Download or read book Diseases Know No Frontiers written by Great Britain: Parliament: House of Lords: Select Committee on Intergovernmental Organisations and published by The Stationery Office. This book was released on 2008 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report, (HLP 143-I, session 2007-08, ISBN 9780104013304) is from a new ad hoc Select Committee on Intergovernmental Organisations and reviews the effectiveness with which such organisations are tackling the global spread of infectious diseases and how the UK's membership is beneficial. The advent of globalisation and changes in human lifestyles have enabled new infections to emerge. The Committee has taken evidence from many organisations including governmental, intergovernmental, charitable and private sources and that the general landscape of international health is crowded and poorly coordinated. Despite this, the Committee believes that the process of coordinating structures has to be evolutionary and that the leadership function must rest with the World Health Organisation. Further, that the WHO's remit and resources should be developed in order to encourage and support collaboration and rationalisation amongst the various bodies. The targeting of specific diseases or groups of diseases needs to be done in coordination with improving the quality and quantity of health systems generally. This coordinated approach is specifically required in the area of infectious disease surveillance, with many developing countries seriously deficient in this respect. The Committee also believes that the focus has been on the treatment of infectious diseases as opposed to prevention, creating an imbalance in investment. There should also be more effective coordination between intergovernmental systems conducting surveillance of human and animal diseases. For Vol. 2, Evidence (see ISBN 9780104013298).
Download or read book Diseases Know No Frontiers Evidence written by Great Britain. Parliament House of Lords. Select Committee on Intergovernmental Organisations and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Disease Control Priorities Third Edition Volume 6 written by King K. Holmes and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2017-11-06 with total page 1027 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Infectious diseases are the leading cause of death globally, particularly among children and young adults. The spread of new pathogens and the threat of antimicrobial resistance pose particular challenges in combating these diseases. Major Infectious Diseases identifies feasible, cost-effective packages of interventions and strategies across delivery platforms to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS, other sexually transmitted infections, tuberculosis, malaria, adult febrile illness, viral hepatitis, and neglected tropical diseases. The volume emphasizes the need to effectively address emerging antimicrobial resistance, strengthen health systems, and increase access to care. The attainable goals are to reduce incidence, develop innovative approaches, and optimize existing tools in resource-constrained settings.
Download or read book What National and Subnational Interventions and Policies Based on Mediterranean and Nordic Diets are Recommended Or Implemented in the WHO European Region written by Centers of Disease Control and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2018-04-24 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This review focuses on national and subnational Mediterranean diet (MD) and Nordic diet (ND) interventions and policies in the WHO European Region. In the context of increasing noncommunicable disease (NCD) burden and unhealthy diets, there is a need to continue identifying optimal, evidence-informed diets and interventions for the prevention and control of NCDs. The MD and ND have been identified as region-specific healthy diets. To support decision-makers in shaping context-specific diet and nutrition policies, this review provides a summary of the NCD burden and activities in the Region; outlines the NCD-related health benefits of the MD and ND; describes interventions and policies in 15 countries; reviews four identified studies into the effectiveness of MD and ND policies on NCD outcomes; and discusses policy implications and options. In the context of MD and ND interventions for NCDs, there remains a Region-wide need to increase translation of evidence into action, monitor and evaluate the impact of existing policies on NCD outcomes and share activities through public platforms to support information sharing.
Download or read book What Is the Evidence on the Role of the Arts in Improving Health and Well Being written by Daisy Fancourt and published by . This book was released on 2019-06 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past two decades, there has been a major increase in research into the effects of the arts on health and well-being, alongside developments in practice and policy activities in different countries across the WHO European Region and further afield. This report synthesizes the global evidence on the role of the arts in improving health and well-being, with a specific focus on the WHO European Region. Results from over 3000 studies identified a major role for the arts in the prevention of ill health, promotion of health, and management and treatment of illness across the lifespan. The reviewed evidence included study designs such as uncontrolled pilot studies, case studies, small-scale cross-sectional surveys, nationally representative longitudinal cohort studies, community-wide ethnographies and randomized controlled trials from diverse disciplines. The beneficial impact of the arts could be furthered through acknowledging and acting on the growing evidence base; promoting arts engagement at the individual, local and national levels; and supporting cross-sectoral collaboration.
Download or read book HL Paper 143 II House of Lords Select Committee on Intergovernmental Organisations Diseases Know No Frontiers How Effective are Intergovernmental Organisations in Controlling Their Spread Volume II written by and published by The Stationery Office. This book was released on with total page 592 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Minutes of Evidence Taken Before the Royal Commission on Agriculture Evidence taken in England written by Great Britain. Royal Commission on Agriculture in India and published by . This book was released on 1927 with total page 924 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ethical and Legal Considerations in Mitigating Pandemic Disease written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2007-07-08 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent public workshops and working group meetings, the Forum on Microbial Threats of the Institute of Medicine (IOM) has examined a variety of infectious disease outbreaks with pandemic potential, including those caused by influenza (IOM, 2005) and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) (IOM, 2004). Particular attention has been paid to the potential pandemic threat posed by the H5N1 strain of avian influenza, which is now endemic in many Southeast Asian bird populations. Since 2003, the H5N1 subtype of avian influenza has caused 185 confirmed human deaths in 11 countries, including some cases of viral transmission from human to human (WHO, 2007). But as worrisome as these developments are, at least they are caused by known pathogens. The next pandemic could well be caused by the emergence of a microbe that is still unknown, much as happened in the 1980s with the emergence of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and in 2003 with the appearance of the SARS coronavirus. Previous Forum meetings on pandemic disease have discussed the scientific and logistical challenges associated with pandemic disease recognition, identification, and response. Participants in these earlier meetings also recognized the difficulty of implementing disease control strategies effectively. Ethical and Legal Considerations in Mitigating Pandemic Disease: Workshop Summary as a factual summary of what occurred at the workshop.
Download or read book Communities in Action written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-04-27 with total page 583 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.
Download or read book Health and Human Rights written by Thérèse Murphy and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2013-08-02 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book aims to bolster the burgeoning discourse of health and human rights. In so doing, it charts the history of the linkage between health and human rights. It also pinpoints the sense of imperative that surrounds this relationship. More importantly, the book identifies a series of threats and challenges facing attempts to link health and human rights and proposes how these might be addressed. Amongst other things, it asks: is conflict between risk and rights inevitable in the context of infectious disease control? Is reproductive choice a bad argument in the context of reproductive technologies? Is it sensible for human rights to make use of measurement tools such as indicators? Is the 'cost of human rights' an argument that can and should be used by proponents of human rights? The answers it gives to these questions are original and engaging and will be of great interest to a diverse audience, including scholars and policy-makers in these areas.
Download or read book Exploring the Frontiers of Innovation to Tackle Microbial Threats written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2020-09-10 with total page 179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On December 4â€"5, 2019, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine held a 1.5-day public workshop titled Exploring the Frontiers of Innovation to Tackle Microbial Threats. The workshop participants examined major advances in scientific, technological, and social innovations against microbial threats. Such innovations include diagnostics, vaccines (both development and production), and antimicrobials, as well as nonpharmaceutical interventions and changes in surveillance. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.
Download or read book The Politics of Surveillance and Response to Disease Outbreaks written by Sara E. Davies and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-02-24 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The capacity to conduct international disease outbreak surveillance and share information about outbreaks quickly has empowered both State and Non-State Actors to take an active role in stopping the spread of disease by generating new technical means to identify potential pandemics through the creation of shared reporting platforms. Despite all the rhetoric about the importance of infectious disease surveillance, the concept itself has received relatively little critical attention from academics, practitioners, and policymakers. This book asks leading contributors in the field to engage with five key issues attached to international disease outbreak surveillance - transparency, local engagement, practical needs, integration, and appeal - to illuminate the political effect of these technologies on those who use surveillance, those who respond to surveillance, and those being monitored.
Download or read book Microbial Evolution and Co Adaptation written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2009-05-10 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dr. Joshua Lederberg - scientist, Nobel laureate, visionary thinker, and friend of the Forum on Microbial Threats - died on February 2, 2008. It was in his honor that the Institute of Medicine's Forum on Microbial Threats convened a public workshop on May 20-21, 2008, to examine Dr. Lederberg's scientific and policy contributions to the marketplace of ideas in the life sciences, medicine, and public policy. The resulting workshop summary, Microbial Evolution and Co-Adaptation, demonstrates the extent to which conceptual and technological developments have, within a few short years, advanced our collective understanding of the microbiome, microbial genetics, microbial communities, and microbe-host-environment interactions.
Download or read book Human Frontiers Environments and Disease written by Tony McMichael and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2001-06-28 with total page 632 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This compelling account charts the relentless trajectory of humankind, and its changing survival and disease patterns, across place and time from when our ancient ancestors roamed the African Savannah to today's populous, industrialised, globalising world. This expansion of human frontiers - geographic, climatic, cultural and technological - has encountered frequent setbacks from disease, famine and dwindling resources. The social and environmental transformations wrought by agrarianism, industrialisation, fertility control, social modernisation, urbanisation and mass consumption have profoundly affected patterns of health and disease. Today, as life expectancies rise, the planet's ecosystems are being damaged by the combined weight of population size and intensive economic activity. Global warming, stratospheric ozone depletion and loss of biodiversity pose large-scale hazards to human health and survival. Recognising this, can we achieve a transition to sustainability? This and other profound questions underlie this chronicle of expansive human activity, social change, environmental impact and their health consequences.
Download or read book Emergency Ethics written by Michael J. Selgelid and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-03-02 with total page 943 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emergencies are extreme events which threaten to cause massive disruption to society and negatively affect the physical and psychological well-being of its members. They raise important practical and theoretical questions about how we should treat each other in times of ’crisis’. The articles selected for this volume focus on the nature and significance of emergencies; ethical issues in emergency public policy and law; war, terrorism and supreme emergencies; and public health and humanitarian emergencies. Together they demonstrate the normative implications of emergencies and provide multi-disciplinary perspectives on the ethics of emergency response.
Download or read book Investing to Overcome the Global Impact of Neglected Tropical Diseases written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2015-08-05 with total page 211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The presence, or absence, of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) can be seen as a proxy for poverty and for the success of interventions aimed at reducing poverty. Today, coverage of the public-health interventions recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) against NTDs may be interpreted as a proxy for universal health coverage and shared prosperity - in short, a proxy for coverage against neglect. As the world's focus shifts from development to sustainable development, from poverty eradication to shared prosperity, and from disease-specific goals to universal health coverage, control of NTDs will assume an important role towards the target of achieving universal health coverage, including individual financial risk protection. Success in overcoming NTDs is a "litmus test" for universal health coverage against NTDs in endemic countries. The first WHO report on NTDs (2010) set the scene by presenting the evidence for how these interventions had produced results. The second report (2013) assessed the progress made in deploying them and detailed the obstacles to their implementation. This third report analyses for the first time the investments needed to achieve the scale up of implementation required to achieve the targets of the WHO Roadmap on NTDs and universal coverage against NTDs. INVESTING TO OVERCOME THE GLOBAL IMPACT OF NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES presents an investment strategy for NTDs and analyses the specific investment case for prevention, control, elimination and eradication of 12 of the 17 NTDs. Such an analysis is justified following the adoption by the Sixty-sixth World Health Assembly in 2013 of resolution WHA6612 on neglected tropical diseases, which called for sufficient and predictable funding to achieve the Roadmap's targets and sustain control efforts. The report cautions, however, that it is wise investment and not investment alone that will yield success. The report registers progress and challenges and signals those that lie ahead. Climate change is expected to increase the spread of several vector-borne NTDs, notably dengue, transmission of which is directly influenced by temperature, rainfall, relative humidity and climate variability primarily through their effects on the vector. Investments in vector-borne diseases will avoid the potentially catastrophic expenditures associated with their control. The presence of NTDs will thereby signal an early warning system for climate-sensitive diseases. The ultimate goal is to deliver enhanced and equitable interventions to the most marginalized populations in the context of a changing public-health and investment landscape to ensure that all peoples affected by NTDs have an opportunity to lead healthier and wealthier lives."--Publisher's description.
Download or read book Hiv aids written by Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. International Development Committee and published by The Stationery Office. This book was released on 2008 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Department for International Development (DFID) launched its new HIV/AIDS Strategy "Achieving Universal Access: the UK's strategy for halting and reversing the spread of HIV in the developing world" in June 2008. DFID is widely acknowledged as a global leader in tackling HIV/AIDS, particularly amongst vulnerable and marginalised groups, including women and children. Its Strategy provides an excellent analysis of the challenges faced in tackling HIV/AIDS effectively. It makes substantial financial commitments, most notably £6 billion over seven years to strengthen health systems in partner countries, and £1 billion over the same period for the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria. Direct and specific HIV/AIDS funding of this kind continues to be necessary to fill the gaps in prevention and treatment services in high-prevalence countries. But the Strategy is strong on rhetoric but weak in communicating how DFID will implement it. There are few measurable targets or indicators of how the Strategy's effectiveness will be assessed. DFID fails to explain how the high-level funding commitments will be broken down by country or sector, making it difficult to understand how implementation will occur on the ground. The Committee has concerns that social protection programmes, which are now DFID's main instrument for assisting children orphaned and made vulnerable by HIV/AIDS, will not be specifically targeted at this vulnerable. The overall aim of the Strategy is universal access to HIV prevention, treatment and care, but the target date for achieving this is only two years away in 2010.
