Download or read book Disparities in School Readiness written by Alan Booth and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2008 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First Published in 2007. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

Download or read book The Future of Children Spring 2005 written by Cecilia Rouse and published by . This book was released on 2005-02-10 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "School Readiness," the first issue in "The Future of Children" publication, critically summarizes the research on the origin and trajectory of the racial and ethnic gap in the early years from several theoretical perspectives. In particular, the focus is on determining when these differences start to emerge, in what areas they appear, what factors contribute to their development by the time children enter grade school, and what can be done about them.

Download or read book Disparities in School Readiness written by Alan Booth and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Future of Children Spring 2005 written by Cecilia Rouse and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 2010-12-01 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Future of Children is a new semiannual publication that provies research and analysis to promote effective policies and programs for children. This first issue focuses on "School Readiness: Closing Racial and Ethnic Gaps." For more than 30 years, researchers have seen white children outperform black and other minority children in tests of reading and math skills. Though there is evidence that the gap has narrowed somewhat, the very persistence of this "racial and ethnic gap" remains a source considerable concern for academics, policy professionals and parents. The ethnic and racial gaps appear to reach back to the preschool years. When children reach the school door, minority children exhibit lower school readiness skills, at least those measured by standardized tests, than their white counterparts. From that point forward, the achievement gap only widens. If policy professionals are to address this disparity in academic achievement (and the consequent disparity in later opportunity), the racial and ethnic gap must be examined in the very earliest years, before students begin school with embedded inequalities. This volume critically summarizes the research on the origin and trajectory of the racial and ethnic gap in the early years from several theoretical perspectives. In particular, research is analyzed to determine when these differences start to emerge, in what areas they appear, what factors contribute to their development by the time children enter grade school and what are the long term effects. Contents: Introducing the Issue of Test Score Ethnic and Racial Disparities, Jeanne Brooks-Gunn, Sara McLanahan, and Cecilia Elena Rouse Identifying Racial and Ethnic Differences in School Readiness, Donald Rock and Jack Stenner Test Score Gaps: The Contribution of Family and Neighborhood Characteristics, Greg Duncan and Katherine Magnuson Genetic Differences and School Readiness, William T. Dickens Neuroscience Perspectives on Disparities in School Readiness, Kim Noble, B. J. Casey, and Nim Tottenham Low Birth Weight and School Readiness, Nancy Reichman The Impact of Health on School Readiness, Janet Currie Parenting, Jeanne Brooks-Gunn and Lisa Markman Childcare and Early Education, Katherine Magnuson and Jane Waldfogel

Download or read book The Family Life Project written by Lynne Vernon-Feagans and published by Wiley-Blackwell. This book was released on 2013-11-04 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph covers the Family Life Project studying a representative sample of every baby born to a mother who resided in one of six poor rural counties over a one year period, oversampling for poverty and African American. 1,292 children were followed from birth to 36 months of age. This study examines the relation between social risk and children's executive functioning, language development, and behavioral competence at 36 months.

Download or read book Cradle to Kindergarten written by Ajay Chaudry and published by Russell Sage Foundation. This book was released on 2021-03-25 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Early care and education for many children in the United States is in crisis. The period between birth and kindergarten is a critical time for child development, and socioeconomic disparities that begin early in children’s lives contribute to starkly different long-term outcomes for adults. Yet, compared to other advanced economies, high-quality child care and preschool in the United States are scarce and prohibitively expensive for many middle-class and most disadvantaged families. To what extent can early-life interventions provide these children with the opportunities that their affluent peers enjoy and contribute to reduced social inequality in the long term? Cradle to Kindergarten offers a comprehensive, evidence-based strategy that diagnoses the obstacles to accessible early education and charts a path to opportunity for all children. The U.S. government invests less in children under the age of five than do most other developed nations. Most working families must seek private childcare, which means that children from low-income households, who would benefit most from high-quality early education, are the least likely to attend them. Existing policies, such as pre-kindergarten in some states are only partial solutions. To address these deficiencies, the authors propose to overhaul the early care system, beginning with a federal paid parental leave policy that provides both mothers and fathers with time and financial support after the birth of a child. They also advocate increased public benefits, including an expansion of the child care tax credit, and a new child care assurance program that subsidizes the cost of early care for low- and moderate-income families. They also propose that universal, high-quality early education in the states should start by age three, and a reform of the Head Start program that would include more intensive services for families living in areas of concentrated poverty and experiencing multiple adversities from the earliest point in these most disadvantaged children’s lives. They conclude with an implementation plan and contend that these reforms are attainable within a ten-year timeline. Reducing educational and economic inequalities requires that all children have robust opportunities to learn, fully develop their capacities, and have a fair shot at success. Cradle to Kindergarten presents a blueprint for fulfilling this promise by expanding access to educational and financial resources at a critical stage of child development.

Download or read book Preprimary Enrollment written by and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Starting School on Unequal Ground written by Elizabeth Votruba-Drzal and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When children enter first-grade they are not equally ready to learn. Some have developed better cognitive and socioemotional skills that are important for early school success. Children from low-income families are particularly at risk, as they tend to have lower scores on measures of school readiness than their more economically advantaged counterparts. Developmental differences when children start school are concerning since these disparities often persist and are even exacerbated beyond the early years of school. The goal of this dissertation is to advance our understanding of the environmental origins of economic disparities in school readiness and early academic achievement with implications for policy and practice. It examines the influence of three key environments---home, child care, and kindergarten---on children's development during the transition to school and into the early school years in three integrated studies. By synthesizing across three studies, it provides the means to consider the relative effectiveness of different strategies for promoting academic success among at-risk children.

Download or read book School Readiness and the Achievement Gap written by Ashley Suzanne Bakker and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Currently, in the US, there exist gaps in school readiness between children of diverse cultural groups and socio-economic levels. Many children enter kindergarten without the skills deemed necessary to succeed. Children who enter behind their peers in emotional and academic readiness in kindergarten are likely to remain behind through adulthood (Berger & Stedron, 2010). School readiness is defined as encompassing five dimensions; physical well-being and motor development, social and emotional development, approaches to learning, language development (including early literacy); and cognition and general knowledge (Berger & Stedron, 2010). Research studies have been conducted to discern the root causes of disparity and states have mandated interventions targeted at reducing them. This paper outlines some of the primary studies and their conclusions about the links between ethnicity and socio-economic status and the relationship of these with parenting styles and early childhood development. State mandated interventions, such as pre-school programs for low-income families with parenting components, are also reviewed. Studies concerning their long term efficacy are addressed. An analysis of the current debate surrounding the concept of school readiness, how it is assessed, and the theoretical positions framing the debate, is also provided.

Download or read book Whither Opportunity written by Greg J. Duncan and published by Russell Sage Foundation. This book was released on 2011-09-01 with total page 573 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the incomes of affluent and poor families have diverged over the past three decades, so too has the educational performance of their children. But how exactly do the forces of rising inequality affect the educational attainment and life chances of low-income children? In Whither Opportunity? a distinguished team of economists, sociologists, and experts in social and education policy examines the corrosive effects of unequal family resources, disadvantaged neighborhoods, insecure labor markets, and worsening school conditions on K-12 education. This groundbreaking book illuminates the ways rising inequality is undermining one of the most important goals of public education—the ability of schools to provide children with an equal chance at academic and economic success. The most ambitious study of educational inequality to date, Whither Opportunity? analyzes how social and economic conditions surrounding schools affect school performance and children’s educational achievement. The book shows that from earliest childhood, parental investments in children’s learning affect reading, math, and other attainments later in life. Contributor Meredith Phillip finds that between birth and age six, wealthier children will have spent as many as 1,300 more hours than poor children on child enrichment activities such as music lessons, travel, and summer camp. Greg Duncan, George Farkas, and Katherine Magnuson demonstrate that a child from a poor family is two to four times as likely as a child from an affluent family to have classmates with low skills and behavior problems – attributes which have a negative effect on the learning of their fellow students. As a result of such disparities, contributor Sean Reardon finds that the gap between rich and poor children’s math and reading achievement scores is now much larger than it was fifty years ago. And such income-based gaps persist across the school years, as Martha Bailey and Sue Dynarski document in their chapter on the growing income-based gap in college completion. Whither Opportunity? also reveals the profound impact of environmental factors on children’s educational progress and schools’ functioning. Elizabeth Ananat, Anna Gassman-Pines, and Christina Gibson-Davis show that local job losses such as those caused by plant closings can lower the test scores of students with low socioeconomic status, even students whose parents have not lost their jobs. They find that community-wide stress is most likely the culprit. Analyzing the math achievement of elementary school children, Stephen Raudenbush, Marshall Jean, and Emily Art find that students learn less if they attend schools with high student turnover during the school year – a common occurrence in poor schools. And David Kirk and Robert Sampson show that teacher commitment, parental involvement, and student achievement in schools in high-crime neighborhoods all tend to be low. For generations of Americans, public education provided the springboard to upward mobility. This pioneering volume casts a stark light on the ways rising inequality may now be compromising schools’ functioning, and with it the promise of equal opportunity in America.

Download or read book Steady Gains and Stalled Progress written by Katherine Magnuson and published by Russell Sage Foundation. This book was released on 2008-10-09 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Addressing the disparity in test scores between black and white children remains one of the greatest social challenges of our time. Between the 1960s and 1980s, tremendous strides were made in closing the achievement gap, but that remarkable progress halted abruptly in the mid 1980s, and stagnated throughout the 1990s. How can we understand these shifting trends and their relation to escalating economic inequality? In Steady Gains and Stalled Progress, interdisciplinary experts present a groundbreaking analysis of the multifaceted reasons behind the test score gap—and the policies that hold the greatest promise for renewed progress in the future. Steady Gains and Stalled Progress shows that while income inequality does not directly lead to racial differences in test scores, it creates and exacerbates disparities in schools, families, and communities—which do affect test scores. Jens Ludwig and Jacob Vigdor demonstrate that the period of greatest progress in closing the gap coincided with the historic push for school desegregation in the 1960s and 1970s. Stagnation came after efforts to integrate schools slowed down. Today, the test score gap is nearly 50 percent larger in states with the highest levels of school segregation. Katherine Magnuson, Dan Rosenbaum, and Jane Waldfogel show how parents' level of education affects children's academic performance: as educational attainment for black parents increased in the 1970s and 1980s, the gap in children's test scores narrowed. Sean Corcoran and William Evans present evidence that teachers of black students have less experience and are less satisfied in their careers than teachers of white students. David Grissmer and Elizabeth Eiseman find that the effects of economic deprivation on cognitive and emotional development in early childhood lead to a racial divide in school readiness on the very first day of kindergarten. Looking ahead, Helen Ladd stresses that the task of narrowing the divide is not one that can or should be left to schools alone. Progress will resume only when policymakers address the larger social and economic forces behind the problem. Ronald Ferguson masterfully interweaves the volume's chief findings to highlight the fact that the achievement gap is the cumulative effect of many different processes operating in different contexts. The gap in black and white test scores is one of the most salient features of racial inequality today. Steady Gains and Stalled Progress provides the detailed information and powerful insight we need to understand a complicated past and design a better future.

Download or read book An Uneven Start written by Richard J. Coley and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 75 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Handbook of Research in Education Finance and Policy written by Helen F. Ladd and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-12-17 with total page 693 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sponsored by the Association for Education Finance and Policy (AEFP), the second edition of this groundbreaking handbook assembles in one place the existing research-based knowledge in education finance and policy, with particular attention to elementary and secondary education. Chapters from the first edition have been fully updated and revised to reflect current developments, new policies, and recent research. With new chapters on teacher evaluation, alternatives to traditional public schooling, and cost-benefit analysis, this volume provides a readily available current resource for anyone involved in education finance and policy. The Handbook of Research in Education Finance and Policy traces the evolution of the field from its initial focus on school inputs and revenue sources used to finance these inputs, to a focus on educational outcomes and the larger policies used to achieve them. Chapters show how decision making in school finance inevitably interacts with decisions about governance, accountability, equity, privatization, and other areas of education policy. Because a full understanding of important contemporary issues requires inputs from a variety of perspectives, the Handbook draws on contributors from a number of disciplines. Although many of the chapters cover complex, state-of-the-art empirical research, the authors explain key concepts in language that non-specialists can understand. This comprehensive, balanced, and accessible resource provides a wealth of factual information, data, and wisdom to help educators improve the quality of education in the United States.

Download or read book Reparable Harm written by Lois M. Davis and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Los Angeles area has the most severe traffic congestion in the United States. Trends in many of the underlying causal factors suggest that congestion will continue to worsen in the coming years, absent significant policy intervention. Excessive traffic congestion detracts from quality of life, is economically wasteful and environmentally damaging, and exacerbates social-justice concerns. Finding efficient and equitable strategies for mitigating congestion will therefore serve many social goals. The authors recommend strategies for reducing congestion in Los Angeles County that could be implemented and produce significant improvements within about five years. To manage peak-hour auto travel, raise transportation revenue, improve alternative transportation options, and use existing capacity more efficiently, they recommend 10 primary strategies: improve signal control and timing; restrict curb parking on busy thoroughfares; implement paired one-way streets; promote ride-sharing, telecommuting, and flexible work schedules; develop a high-occupancy toll-lane network; vary curb-parking rates with demand, enforce the current parking cash-out law; promote deep-discount transit passes; expand bus rapid transit and bus-only lanes; and implement a regionally connected bicycle network. In addition, three recommendations may help, depending on the outcome of current events: evaluate arterial incident management, consider cordon congestion tolls, and levy local fuel taxes to raise transit revenue. Given that some of the recommendations may prove controversial, the authors also outline complementary strategies for building political consensus.

Download or read book Reframing School Readiness written by Nicole Colette King and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The “school readiness gap” has been attributed to differences in family life, home school connections, and social inequalities. The current school-parent partnership model fails to acknowledge the ways in which parent roles in education, and the home-school relations in which they are embedded, reflect broader social inequalities that affect students. This study utilized a narratological case study approach to examine the school readiness beliefs of African-American and Latina Head Start parents. The guiding research questions were: How do parents conceptualize school readiness and transition practices? Two sub questions were asked: (1) What specific behaviors do parents use to promote their children’s school readiness? and (2) What other factors do parents believe help to promote their children’s transition to kindergarten? Parents’ beliefs about school readiness were examined utilizing a theoretical framework informed by Yosso’s (2005) model of community cultural wealth, Ladson Billings and Tate’s (1995) critical race theory, and the concept of cultural capital. The participants in this study included three African-American parents and three Latina parents. This study extends current research on parent beliefs about school readiness by examining data sources including in-depth interviews, readiness protocols, and surveys. The research findings suggest the community cultural wealth model offers a framework to acknowledge multiple means of capital that parents access to support their children. The results recognize the diverse perspectives of kindergarten readiness held by parents, which suggests that schools work actively to gain insight into parental desires and interests, which may not be raised explicitly by parents themselves.

Download or read book School Readiness and the Transition to Kindergarten in the Era of Accountability written by Robert C. Pianta and published by Brookes Publishing Company. This book was released on 2007 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: More than 30 highly respected experts contribute cutting-edge information to give readers a comprehensive look at early education and kindergarten transition.;;

Download or read book Healthy Development in Young Children written by Vincent C. Alfonso and published by American Psychological Association (APA). This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contributors -- Preface and acknowledgements -- Introduction: The importance of early childhood development, education, and intervention -- I. Assessment -- II. Preparing for school : ensuring academic success -- III. High-quality learning environments -- IV. Special populations -- V. Advocacy for early education -- Index -- About the editors.