Download or read book Dispersion Measurement as a Method of Quantifying Geologic Characterization and Defining Reservoir Heterogeneity Annual Report July 12 1991 September 12 1992 written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study developed a new method using dispersion measurements by which the flow characterization in a porous medium or reservoir can be determined. The fundamentals of the dispersion characteristic in consolidated porous media were investigated and employed to evaluate the reservoir characterization. A series of miscible displacement tests were conducted on Berea and Brown sandstones with different permeabilities, system lengths, and heterogeneity. The analytical methodologies, (1) X-ray computed tomograph (CT) method, (2) X-ray linear core scanning method, and (3) refractive index method, were utilized for dispersion measurements. The laboratory techniques developed in this study and the detailed experimental procedures are presented. The experimental results were analyzed by utilizing the concentration profiles obtained from experimental dispersion tests. The results have shown that the concentration profile appears to be a strong function of rock permeability and heterogeneity and that the dispersivity is a length dependent variable. The results show there exists a critical length in a dispersion measurement. A new parameter is defined and referred to as the dispersion factor. Both the laboratory dispersion factors and the field dispersion factors have been determined and discussed. The study concludes the dispersion factor can be used to evaluate the flow characterization of a miscible displacement, and that a dispersion factor measured in a field test is more representative of a given reservoir than dispersion factors measured in the laboratory. A large dispersion factor corresponds to miscible fluids flowing through a heterogeneous rock or reservoir, and a small dispersion factor corresponds to miscible fluids flowing through a homogeneous rock or reservoir.
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 782 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Dispersion Measurement as a Method of Quantifying Geologic Characterization and Defining Reservoir Heterogeneity Annual Report July 12 1990 September 12 1991 written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since reservoirs are heterogeneous, nonuniform, and anisotropic, the success or failure of many enhanced oil recovery techniques rests on our prediction of internal variability and the paths of fluid flow in the reservoir. The main objective of this project is to develop a greater understanding of reservoir heterogeneities through dispersion measurement. In this annual report, an approach to ways to estimate the dispersivities of reservoir rocks from well logs is presented. From a series of rock property measurements and dispersion tests the following studies have been made: A measure of rock heterogeneity is developed by using the effluent concentration at one pore volume injection in a matched viscosity miscible displacement. By this approach, a heterogeneity factor is determined from the measured S-shaped dispersion curve. The parameter f in the Coats-Smith capacitance model is redefined as the dispersion fraction f{sub d} (or mechanical mixing fraction). At the f{sub d} pore volume injection, the dynamic miscible displacement efficiency reaches maximum. Reflected on the dispersion curve, this number corresponds to the peak of the first derivative of concentration. With the concept of dispersion fraction, a unique solution to the capacitance model is obtained, and then an equivalent dispersivity is defined. Through experimental data on Berea and Brown sandstone samples, it has been found that the equivalent dispersivity is an exponential function of the heterogeneity factor and can be used as a reservoir characteristic. Through a key parameter of tortuosity, dispersivity is related to rock petrophysical properties. This semi-theoretical relationship forms the basis for determining dispersivities from well logs. The approach is validated through experimental studies on Berea and Brown sandstone samples. It has been found that the equivalent dispersivity is an exponential function of the heterogeneity factor and can be used as a reservoir characteristic.
Download or read book Bancos privados written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 55 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Government Reports Annual Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 1368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Dispersion Measurement as a Method of Quantifying Geologic Characterization and Defining Reservoir Heterogeneity Quarterly Report July 12 1993 October 12 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dispersion of fluids flowing through porous media is an important phenomenon in miscible displacement. Much of the research involving dispersion and dispersivity as a property of reservoir rock has focused on miscible liquid-liquid displacement processes. This study addresses the measurement of dispersion in a gas-gas displacement system. The objectives of this study are: (1) to develop a method and set up an experimental apparatus to measure gas-gas dispersion in consolidated rocks.(2) to study the effect of displacement velocity and pressure on gas-gas dispersion and dispersivity; and (3) to study the heterogeneity of reservoir rocks and investigate the relationship between dispersivity and rock properties to characterize the flow system using gas-gas dispersion measurements. New experimental methods and apparatus for gas-gas dispersion were developed in this study. Twenty eight gas-gas miscible displacement measurements under different flowrates and pressures were conducted on three Berea sandstone cores of varying lengths and physical properties. A gas chromatograph was utilized and modified to measure the concentration of gas at the outlet of the cores. Nitrogen was used as the displacing gas, while helium was used as the displaced gas. The experimental results were illustrated using S-shaped effluent breakthrough curves. The effect of flowrate and pressure on gas-gas dispersion, dispersion coefficient, dispersivity, and dispersion factor were determined from these curves. Gas effective diffusion coefficients were obtained by graphical methods using the dispersion coefficients under low velocities. The heterogeneity of reservoir rock can be studied by this method.
Download or read book Government Reports Announcements Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 1496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Dispersion Measurement as a Method of Quantifying Geologic Characterization and Defining Reservoir Heterogeneity Final Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main objective of this research project is to investigate dispersion as a method of quantifying geological characterization and defining reservoir heterogeneity in order to enhance crude oil recovery. The dispersion of flow of a reservoir rock (dispersion coefficient and dispersivity) was identified as one of the physical properties of a reservoir rock by measuring the mixing of two miscible fluids, one displacing the other in a porous medium. A rock was 100% saturated with a resident fluid and displaced by a miscible fluid of equal viscosity and equal density. Some specific experiments were performed with unequal densities. Produced fluid was analyzed by refractometer, nuclear reaction, electrical conductivity and X-ray scan. Several physical and flow characteristics were measured on the sand rock sample in order to establish correlations with the measured dispersion property. Absolute permeability, effective porosity, relative permeability, capillary pressure, the heterogeneity factor and electrical conductivity were used to better understand the flow system. Linear, transverse, 2-D and 3-D dispersions were measured and used to characterize the rock heterogeneity of the flow system. A new system of measuring dispersion was developed using a gas displacing gas system in a porous medium. An attempt was also made to determine the dispersion property of an actual reservoir from present day well log data on a producing well. 275 refs., 102 figs., 17 tabs.
Download or read book Dispersion Measurement as a Method of Qualifying Geologic Characterization and Defining Reservoir Heterogeneity Final Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Guidelines for Determining Flood Flow Frequency written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Greenhouse Gas Protocol written by and published by World Business Pub.. This book was released on 2004 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The GHG Protocol Corporate Accounting and Reporting Standard helps companies and other organizations to identify, calculate, and report GHG emissions. It is designed to set the standard for accurate, complete, consistent, relevant and transparent accounting and reporting of GHG emissions.
Download or read book Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater written by American Public Health Association and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 1254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Strategy and Methodology for Radioactive Waste Characterization written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by IAEA. This book was released on 2007 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past decade significant progress has been achieved in the development of waste characterization and control procedures and equipment as a direct response to ever-increasing requirements for quality and reliability of information on waste characteristics. Failure in control procedures at any step can have important, adverse consequences and may result in producing waste packages which are not compliant with the waste acceptance criteria for disposal, thereby adversely impacting the repository. The information and guidance included in this publication corresponds to recent achievements and reflects the optimum approaches, thereby reducing the potential for error and enhancing the quality of the end product. -- Publisher's description.
Download or read book Statistical Methods in Water Resources written by D.R. Helsel and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1993-03-03 with total page 539 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Data on water quality and other environmental issues are being collected at an ever-increasing rate. In the past, however, the techniques used by scientists to interpret this data have not progressed as quickly. This is a book of modern statistical methods for analysis of practical problems in water quality and water resources. The last fifteen years have seen major advances in the fields of exploratory data analysis (EDA) and robust statistical methods. The 'real-life' characteristics of environmental data tend to drive analysis towards the use of these methods. These advances are presented in a practical and relevant format. Alternate methods are compared, highlighting the strengths and weaknesses of each as applied to environmental data. Techniques for trend analysis and dealing with water below the detection limit are topics covered, which are of great interest to consultants in water-quality and hydrology, scientists in state, provincial and federal water resources, and geological survey agencies. The practising water resources scientist will find the worked examples using actual field data from case studies of environmental problems, of real value. Exercises at the end of each chapter enable the mechanics of the methodological process to be fully understood, with data sets included on diskette for easy use. The result is a book that is both up-to-date and immediately relevant to ongoing work in the environmental and water sciences.
Download or read book The Petroleum System written by Geological Survey (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Investigations about porosity in petroleum reservoir rocks are discussed by Schmoker and Gautier. Pollastro discusses the uses of clay minerals as exploration tools that help to elucidate basin, source-rock, and reservoir history. The status of fission-track analysis, which is useful for determining the thermal and depositional history of deeply buried sedimentary rocks, is outlined by Naeser. The various ways workers have attempted to determine accurate ancient and present-day subsurface temperatures are summarized with numerous references by Barker. Clayton covers three topics: (1) the role of kinetic modeling in petroleum exploration, (2) biological markers as an indicator of depositional environment of source rocks and composition of crude oils, and (3) geochemistry of sulfur in source rocks and petroleum. Anders and Hite evaluate the current status of evaporite deposits as a source for crude oil.
Download or read book Methods for Measuring the Toxicity and Bioaccumulation of Sediment associated Contaminants with Freshwater Invertebrates written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sediment contamination is a widespread environmental problem that can potentially pose a threat to a variety of aquatic ecosystems. The sediment test methods in this manual will be used by The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) to make decisions under a range of statutory authorities concerning such issues as: dredged material disposal, registration of pesticides and toxic substances, superfound site assessment, and assessment and cleanup of hazardous waste treatment, storage, and disposal facilities. The use of uniform sediment testing procedures by USEPA programs is expected to increase data accuracy and precision, facilitate test replication, increase the comparative value of test results, and ultimately, increase the efficiency of regulatory processes requiring sediment tests.
Download or read book Field Techniques for Estimating Water Fluxes Between Surface Water and Ground Water written by Donald O. Rosenberry and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2014-06-16 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interest in the use and development of our Nation's surface - and ground-water resources has increased significantly during the past 50 years. This work discusses field techniques for estimating water fluxes.
