Download or read book Redlining in Boston written by Geoffrey Matthew Bemis Tootell and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book What We Know About Mortgage Lending Discrimination in America written by Margery Austin Turner and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2000-07 with total page 69 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. Department of Housing and Human Development (HUD) presents the report "What We Know About Mortgage Lending Discrimination in America." The report outlines how discrimination can affect access to mortgage capital for minorities.
Download or read book Discrimination and Mortgage Lending in Boston written by Cullen F. Goenner and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1992 the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston conducted an analysis that examined the effects of race on mortgage lending in the Boston Metropolitan Statistical Area. Collecting data on all the possibly relevant information used in the lending process, they find when controlling for a subset of this information that race has a statistically significant effect on the decision to reject a mortgage application. Other researchers, using the same dataset, have shown that analysis of alternative subsets of the variables significantly reduces the effects of race. While theory should guide variable selection, there is often no unique theory to explain social science. In such cases, uncertainty in model specification causes one to be uncertain as to the true effects of the variables of interest. This paper accounts for the effects of model uncertainty by using Bayesian model averaging and finds a reduced effect of race and weakened evidence concerning the statistical significance of the effect.
Download or read book Mortgage Lending Racial Discrimination and Federal Policy written by John Goering and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-12-20 with total page 743 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1997, this volume features a wealth of contributions discussing mortgage lending discrimination and the role of the FHA, fair lending enforcement and the Decatur case, along with the future of mortgage discrimination research. This key civil rights debate in the wake of the Fair Housing Act 25 years prior is evaluated and clarified through rigorous review of fair lending research, applied projects and enforcement activities to date. It argues forcefully that the right to take out a mortgage to buy a home should be conditioned only upon one’s credit worthiness and not on one’s race or ethnic group.
Download or read book Mortgage Lending Discrimination written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Financial Services and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mortgage Lending in Boston written by Glenn W. Harrison and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Is there statistical evidence of racial discrimination in home mortgage markets? The Boston Fed recently addressed this concern head-on, by collecting all available data from loan applications in Boston. They find that the extent of discrimination is reduced after one accounts for all of the confounding variables measured in these applications, but that it remains statistically significant. However, their strong conclusions are unwarranted due to the use of invalid statistical methods. Correctly evaluated, their data provide no significant evidence of racial discrimination in mortgage markets.
Download or read book Mortgage Lending written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Discriminatory Mortgage Lending Patterns written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Banking, Finance, and Urban Affairs and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book An Evaluation of the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston s Study of Racial Discrimination in Mortgage Lending written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Color of Credit written by Stephen L. Ross and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2002-11-08 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An analysis of current findings on mortgage-lending discrimination and suggestions for new procedures to improve its detection. In 2000, homeownership in the United States stood at an all-time high of 67.4 percent, but the homeownership rate was more than 50 percent higher for non-Hispanic whites than for blacks or Hispanics. Homeownership is the most common method for wealth accumulation and is viewed as critical for access to the most desirable communities and most comprehensive public services. Homeownership and mortgage lending are linked, of course, as the vast majority of home purchases are made with the help of a mortgage loan. Barriers to obtaining a mortgage represent obstacles to attaining the American dream of owning one's own home. These barriers take on added urgency when they are related to race or ethnicity. In this book Stephen Ross and John Yinger discuss what has been learned about mortgage-lending discrimination in recent years. They re-analyze existing loan-approval and loan-performance data and devise new tests for detecting discrimination in contemporary mortgage markets. They provide an in-depth review of the 1996 Boston Fed Study and its critics, along with new evidence that the minority-white loan-approval disparities in the Boston data represent discrimination, not variation in underwriting standards that can be justified on business grounds. Their analysis also reveals several major weaknesses in the current fair-lending enforcement system, namely, that it entirely overlooks one of the two main types of discrimination (disparate impact), misses many cases of the other main type (disparate treatment), and insulates some discriminating lenders from investigation. Ross and Yinger devise new procedures to overcome these weaknesses and show how the procedures can also be applied to discrimination in loan-pricing and credit-scoring.
Download or read book The Gap Persists written by Fair Housing Center of Greater Boston and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Discrimination in Financial Services written by George J. Benston and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Equal treatment in access to credit has long been a fundamental social goal in the United States. However, despite the passage of several laws in the U.S. prohibiting discrimination in the provision of financial services on the basis of race, gender, and marital status, among other factors, questions concerning the existence of racial discrimination in such areas as home mortgage loans and small business credit continue, and confound public policy makers. This book is composed of nine articles and a panel discussion, originally published as a special issue of the Journal of Financial Services Research. These contributions explore the complex issue of discrimination in financial services.
Download or read book Residential Mortgage Lending Discrimination and Lender Risk Compensating Policies written by Henry Buist and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Boston Federal Reserve study (Munnell et al. 1996) concluded that illegal discrimination is a statistically significant contributor to the observed gap between white and minority residential-mortgage rejection rates. The Boston study speculated that discrimination arises because lenders do not equally apply risk compensation or mitigation policies for imperfect loans. Using the same 1990 Boston loan application data, our study specifically examines the relation between compensating policies and discrimination. Since compensating policies are encouraged by secondary-mortgage-market sale guidelines, we model both the lender's origination decision and its loan sale decision. Using a rule-based artificial-intelligence technique applied to each lender, we infer compensating policies (rules) that equally apply to all races and explain lending decisions. A minority-race indicator loses its statistical significance when an indicator of compensating-policy violations appears in the loan acceptreject equation. This result reflects the fact that the risk levels of marginal minority loans tend to be more extreme than those of marginal white loans. However, the result does not necessarily reject the existence of discrimination. Equally applied policies may be empirically indistinguishable from unfairly applied policies. In addition, equally applied policies may fail the adverse-impact doctrine if they do not serve a business necessity (such as profits). The industry's move away from discretionary, rule-based decisions to mortgage scoring answers the need for a decision framework that rigorously uses loan performance to evaluate all loan applicants fairly.
Download or read book Your Loan is Denied written by Brenda Payton and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Role of Race in Mortgage Lending written by Raphael W. Bostic and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Residential Mortgage Lending Disparities in Washington D C written by United States Commission on Civil Rights. District of Columbia Advisory Committee and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Federal Regulations and Mortgage Lending Discrimination written by Christine R. Thompson and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
