Download or read book Discovery and Design of Heterostructured and Solid Solutioned Nanoparticles written by Connor Mc Cormick and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Synthetic strategies to develop increasingly more complex nanoparticle materials have grown in relevance in recent decades as nanoparticle-based technologies have developed. Specifically, in applications of optics, photocatalysis, thermoelectrics, and medical fields, where having multiple nanomaterials combined in a single nanoparticle, a heterostructure, allows access to multiple functionalities within a single construct. In addition to these additive strategies, precision in physical outcome has been achieved in solid solution nanoparticles, which are alloys of two distinct materials. Designing scalable and solution processable methods to access such materials is far from optimized. Many methods of discovery and design rely on non-scalable methodologies, minimizing their impacts as a basis for retrosynthesis of complex nanoparticles. Colloidal chemistry offers an avenue for fundamentally scalable and solution processable syntheses, but insights into synthetic outcomes can be obscured by the multitude of variables synthesis to synthesis. Specifically, cation exchange is leveraged to generate these heterostructures and solid solutions. Cation exchange is chemical transformation that replaces the host cations in a template material with guest cations from solution. This chemistry has been utilized to generate robust chemistry to design heterostructures and solid solutions. This dissertation contains works that further the goal of developing syntheses to target complex heterostructure and solid solution constructs. Specifically, in chapter 2 I utilize simultaneous multi-cation exchange to generate products with a high number of products. Then through trends in compositions and interfacial arrangement, I iterate different synthetic conditions and re-evaluate product outcomes to determine which product features are targetable and synthetically achievable. Then, these observations of small populations are used to develop syntheses for high-yield targeted syntheses of previously unattainable products. Specifically, high yield syntheses of a (Ni,Co)xS solid solution and two isomers, ZnS - Cu1.8S - (Ni,Co)xS and ZnS - (Ni,Co)xS - Cu1.8S, are realized. The isomers are generated through a different sequence of cation injections. This work serves as a template of how to do exploratory syntheses to discover new and achievable products. Then, building on the observations in chapter 2, I investigate the formation of a high entropy metal sulfide, wurtzite-type Zn0.25Co0.22Cu0.28In0.16Ga0.11S in chapter 3. The formation of a high entropy material was surprising, as typical high entropy material syntheses rely on high temperatures and rapid quenches to trap the high entropy phase. I, however, use cation exchange which leaves the anion scaffolding unaltered and allows for the incoming cations to react with the copper sites to form the solid solution. It is shown that the reaction is not generalizable to make any solid solution but does allow for compositional tuning. Overall, the formation of the high entropy material through cation exchange is revealed to behave similarly to the formation of single cation metal sulfides made through cation exchange. Returning to observations in chapter 2, I investigate the formation of a zinc cobalt sulfide, CoxZn1-xS, solid solution in chapter 4. This solid solution phase is verified to be a metastable phase through DFT modelling in collaboration with Ismaila Dabo and Steven Baksa. Synthetically, the formation of the solid solution is observed across three morphologies (spheres, plates, and rods) of Cu1.8S used as the template material. However, targeting larger amounts of cobalt in the CoxZn1-xS in the nanorods and nanoplates resulted in phase segregation. On Cu1.8S spheres, the full composition range (0

Download or read book Design and Synthesis of Inorganic Nanoparticle Heterostructures Using Cation Exchange Transformations written by Benjamin Colby Steimle and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The properties of nanoscale materials are influenced by their morphology, composition, and crystal structure. These properties can be further modified or improved by forming solid-state interfaces between discrete nanoscale materials. In many cases, the property-defining features of relatively simple, single component nanomaterials can be well controlled, but limited synthetic approaches exist to controllably form interfaces between dissimilar materials. Many of the existing strategies to synthesize such multicomponent nanomaterials, often referred to as heterostructures, rely on multiple known and unknown variables to achieve a desired reaction outcome. Nanoscale cation exchange offers a means to circumvent some of these synthetic limitations. This topotactic process transforms a reactive, preformed nanoparticle template into a product with a targeted composition while preserving the original size, shape, and, often, crystallographic features of the starting material. Arresting cation exchange reactions prior to completion enables the synthesis of heterostructures while still benefiting from the morphology and crystallographic feature preservation intrinsic to these transformations. In this dissertation, I expand upon existing knowledge of partial cation exchange to develop synthetic design guidelines based on simple material and crystallographic parameters. I use these insights in generalized reaction pathways to create some of the most complex heterostructured nanomaterials ever observed. I show preliminary evidence for the use of these heterostructures as precursors in the formation of alloyed metal sulfides and speculate that similar crystallographic insights in different template nanoparticles could enable the synthesis of even more diverse heterostructured nanoparticles. I first explore the use of roxbyite copper(I) sulfide nanoparticles as reactive synthons in two related cation exchange reaction pathways with tractable synthetic steps. In both pathways, partial cation exchange transformations on the template(s) introduced one or more new material segments embedded within chemically addressable copper(I) sulfide regions. In the first reaction pathway (Chapter 2), reactive copper(I) sulfide regions were selectively targeted for post-synthetic modifications that included cation exchange, etching, or deposition to produce 47 heterostructured products. I expanded on these capabilities to generate the second reaction pathway (Chapter 3) by developing extended synthetic design rules based on crystallographic relationships and interfacial reactivity. This modular reaction pathway included up to seven distinct reaction steps using up to five different metal cations. We experimentally observed 113 unique heterostructured nanorods and predict that over 65,000 different heterostructured nanorods are accessible using this reaction pathway. I describe in detail the important nuances of both reaction pathways (Chapter 4), with the goal of making these reactions approachable to a broader community. The heterostructures synthesized through both reaction pathways contained multiple material segments within a continuous sulfur sublattice, making them ideal targets to investigate cation mobility in solid-state nanoscale materials. I present preliminary evidence for the formation of solid-solutions of metal chalcogenides using both thermally- and exchange-induced cation migration (Chapter 5). I show evidence of cation migration during a newly reported alloy-forming cation exchange reaction. In both thermally- and exchange-induced reaction conditions, there is the potential for the discovery of new phases of metal sulfides and alloys with new compositions. Finally, I transition to investigation of partial cation exchange behavior of digenite copper(I) sulfide nanoparticles, which is structurally distinct from roxbyite copper(I) sulfide. I discovered that a previously unknown reaction intermediate forms under standard cation exchange reaction conditions (Chapter 6). I used the crystallography of this intermediate to rationalize partial cation exchange products that contain up to four segments of the same material and present preliminary evidence for size- and shape-controlled synthesis of digenite (Chapter 7). Further development of this phase as template for partial cation exchange could enable the synthesis of even more diverse classes of heterostructured metal sulfides and provide an opportunity to develop new design principles to this system.

Download or read book Nanocolloids written by Margarita Sanchez-Dominguez and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2016-03-09 with total page 538 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanocolloids: A Meeting Point for Scientists and Technologists presents an easy-to-read approach to current trends in nanoscale colloid chemistry, which offers relatively simple and economically feasible ways to produce nanomaterials. Nanocolloids have been the subjects of major development in modern technology, with many current and future applications. The book helps scientists and technologists to understand the different aspects of modern nanocolloid science. It outlines the underlying fundamental principles of nanocolloid science and covers applications ranging from emulsions to dispersions and suspensions. You will find details on experimental techniques and methods for the synthesis and characterization of nanocolloids, including the latest developments in nanoemulsions and nanoparticles. - Edited by leading academics with over 10 years' experience in the field of colloid and surfactant science - Each chapter is authored by recognized experts in the field - Outlines the underlying fundamental science behind nanocolloids - Provides comprehensive coverage of current topics and potential applications in nanocolloid science - Presents a multidisciplinary approach to help chemical engineers, chemists, physicists, materials scientists and pharmacologists, form an in-depth understanding of nanocolloid science

Download or read book Halide Perovskites written by Tze-Chien Sum and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-03-25 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Real insight from leading experts in the field into the causes of the unique photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells, describing the fundamentals of perovskite materials and device architectures. The authors cover materials research and development, device fabrication and engineering methodologies, as well as current knowledge extending beyond perovskite photovoltaics, such as the novel spin physics and multiferroic properties of this family of materials. Aimed at a better and clearer understanding of the latest developments in the hybrid perovskite field, this is a must-have for material scientists, chemists, physicists and engineers entering or already working in this booming field.

Download or read book The Structure of Metals and Alloys written by William Hume-Rothery and published by . This book was released on 1950 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Nanostructure Science and Technology written by Richard W. Siegel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1999-09-30 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Timely information on scientific and engineering developments occurring in laboratories around the world provides critical input to maintaining the economic and technological strength of the United States. Moreover, sharing this information quickly with other countries can greatly enhance the productivity of scientists and engineers. These are some of the reasons why the National Science Foundation (NSF) has been involved in funding science and technology assessments comparing the United States and foreign countries since the early 1980s. A substantial number of these studies have been conducted by the World Technology Evaluation Center (WTEC) managed by Loyola College through a cooperative agreement with NSF. The National Science and Technology Council (NSTC), Committee on Technology's Interagency Working Group on NanoScience, Engineering and Technology (CT/IWGN) worked with WTEC to develop the scope of this Nanostucture Science and Technology report in an effort to develop a baseline of understanding for how to strategically make Federal nanoscale R&D investments in the coming years. The purpose of the NSTC/WTEC activity is to assess R&D efforts in other countries in specific areas of technology, to compare these efforts and their results to U. S. research in the same areas, and to identify opportunities for international collaboration in precompetitive research. Many U. S. organizations support substantial data gathering and analysis efforts focusing on nations such as Japan. But often the results of these studies are not widely available. At the same time, government and privately sponsored studies that are in the public domain tend to be "input" studies.

Download or read book Spark Ablation written by Andreas Schmidt-Ott and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-12-19 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Spark ablation has been used worldwide for decades. However, in many fields, the special properties of nanoparticles, which come into play especially for sizes

Download or read book Catalysis By Gold written by Geoffrey C Bond and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2006-08-15 with total page 383 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gold has traditionally been regarded as inactive as a catalytic metal. However, the advent of nanoparticulate gold on high surface area oxide supports has demonstrated its high catalytic activity in many chemical reactions. Gold is active as a heterogeneous catalyst in both gas and liquid phases, and complexes catalyse reactions homogeneously in solution. Many of the reactions being studied will lead to new application areas for catalysis by gold in pollution control, chemical processing, sensors and fuel cell technology. This book describes the properties of gold, the methods for preparing gold catalysts and ways to characterise and use them effectively in reactions. The reaction mechanisms and reasons for the high activities are discussed and the applications for gold catalysis considered./a

Download or read book Introduction to the High Temperature Oxidation of Metals written by Neil Birks and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2009-07-16 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A straightforward treatment describing the oxidation processes of metals and alloys at elevated temperatures. This 2006 second edition retains the fundamental theory but incorporates advances made in understanding degradation phenomena. The first half provides an authoritative introduction to the basic principles, covering thermodynamics and mechanisms of high temperature corrosion of metals and alloys. The latter half extends the discussion to oxidation processes in complex systems, from reactions in mixed environments to protective techniques, including coatings and atmosphere control. The authors provide a logical and expert treatment of the subject, producing a revised edition that will be a comprehensive guide to material scientists and engineers requiring an understanding of this elementary process.

Download or read book Hierarchical Nanostructures for Energy Devices written by Seung H Ko and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2014-10-29 with total page 323 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Surface area has a directly relationship with the efficiency of energy devices. Hierarchical nanostructuring has the potential to greatly increase surface area, and their electrical properties are favourable, not only to energy generation and storage, but also energy-consuming electronic circuits. This book provides systematic coverage of how nanostructured materials can be applied to energy devices, with an emphasis on the process of generation to storage and consumption. The fundamentals (including properties, characterisation and synthesis) are clearly presented across the first chapters of the book, providing readers new to the field with a clear overview of this expanding topic. The detailed discussion of applications will be an inspiration to those already well-versed in the field. The editors have more than a decade of experience in working on all aspects of energy generation and storage - in academia, national laboratories and industry. The book presents a balanced view from all sectors and is presented in a format accessible by postgraduate students and professional researchers alike.

Download or read book Semiconductor Gas Sensors written by Raivo Jaaniso and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2019-09-24 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Semiconductor Gas Sensors, Second Edition, summarizes recent research on basic principles, new materials and emerging technologies in this essential field. Chapters cover the foundation of the underlying principles and sensing mechanisms of gas sensors, include expanded content on gas sensing characteristics, such as response, sensitivity and cross-sensitivity, present an overview of the nanomaterials utilized for gas sensing, and review the latest applications for semiconductor gas sensors, including environmental monitoring, indoor monitoring, medical applications, CMOS integration and chemical warfare agents. This second edition has been completely updated, thus ensuring it reflects current literature and the latest materials systems and applications. - Includes an overview of key applications, with new chapters on indoor monitoring and medical applications - Reviews developments in gas sensors and sensing methods, including an expanded section on gas sensor theory - Discusses the use of nanomaterials in gas sensing, with new chapters on single-layer graphene sensors, graphene oxide sensors, printed sensors, and much more

Download or read book Electron and Photon Confinement in Semiconductor Nanostructures written by Benoît Deveaud and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 2003 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this course was to give an overview of the physics of artificial semiconductor structures confining electrons and photons. It furnishes the background for several applications in particular in the domain of optical devices, lasers, light emitting diodes or photonic crystals. The effects related to the microactivity polaritons, which are mixed electromagnetic radiation-exciton states inside a semiconconductor microactivity are covered. The study of the characteristics of such states shows strong relations with the domain of cavity quantum electrodynamics and thus with the investigation of some fundamental theoretical concepts.

Download or read book Nanoparticles written by Celso de Mello Donegá and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-10-21 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book can be roughly divided into three parts: fundamental physico-chemical and physical principles of Nanoscience, chemistry and synthesis of nanoparticles, and techniques to study nanoparticles. The first chapter is concerned with the origin of the size dependence of the properties of nanomaterials, explaining it in terms of two fundamental nanoscale effects. This chapter also serves as a general introduction to the book, briefly addressing the definition and classification of nanomaterials and the techniques used to fabricate and study them. Chapter 2 lays out the theoretical framework within which to understand size effects on the properties of semiconductor nanocrystals, with particular emphasis on the quantum confinement effect. The optical properties of metal nanoparticles and metal nanostructures (periodic lattices) are discussed in Chapter 3. Chapter 4 is devoted to nanoporous materials, treating in detail their synthesis, structure and functional properties, as well as the physical properties of liquids confined in nanopores. The preparation methods, characterization techniques, and applications of supported nanoparticles are covered in Chapter 5. The sixth Chapter presents the essential physical-chemical concepts needed to understand the preparation of colloidal inorganic nanoparticles, and the remarkable degree of control that has been achieved over their composition, size, shape and surface. The last four Chapters are dedicated to a few selected characterization techniques that are very valuable tools to study nanoparticles. Chapter 7 concentrates on electron microscopy techniques, while Chapter 8 focuses on scanning probe microscopy and spectroscopy. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) based spectroscopic techniques and their application to nanoparticles are explored in Chapter 9. Finally, Chapter 10 shows how solution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopic techniques can be used to unravel the surface chemistry of colloidal nanoparticles.

Download or read book Atomic Layer Deposition of Nanostructured Materials written by Nicola Pinna and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-09-19 with total page 463 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atomic layer deposition, formerly called atomic layer epitaxy, was developed in the 1970s to meet the needs of producing high-quality, large-area fl at displays with perfect structure and process controllability. Nowadays, creating nanomaterials and producing nanostructures with structural perfection is an important goal for many applications in nanotechnology. As ALD is one of the important techniques which offers good control over the surface structures created, it is more and more in the focus of scientists. The book is structured in such a way to fi t both the need of the expert reader (due to the systematic presentation of the results at the forefront of the technique and their applications) and the ones of students and newcomers to the fi eld (through the first part detailing the basic aspects of the technique). This book is a must-have for all Materials Scientists, Surface Chemists, Physicists, and Scientists in the Semiconductor Industry.

Download or read book Noble Metal Metal Oxide Hybrid Nanoparticles written by Satyabrata Mohapatra and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-10-11 with total page 675 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Noble Metal-Metal Oxide Hybrid Nanoparticles: Fundamentals and Applications sets out concepts and emerging applications of hybrid nanoparticles in biomedicine, antibacterial, energy storage and electronics. The hybridization of noble metals (Gold, Silver, Palladium and Platinum) with metal-oxide nanoparticles exhibits superior features when compared to individual nanoparticles. In some cases, metal oxides act as semiconductors, such as nano zinc oxide or titanium oxide nanoparticles, where their hybridization with silver nanoparticles, enhanced significantly their photocatalytic efficiency. The book highlights how such nanomaterials are used for practical applications. - Examines the properties of metal-metal oxide hybrid nanoparticles that make them so adaptable - Explores the mechanisms by which nanoparticles interact with each other, showing how these can be exploited for practical applications - Shows how metal oxide hybrid nanomaterials are used in a range of industry sectors, including energy, the environment and healthcare

Download or read book Nanoparticulate Materials written by Kathy Lu and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-09-25 with total page 379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Serving as the only systematic and comprehensive treatment on the topic of nanoparticle-based materials, this book covers synthesis, characterization, assembly, shaping and sintering of all types of nanoparticles including metals, ceramics, and semiconductors. A single-authored work, it is suitable as a graduate-level text in nanomaterials courses.

Download or read book Nanoalloys written by Florent Calvo and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2013-03-12 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanoalloys: From Fundamentals to Emergent Applications presents and discusses the major topics related to nanoalloys at a time when the literature on the subject remains scarce. Particular attention is paid to experimental and theoretical aspects under the form of broad reviews covering the most recent developments. The book is organized into 11 chapters covering the most fundamental aspects of nanoalloys related to their synthesis and characterization, as well as their theoretical study. Aspects related to their thermodynamics and kinetics are covered as well. The coverage then moves to more specific topics, including optics, magnetism and catalysis, and finally to biomedical applications and the technologically relevant issue of self-assembly.With no current single reference source on the subject, the work is invaluable for researchers as the nanoscience field moves swiftly to full monetization. - Encapsulates physical science of structure, properties, size, composition and ordering at nanoscale, aiding synthesis of experimentation and modelling - Multi-expert and interdisciplinary perspectives on growth, synthesis and characterization of bimetallic clusters and particulates supports expansion of your current research activity into applications - Synthesizes concepts and draws links between fundamental metallurgy and cutting edge nanoscience, aiding interdisciplinary research activity