Download or read book Discovery of New Oil Degrading Bacteria with Biosurfactant Production Ability from Oily Tailings Pond Waste Refinery Contaminated Soil Light and Heavy Crude Oils for Remediation of Crude Oil in Water written by Mohammad Rahimi and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract Discovery of New Oil-Degrading Bacteria with Biosurfactant Production Ability from Oily Tailings Pond Waste, Refinery-Contaminated Soil, Light and Heavy Crude Oils for Remediation of Crude Oil in Water Mohammad Rahimi, M.A.Sc. Concordia University, 2019 Contamination of water and soil with crude oil and petroleum compounds frequently occurs. Removal of oil contamination is often not economically feasible by traditional remediation techniques. Therefore, the development of effective, fast, and bio-based remediation methods that can lessen the damaging effects of oil contamination and lower treatment costs are of great importance. Numerous oil-degrading bacteria with biosurfactant production ability have been isolated from oil-related environments. However, less attention has been given to the application of these compounds in the oil-related activities. The objectives of this study were to discover potential oil-degrading bacteria with biosurfactant (BS) production ability with potential application for crude oil bioremediation from oily tailings pond waste, refinery-contaminated soil, light and heavy crude oils by using the enrichment culture technique. The biodegradation tests were conducted in Erlenmeyer flasks containing water (350 mL, pH 7, salinity of 30 ppt) amended with nutrients and crude oil as the only carbon source (2 mL). The contribution of discovered oil-degrading bacteria in the crude oil biodegradation was determined at different periods of biodegradation by analysis of the remaining of total petroleum hydrocarbons using a gas chromatograph (GC-FID). Moreover, the production and properties of produced biosurfactants were assessed through surface tension (ST) and oil-displacement tests. A total of five oil-degrading bacteria species were discovered from oily tailings pond waste (1 species), refinery-contaminated soil (two species), light crude oil (one species) and heavy crude oil (one species). All species showed biosurfactant production ability. The lowest surface tensions of supernatants at the end of the biodegradation period were between 55 mN/m to 40 mN/m. The minimum ST belonged to the BS produced by species discovered from oily tailings pond waste (40 mN/m). Moreover, an average crude oil biodegradation of 70% was obtained with the isolated bacteria from samples following five weeks of incubation. This study confirmed the fast and effective biodegradation of crude oil by the isolated bacteria with the biosurfactant production as the main mechanism of oil uptake.
Download or read book BIODEGRADATION OF CRUDE OIL CONTAMINATED SOIL BY MICROBIAL INOCULANTS written by Dr. B. Bharathi and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Microbial Action on Hydrocarbons written by Vivek Kumar and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-02-08 with total page 664 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book discusses ways to overcome the side effects of using hydrocarbon-based products as energy sources. Hydrocarbons produce raw crude oil waste of around 600,000 metric tons per annum, with a range of uncertainty of 200,000 metric tons per year. The various chapters in this book focus on approaches to reduce these wastes through the application of potential microbes, in a process called bioremediation. The book is a one-stop reference resource on the methods, mechanisms and application of the bio-composites, in the laboratory and field. Focusing on resolving a very pressing environmental issue, it not only provides details of existing challenges, but also offers deeper insights into the possibility of solving problems using hydrocarbon bioremediation.
Download or read book Biosurfactant Production and Applications in Oil Contaminate Control written by Qinhong Cai and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Surfactants are a versatile group of chemicals. They are amphiphilic compounds that exert impacts at interfaces among air, water, oil, and solid phases. Currently, the prevalent players in the market are chemically synthesized surfactants, which have concerns of considerable toxicity and low biodegradability. Because they are mainly derived from fossil fuels, they are not sustainable in the long run and the production costs are subjected to the price variance of raw materials. In view of these limitations, biosurfactants have been proposed as promising alternatives. They are surfactant molecules produced by microorganisms during their growth. Biosurfactants exist naturally in the environment and play some roles in the ecosystem even without human interferences. In this dissertation we define this virtue as "environmental friendly". They are also renewable and non/less toxic. They have also been found with the intriguing advantages such as enormous structural diversity, lower critical micellar concentrations (CMCs), and the feasibility to use renewable and/or waste streams as the source of production. Biosurfactants are considered as multifunctional biomolecules of the 21st century with a thriving global market share. Their applications in environmental and oil industries are among the top market sectors thanks to their environmental friendly nature. In order to harness the power of biosurfactants, the economic effectiveness of production of these molecules needs improvements. The inocula/microorganisms are the engine of a production process, which determine the maximum yield potential and the functionality of biosurfactants, yet limited inocula have been reported. The functional diversity of biosurfactants includes emulsification, dissolution, dispersion, emulsion breaking, reduction in viscosity, and surface activity, which result in a broad spectrum of potential applications in oil contaminate control including soil washing, enhanced bioremediation, oily wastewater treatment, and spilled oil dispersion. However, limited research efforts have been placed into evaluating the application potential of biosurfactants in oil contaminate control. The objectives of this thesis are to 1) identify novel and robust biosurfactant producing microorganisms and develop hyper-production mutants; 2) examine the functionality of the produced biosurfactants; and 3) investigate the potential of using these produced biosurfactants in diverse applications of oil contaminate control. The outputs of the thesis include: (1) the successful isolation, identification, characterization and functionality analysis of one-hundred-and-fourteen biosurfactant producing and oil degrading marine bacteria; (2) the discovery of a novel bacterial species, Alcanivorax atlaticus for the first time and its proposed type strain with comprehensive genotype and phenotype characterizations; (3) an in-depth characterization, functionality analysis and application demonstration of a novel bioemulsifier (exmulsins) and its bacterium (Exiguobacterium sp. N4-1P); (4) reporting of thirty-seven novel oil-in-water emulsion breaking marine bacteria for oily wastewater treatment, and a recommended screening strategy for their identification; (5) the first attempt to genetically modify Rhodococcus strains for hyper production of biosurfactant and to investigate the dispersing abilities of the the produced biosurfactants; and (6) a comprehensive investigation of 4 types of biosurfactants produced from selected isolates and mutants as marine oil spill dispersants.
Download or read book Advancement of Biosurfactant Production and Biosurfactant aided Pollution Remediation written by Zhiwen Zhu and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biosurfactant enhanced soil washing and/or bioremediation have been proven as promising technologies for cleaning up petroleum hydrocarbon contaminants (PHCs)- and heavy metals- contaminated soil and groundwater. As environmentally friendly amphiphiles, biosurfactants display promising wetting, solubilization, and emulsification properties. Biosurfactant addition can enhance the mobility and bioavailability of entrapped PHCs in porous media, and finally improve their removal. Biosurfactants can also reduce the heavy metal toxicity and assist their removal through acting as metal complexing agents. The availability of economic biosurfactants, however, has become a major obstacle to their applications. In addition, little research has been conducted to investigate the role of biosurfactants, especially lipopeptides, in contaminated subsurface cleanup process and their impacts on oil degrading microbes. To fill the knowledge gaps, a number of methodologies and mechanisms aimed at economical biosurfactant production and advanced biosurfactant enhanced subsurface co-contamination control have been investigated. Economical lipopeptide production by Bacillus Substilis N3-1P using fish waste as an unconventional medium was achieved. The lipopeptide production was further enhanced using immobilized robust biocatalysts on porous fly ash by Bacillus Substilis N3-1P, and the associated mechanisms were explored. The lipopeptide production by Bacillus Substilis N3-4P was optimized and its application for crude oil removal was examined. The impact of the generated biosurfactant on the biodegradation of PHCs in presence of heavy metals was finally evaluated. The newly developed lipopeptide production methodologies and the associated mechanisms helped to break down the barriers impeding economical biosurfactant production. The research outcomes (e.g., fish-waste-based hydrolysate, fly ash (FA) - based robust biocatalyst and optimized growth medium) could contribute to a cost-efficient biosurfactant production through proper selection of waste materials, advanced bioreactor design and medium optimization. This dissertation research was also a first attempt to identify the role of lipopeptides in cell surface associated biodegradation mechanisms in a co-contaminated environment. This research could help implement effective soil and groundwater remediation practices and bring short/long-term benefits to the governments, industries and communities at regional, national and international levels.
Download or read book Enhanced Bioremediation of a Soil Contaminated with Both Petroleum Hydrocarbons and Heavy Metals with In soil Biosurfactant Production written by Faramarz Jalali and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soils that are co-contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons and metals account for 55% of all hazardous waste sites and are hard to decontaminate because of the different nature of the remedial treatment required. Biosurfactant-producing microorganisms are present in many environments and can be stimulated to produce them under favorable conditions. This dissertation investigates the effect of biosurfactant production by indigenous microorganisms of a co-contaminated soil. A soil that was heavily contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons and metals was acquired from the Toronto Harbour area. Phase one of the study evaluated the extent of the biodegradation of organic pollutants as well as the feasibility of biosurfactant production by the produced microorganisms. Results show that by the end of the experiment (50 days) batches amended with nutrients produced biosurfactants up to 3 times their critical micelle concentration (CMC). The produced surfactants caused the concentration of TPH and metals in the filtrate to increase from 2 to 8% and from 2 to 4%, respectively. In the phase two of the experiments the production of biosurfactants was enhanced by 40% by limiting the inorganic source of nitrogen in the batches, following a short growth phase. The produced biosurfactants were able to wash 10% of TPH and 6% of the metal content of the soil. The results indicate that biosurfactants can be produced by the indigenous soil microorganisms using organic contaminants as the sole carbon source. Furthermore, the produced biosurfactants showed potential to enhance biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons as well as to improve flushing of the remaining soil pollutant from soil.
Download or read book Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery from Oily Sludge Using a Novel Plug Flow Reactor System written by Oluwademilade Martha Fayemiwo and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The refining and transportation of crude oil often results in an inevitable accumulation of recalcitrant waste products such as oily sludge. Remediation processes such as landfarming and anaerobic landfilling have been recently ruled as inappropriate disposal methods, due to the length of time it takes for remediation to reach completion, as well as the uncontrollable release of harmful organics into the soil, atmosphere and potentially groundwater. This study focused on a biological treatment method for oily sludge using a plug flow reactor system. Biosurfactant-producing bacteria, Bacillus cereus, Klebsiella oxytoca and Cronobacter dublinensis were isolated from petroleum-contaminated and uncontaminated soil samples. Optimal growth of the bacteria was observed when incubated at ±30°C and biosurfactant activity was confirmed using the drop-collapse test. Oily sludge was simulated in the laboratory using fumed silica as intermediate compound to form Pickering emulsions. The recovery of oil involved the comparison of a plug flow system and a batch system. The plug flow system achieved up to 85% oil recovery from oily sludge while the batch system only achieved a maximum of 30% elution of the aqueous phase. The effect of waterflooding, in conjunction with biosurfactant-producing bacteria on the batch system had negligible effect while on the plug flow system, an increase of ±10% in percentage recovery was observed. GC-MS analysis of oil before and after the recovery process showed a reduction of concentration of certain compounds, suggesting possible degradation by bacteria or loss due to volatilization. TOC analysis showed a reduction in TOC of residual sludge, after completion of recovery process, suggesting degradation activity by bacteria trapped in the sludge matrix after the completion of the recovery process. Fifteen days after completion of recovery process, residual sludge from the plug flow system had a low TOC value of 1.03mg/L while sludge from the batch system had a much higher value of 7.119mg/L. The high percentage recovery of oil, coupled with the reduction of sludge TOC to negligible values suggest that MEOR is a feasible method for treatment of oily sludge and can be further investigated as a waste treatment procedure in the petroleum industry.
Download or read book Bioremediation of Crude Oil Contaminated Soil by Petroleum Degrading Active Bacteria written by Jinlan Xu and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bioremediation of Crude Oil Contaminated Soil by Petroleum-Degrading Active Bacteria.
Download or read book The Role of Microorganisms in the Recovery of Oil written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bioremediation of Petroleum and Radiological Contaminated Soils at the Savannah River Site written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the process of Savannah River Site (SRS) operations limited amounts of waste are generated containing petroleum, and radiological contaminated soils. Currently, this combination of radiological and petroleum contaminated waste does not have an immediate disposal route and is being stored in low activity vaults. SRS developed and implemented a successful plan for clean up of the petroleum portion of the soils in situ using simple, inexpensive, bioreactor technology. Treatment in a bioreactor removes the petroleum contamination from the soil without spreading radiological contamination to the environment. This bioreactor uses the bioventing process and bioaugmentation or the addition of the select hydrocarbon degrading bacteria. Oxygen is usually the initial rate-limiting factor in the biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons. Using the bioventing process allowed control of the supply of nutrients and moisture based on petroleum contamination concentrations and soil type. The results of this work have proven to be a safe and cost-effective means of cleaning up low level radiological and petroleum-contaminated soil. Many of the other elements of the bioreactor design were developed or enhanced during the demonstration of a ''biopile'' to treat the soils beneath a Polish oil refinery's waste disposal lagoons. Aerobic microorganisms were isolated from the aged refinery's acidic sludge contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Twelve hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria were isolated from the sludge. The predominant PAH degraders were tentatively identified as Achromobacter, Pseudomonas Burkholderia, and Sphingomonas spp. Several Ralstonia spp were also isolated that produce biosurfactants. Biosurfactants can enhance bioremediation by increasing the bioavailability of hydrophobic contaminants including hydrocarbons. The results indicated that the diversity of acid-tolerant PAH-degrading microorganisms in acidic oil wastes may be much greater than previously demonstrated and they have numerous applications to environmental restoration. Twelve of the isolates were subsequently added to the bioreactor to enhance bioremediation. In this study we showed that a bioreactor could be bioaugmented with select bacteria to enhance bioremediation of petroleum-contaminated soils under radiological conditions.
Download or read book Consequences of Microbial Interactions with Hydrocarbons Oils and Lipids Biodegradation and Bioremediation written by Robert J. Steffan and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book international experts discuss the state-of-the-art in the biological degradation of hydrocarbons to meet remedial or disposal goals. The work focuses on practical applications, often on globally important scales including the remediation of some of the world's largest crude oil spills. Other related chapters discuss important implications of microbial transformation of hydrocarbons, including treatment of high fat processing wastes, impacts of microbial biodegradation activity on industrial processes, and the implications of microbial oil degradation in relation to modern oil extraction processes like hydraulic fracturing of shales and extraction of oil sands.
Download or read book The Microbial Degradation of Oil Pollutants written by Donald G. Ahearn and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 32 papers.
Download or read book Biosurfactant Producing Bacteria written by Huma Nawaz and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2012 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oil spills are huge problem for the environment. Biosurfactant are surface active compounds produced by the microorganisms. They have potential to solubilize hydrocarbon contaminants and make them available for microbial degradation. Present investigation deals with the isolation, characterization of bacterial strains from oil contaminated soil and from oil drilling wells. These isolates were further characterized morphologically, biochemically, physiologically and genetically. Strains which showed positive drop collapse and stable emulsion formation were selected. To check their molecular identification, 16SrRNA gene sequencing analysis was carried out. These strains showed resistance to different metals, antibiotics and have antimicrobial activities against pathogenic strains. All these strains contained plasmids. These strains gave complete decolorization of redox indicator which showed their ability to degrade oil. These biosurfactant producers strains have showed appreciable oil degrading ability which can be exploited for bioremediation of oil contaminated sites and can be helpful in oil spill removal in soil and aquifers which have very harmful effects on environment.
Download or read book Biotechnological Potentials of Microbe Assisted Eco Recovery of Crude Oil Impacted Environment written by Chioma Bertha Ehis-Eriakha and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Globally, the environment is facing a very challenging situation with constant influx of crude oil and its derivatives due to rapid urbanization and industrialization. The release of this essential energy source has caused tremendous consequences on land, water, groundwater, air and biodiversity. Crude oil is a very complex and variable mixture of thousands of individual compounds that can be degraded with microbes with corresponding enzymatic systems harboring the genes. With advances in biotechnology, bioremediation has become one of the most rapidly developing fields of environmental restoration, utilizing microorganisms to reduce the concentration and toxicity of various chemical pollutants, such as petroleum hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, phthalate esters, nitroaromatic compounds and industrial solvents. Different remediation methods have been introduced and applied with varied degrees of success in terms of reduction in contamination concentration without considering ecotoxicity and restoration of biodiversity. Researchers have now developed methods that consider ecotoxicology, environmental sustainability and ecorestoration in remediation of crude oil impacted sites and they are categorized as biotechnological tools such as bioremediation. The approach involves a natural process of microorganisms with inherent genetic capabilities completely mineralizing/degrading contaminants into innocuous substances. Progressive advances in bioremediation such as the use of genetically engineered microbes have become an improved system for empowering microbes to degrade very complex recalcitrant substances through the modification of rate-limiting steps in the metabolic pathway of hydrocarbon degrading microbes to yield increase in mineralization rates or the development of completely new metabolic pathways incorporated into the bacterial strains for the degradation of highly persistent compounds. Other areas discussed in this chapter include the biosurfactant-enhanced bioremediation, microbial and plant bioremediation (phytoremediation), their mechanism of action and the environmental factors influencing the processes.
Download or read book Biosurfactant Enhanced Bioremediation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Contaminated Environmental Media written by Bezza Fisseha Andualem and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a diverse class of toxicants that are ubiquitously and persistently present in the environment. These compounds present a risk for human health and the environment, as they are mutagens, carcinogens and teratogens. Bioremediation has shown promise as a potentially effective and low-cost treatment option, but concerns about the slow process rate and bioavailability limitations have hampered more widespread use of this technology. In the fundamental work of this thesis a series of experiments was designed utilizing the biosurfactant produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa LBP5, LBP9 and CB1. Specifically, these experiments were designed to determine if the presence of various levels of partially purified biosurfactants produced by the isolates, would affect the degradation of a range of PAHs. The biodegradation and biotransformation of PAHs were studied in three bioremedial systems: soil slurry, liquid culture experiments with enriched consortium on PAHs from petroleum contaminated sites and Bioslurry reactor study with autochthonous consortium. Biosurfactant-producing and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon degrading microorganisms were isolated from petroleum-contaminated crane service station soil and creosote contaminated wood treatment plant soils in Pretoria area. Bacterial isolates LBP9 and LBP5 isolated from crane service station soil and isolates CB1, CN2, CN3, CN5 isolated from creosote contaminated soil were found to be the most efficient biosurfactant producing strains. The biosurfactant produced by the strains LBP9, LBP5 and CB1 were extracted and characterized by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR FTIR) and Thin layer chromatography (TLC). Evaluation of the ability of the LBP9 biosurfactant for applications in enhancing biodegradation of mixed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with a consortium of bacteria indicated that the biosurfactant was able to enhance the removal of significant amount of PAHs from the liquid culture medium at different concentrations. In this study at 400 mg/L amendment of lipopeptide the solubility of Phenanthrene, Fluoranthene and Pyrene was increased to 19.4, 33 and 45.4 times their aqueous solubility, respectively, and the extent of substrate utilization rate of the PAHs was enhanced up to 3 fold in the sole substrate microcosms. A second goal of these experiments was to discern the efficacy of exogenous lipopeptide application and stimulation of in situ biosurfactant production through biostimulation / nutrient amendments in the removing of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) from creosote PAH contaminated soil. This work also suggests that it may be more practical to stimulate indigenous biosurfactant production within a soil than to add pre-purified compound. In general, the results presented in the studies show the potential of biosurfactants in assisting the bioremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contaminated environmental media in a reasonable timeframe.
Download or read book Microbial Enhancement of Oil Recovery Recent Advances written by E.C. Donaldson and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1991-04-03 with total page 541 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This conference was instituted to examine field activities in Microbial Enhancement of Oil Recovery. The U.S. Department of Energy has sponsored several field projects and the details from some of these were presented, as well as a few from industry. The balance of the program was concerned with new developments in research.Today's oil production technology leaves one third to one half of the original oil in place in the reservoir at abandonment of secondary recovery (waterflooding). This leaves a very large target for microbial enhanced oil recovery which was shown by the research papers of this conference to be capable of producing up to 50% of the residual oil. The field trials show that the normal projected oil production decline curve can be reversed, or leveled off by microbial enhancement of oil recovery.This conference has shown that a variety of applications are possible to correct oilfield problems as well as to enhance oil recovery. Among these is the suppression of hydrogen sulfide production which alone is a tremendous advance because of the large quantity of sour oil production. If hydrogen sulfide production can be curtailed it would increase the value of the produced oil, decrease it toxicity, and largely decrease it corrosiveness. All of these would be welcome both in the field and at the petroleum refinery where special precautions must be taken to process sour crude oil.Another very important discovery is the ability of certain bacteria to eliminate paraffin deposition around the producing well and in the tubulars. This is a welcome improvement for many producers who have considerable difficulty in controlling paraffin deposition.
Download or read book Petroleum Microbiology written by Trevor Jones and published by Editions OPHRYS. This book was released on with total page 902 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydrocarbons and their derivatives (oxygenated and chlorinated, in particular), both natural and xenobiotic, represent a very large class of compounds whose conversions and degradation by microorganisms cover an extremely rich field, whose concepts are detailed in this book. The fascinating evolution of these concepts over the last twenty years has revealed the extent of the processes implemented in the environment and has multiplied their industrial applications. The resulting achievements and the current developments are described in this book.The English edition of this reference manual is an entirely revised and updated version of the French edition. It is intended for professionals, microbiologists and chemists, as well as scientists, engineers, teachers and post-doctoral researchers, who are interested by the conversions of hydrocarbons and by microbial ecology.The French edition of this book was awarded a special mention for engineering education text book by the Roberval Prize committee in 2007.
