Book Workbook for Disruptive Thinking  A Comprehensive Guide on How to Transform Your Work and Lead with Innovative Thought

Download or read book Workbook for Disruptive Thinking A Comprehensive Guide on How to Transform Your Work and Lead with Innovative Thought written by Sidney Jessie Maina and published by Gaius Quill Publishing . This book was released on with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Workbook for Disruptive Thinking: A Comprehensive Guide on How to Transform Your Work and Lead with Innovative Thought" is an essential resource for anyone looking to break free from conventional thinking patterns and embrace the power of disruptive innovation. This practical and engaging workbook is designed to help individuals and organizations develop the mindset, skills, and strategies necessary to drive meaningful change and stay ahead in today's fast-paced, ever-evolving world. In this comprehensive guide, readers will explore the fundamental principles of disruptive thinking, including: The importance of challenging the status quo and embracing change The role of creativity, curiosity, and open-mindedness in fostering innovation The value of diversity and inclusion in promoting new ideas and perspectives Through a combination of research-backed insights, real-world examples, and hands-on activities, this workbook equips readers with the tools and knowledge needed to cultivate a culture of disruption and unlock their full creative potential. The first section of the book delves into the core concepts of disruptive thinking, providing a solid foundation upon which readers can build their understanding. Topics covered include: The history and evolution of disruptive thinking as a concept The difference between incremental and disruptive innovation The characteristics and habits of disruptive thinkers Next, the workbook explores various techniques and strategies for generating innovative ideas and fostering a creative mindset. Readers will learn about: Brainstorming, mind mapping, and other idea generation methods The power of collaboration and teamwork in driving innovation The role of technology in enhancing creativity and facilitating disruption As readers progress through the book, they will be guided through a series of practical exercises and activities designed to help them apply the principles of disruptive thinking in their personal and professional lives. These activities include: Assessing personal strengths and areas for improvement in relation to disruptive thinking Developing a personal action plan for embracing disruption and fostering innovation Reflecting on past experiences to identify opportunities for growth and learning In addition to these hands-on exercises, the workbook also features numerous real-life case studies and examples of individuals and organizations that have successfully harnessed the power of disruptive thinking to achieve remarkable results. These inspiring stories serve as a testament to the transformative potential of this mindset and offer valuable lessons for readers looking to embark on their own journey of disruption and innovation. The final section of the book examines the broader implications of disruptive thinking, exploring its impact on society, the economy, and the environment. Topics covered include: The ethical considerations associated with disruptive innovation and the importance of responsible decision-making The role of governments, educational institutions, and other stakeholders in promoting a culture of disruption and creativity The potential benefits and challenges of embracing disruptive thinking in addressing pressing global issues, such as climate change, inequality, and access to education As readers work their way through this comprehensive guide, they will be encouraged to reflect on their own assumptions, beliefs, and habits, and to consider how they can adopt a more disruptive mindset in their day-to-day lives. By embracing the principles of disruption, creativity, and innovation, individuals and organizations can unlock new opportunities, drive growth, and shape a brighter future for themselves and generations to come.

Book Disrupting Class  Expanded Edition  How Disruptive Innovation Will Change the Way the World Learns

Download or read book Disrupting Class Expanded Edition How Disruptive Innovation Will Change the Way the World Learns written by Clayton Christensen and published by McGraw Hill Professional. This book was released on 2010-09-17 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clay Christensen's groundbreaking bestselling work in education now updated and expanded, including a new chapter on Christensen's seminal "Jobs to Be Done" theory applied to education. "Provocatively titled, Disrupting Class is just what America's K-12 education system needs--a well thought-through proposal for using technology to better serve students and bring our schools into the 21st Century. Unlike so many education 'reforms,' this is not small-bore stuff. For that reason alone, it's likely to be resisted by defenders of the status quo, even though it's necessary and right for our kids. We owe it to them to make sure this book isn't merely a terrific read; it must become a blueprint for educational transformation." —Joel Klein, Chancellor of the New York City Department of Education "A brilliant teacher, Christensen brings clarity to a muddled and chaotic world of education." —Jim Collins, bestselling author of Good to Great “Just as iTunes revolutionized the music industry, technology has the potential to transform education in America so that every one of the nation’s 50 million students receives a high quality education. Disrupting Class is a must-read, as it shows us how we can blaze that trail toward transformation.” —Jeb Bush, former Governor of Florida According to recent studies in neuroscience, the way we learn doesn't always match up with the way we are taught. If we hope to stay competitive-academically, economically, and technologically-we need to rethink our understanding of intelligence, reevaluate our educational system, and reinvigorate our commitment to learning. In other words, we need "disruptive innovation." Now, in his long-awaited new book, Clayton M. Christensen and coauthors Michael B. Horn and Curtis W. Johnson take one of the most important issues of our time-education-and apply Christensen's now-famous theories of "disruptive" change using a wide range of real-life examples. Whether you're a school administrator, government official, business leader, parent, teacher, or entrepreneur, you'll discover surprising new ideas, outside-the-box strategies, and straight-A success stories. You'll learn how: Customized learning will help many more students succeed in school Student-centric classrooms will increase the demand for new technology Computers must be disruptively deployed to every student Disruptive innovation can circumvent roadblocks that have prevented other attempts at school reform We can compete in the global classroom-and get ahead in the global market Filled with fascinating case studies, scientific findings, and unprecedented insights on how innovation must be managed, Disrupting Class will open your eyes to new possibilities, unlock hidden potential, and get you to think differently. Professor Christensen and his coauthors provide a bold new lesson in innovation that will help you make the grade for years to come. The future is now. Class is in session.

Book What Disruptive Thinking Is  and Why You Should Be Doing It

Download or read book What Disruptive Thinking Is and Why You Should Be Doing It written by Luke Williams and published by Pearson Education. This book was released on 2010-12-15 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Element is an excerpt from Disrupt: Think the Unthinkable to Spark Transformation in Your Business (9780137025145) by Luke Williams. Available in print and digital formats. Why incremental change is a recipe for disaster–and what your business must do instead. Successful companies often embrace incremental change because it supports their current business model. Big mistake. When a business makes only incremental changes, they’re on a path that gets narrower and narrower. Eventually, they reach the end–and by then, their customers have forsaken them for a new offering that nobody saw coming.

Book Peer to Peer

    Book Details:
  • Author : Andy Oram
  • Publisher : "O'Reilly Media, Inc."
  • Release : 2001-02-26
  • ISBN : 1491943211
  • Pages : 450 pages

Download or read book Peer to Peer written by Andy Oram and published by "O'Reilly Media, Inc.". This book was released on 2001-02-26 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The term "peer-to-peer" has come to be applied to networks that expect end users to contribute their own files, computing time, or other resources to some shared project. Even more interesting than the systems' technical underpinnings are their socially disruptive potential: in various ways they return content, choice, and control to ordinary users. While this book is mostly about the technical promise of peer-to-peer, we also talk about its exciting social promise. Communities have been forming on the Internet for a long time, but they have been limited by the flat interactive qualities of email and Network newsgroups. People can exchange recommendations and ideas over these media, but have great difficulty commenting on each other's postings, structuring information, performing searches, or creating summaries. If tools provided ways to organize information intelligently, and if each person could serve up his or her own data and retrieve others' data, the possibilities for collaboration would take off. Peer-to-peer technologies along with metadata could enhance almost any group of people who share an interest--technical, cultural, political, medical, you name it. This book presents the goals that drive the developers of the best-known peer-to-peer systems, the problems they've faced, and the technical solutions they've found. Learn here the essentials of peer-to-peer from leaders of the field: Nelson Minar and Marc Hedlund of target="new">Popular Power, on a history of peer-to-peer Clay Shirky of acceleratorgroup, on where peer-to-peer is likely to be headed Tim O'Reilly of O'Reilly & Associates, on redefining the public's perceptions Dan Bricklin, cocreator of Visicalc, on harvesting information from end-users David Anderson of SETI@home, on how SETI@Home created the world's largest computer Jeremie Miller of Jabber, on the Internet as a collection of conversations Gene Kan of Gnutella and GoneSilent.com, on lessons from Gnutella for peer-to-peer technologies Adam Langley of Freenet, on Freenet's present and upcoming architecture Alan Brown of Red Rover, on a deliberately low-tech content distribution system Marc Waldman, Lorrie Cranor, and Avi Rubin of AT&T Labs, on the Publius project and trust in distributed systems Roger Dingledine, Michael J. Freedman, andDavid Molnar of Free Haven, on resource allocation and accountability in distributed systems Rael Dornfest of O'Reilly Network and Dan Brickley of ILRT/RDF Web, on metadata Theodore Hong of Freenet, on performance Richard Lethin of Reputation Technologies, on how reputation can be built online Jon Udell ofBYTE and Nimisha Asthagiri andWalter Tuvell of Groove Networks, on security Brandon Wiley of Freenet, on gateways between peer-to-peer systems You'll find information on the latest and greatest systems as well as upcoming efforts in this book.

Book Disruptive Discovery  Uncovering the Stuff That Really Matters

Download or read book Disruptive Discovery Uncovering the Stuff That Really Matters written by Geoff Snavely and published by . This book was released on 2021-10-15 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In his thought-provoking, revelatory work Disruptive Discovery, entrepreneur and self-indoctrinated rookie philosopher Geoff Snavely distinguishes the nice to know from the we can do something with that. He has developed a compelling model that can get people to a better place by helping them focus on what really matters. Whether you're a business leader, sales professional, consultant, coach, or anyone who advises others about life or work, Snavely invites you to join this community of disruptors-he refers to them as Facilitators of Betterment-motivated to make a meaningful impact. By exploring his experience-based 10 Questions That Matter and other concepts, he provides you with the tools needed for digging deeper, below Surface Discovery and into the process of Disruptive Discovery. Are you ready for some disruption? If so, maybe you can invent your own version of pumpkin pie and serve it up for the world to enjoy.

Book Your Creative Mind

Download or read book Your Creative Mind written by Scott Cochrane and published by Red Wheel/Weiser. This book was released on 2016-09-19 with total page 211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Too many companies limit their strategic thinking by focusing on what they already know how to do. Executives are expected to set concrete objectives and create detailed, step-by-step plans to reach them. This approach may satisfy short-term considerations like quarterly earnings reports, but it produces modest innovation and evolutionary development at best. As a result, the business can find itself in a performance plateau that it cannot seem to break out of.In Your Creative Mind, you will discover an entirely different approach to the creative process. You will learn:How to catapult your company out of a performance plateau and into dynamic growth, expansion, and market leadership.How to move beyond classic groupthink and unleash your true creative power.How to become a trend leader and paradigm shifter by harnessing the secrets of the power of creation.How to innovate your way into the most beneficial business relationships you can imagine.Using the practical techniques and steps described in Your Creative Mind will infuse your company with creative power and drive innovation. Break free of business as usual and create the dynamic growth you deserve!

Book The Innovator s DNA

Download or read book The Innovator s DNA written by Jeff Dyer and published by Harvard Business Press. This book was released on 2011-07-12 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new classic, cited by leaders and media around the globe as a highly recommended read for anyone interested in innovation. In The Innovator’s DNA, authors Jeffrey Dyer, Hal Gregersen, and bestselling author Clayton Christensen (The Innovator’s Dilemma, The Innovator’s Solution, How Will You Measure Your Life?) build on what we know about disruptive innovation to show how individuals can develop the skills necessary to move progressively from idea to impact. By identifying behaviors of the world’s best innovators—from leaders at Amazon and Apple to those at Google, Skype, and Virgin Group—the authors outline five discovery skills that distinguish innovative entrepreneurs and executives from ordinary managers: Associating, Questioning, Observing, Networking, and Experimenting. Once you master these competencies (the authors provide a self-assessment for rating your own innovator’s DNA), the authors explain how to generate ideas, collaborate to implement them, and build innovation skills throughout the organization to result in a competitive edge. This innovation advantage will translate into a premium in your company’s stock price—an innovation premium—which is possible only by building the code for innovation right into your organization’s people, processes, and guiding philosophies. Practical and provocative, The Innovator’s DNA is an essential resource for individuals and teams who want to strengthen their innovative prowess.

Book Think Lead Disrupt

    Book Details:
  • Author : Peter Nichol
  • Publisher :
  • Release : 2021-01-08
  • ISBN : 9780578787381
  • Pages : pages

Download or read book Think Lead Disrupt written by Peter Nichol and published by . This book was released on 2021-01-08 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Do you wonder how innovative leaders generate world-class ideas? How do these cutting edge leaders continually envision the future? Where do they go to for their sources of inspirational ideas? The disruption of business models, products, and interactions is not random-a disruptive mindset is deliberate. Executives, leaders, and business managers search for the best ideas every day, leveraging the best minds. What they discover is a small percentage of individuals generate the majority of unique ideas. Not all ideas, but the ideas of the fringe of normal. How is it possible the same leaders continually generate the best and most remarkable ideas? The ideation of original ideas is a process-a process that you can learn.In THINK LEAD DISRUPT, author Peter B. Nichol provides insights into how innovators can continually redesign products, services, and experiences in new and unique forms. Innovative companies do not just hatch. These disruptive companies evolve as a result of individual ideas, beliefs, and values. Individuals working together transform companies with original ideas. Nichol illuminates the mindset of innovative executives and how ideas lead to disruption. Based on his experience as a CIO, 3x author, and digital expert, Nichol captures how you can be part of the idea revolution. The book explains the growth of original ideas and how strategies are linked to successful executions by exploring: How to generate great ideas? Where do the best ideas come to originate? Why can the best leaders always envision a new strategy for business differentiation? Within these parts, you'll learn:? How innovators think differently.? How original ideas are formed to disruption.? How predicting innovation affects outcomes.? How to look for inspiration from outside.This book also includes how ideas are catalysts for innovation and how concepts such as robotic process automation, data science, and strategy drive disruptive business execution.THINK LEAD DISRUPT is the definitive book to finally learn how to continually generate and execute world-class ideas-think like an innovator.

Book Thinking

Download or read book Thinking written by Howard Eisner and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-01-14 with total page 105 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thinking: A Guide to Systems Engineering Problem-Solving focuses upon articulating ways of thinking in today’s world of systems and systems engineering. It also explores how the old masters made the advances they made, hundreds of years ago. Taken together, these considerations represent new ways of problem solving and new pathways to answers for modern times. Special areas of interest include types of intelligence, attributes of superior thinkers, systems architecting, corporate standouts, barriers to thinking, and innovative companies and universities. This book provides an overview of more than a dozen ways of thinking, to include: Inductive Thinking, Deductive Thinking, Reductionist Thinking, Out-of-the-Box Thinking, Systems Thinking, Design Thinking, Disruptive Thinking, Lateral Thinking, Critical Thinking, Fast and Slow Thinking, and Breakthrough Thinking. With these thinking skills, the reader is better able to tackle and solve new and varied types of problems. Features Proposes new approaches to problem solving for the systems engineer Compares as well as contrasts various types of Systems Thinking Articulates thinking attributes of the great masters as well as selected modern systems engineers Offers chapter by chapter thinking exercises for consideration and testing Suggests a "top dozen" for today’s systems engineers