Download or read book DIRECT METAL LASER SINTERING OF TI 6AL 4V ALLOY PROCESS PROPERTY GEOMETRY EMPIRICAL MODELING AND OPTIMIZATION written by Behzad Fotovvati and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) is a widely used powder bed fusion (PBF) additive manufacturing (AM) technology that offers extensive capabilities to fabricate complex metallic components. In the DMLS process, part fabrication involves small moving melt-pools formed by the interaction of laser beam and metal powders. The formation of a melt-pool and subsequently its rapid solidification results in alteration of properties and microstructure of the product. Therefore, understanding and predicting relationships between DMLS process parameters and melt-pool characteristics is critical to control and improve the properties of parts. The melt-pool formation in this process is very similar to what occurs in metal laser welding, having solid metallic parts rather than metal powders, plus laser welding is more investigated and is better known compare to DMLS. So, a critical review of the literature on experimental and modeling studies on laser welding, with the focus being on the influence of process parameters on geometry, thermodynamics, fluid dynamics, microstructure, and porosity characteristics of the melt-pool is presented. However, the DMLS process has several variables, altering which increases the complexity of the correlations between them and the final properties. A solution is to isolate the variable sets from the other ones during the investigation. Therefore, keeping all the processing parameters constant, an investigation of the size and geometry dependence of the dimensional accuracy of the DMLS process is presented. For all features, with different geometries and different sizes, the percent error significantly increases with decreasing the feature size. Then, the effect of thickness, orientation, distance from free edges, and height on the mechanical properties and their correlations to material microstructure and thermal history as dictated by DMLS process parameters are investigated and the results are correlated to the porosity volume fraction and their elongation direction, prior grain width and orientation, nanoparticle volume fraction, martensitic decomposition to + and orthorhombic structure, and Oxygen content variation. Furthermore, the influence of five most influential DMLS processing parameters, i.e. laser power, scan speed, hatch spacing, layer thickness, and stripe width, on relative density, microhardness, and surface roughness are thoroughly investigated. Two design of experiment (DoE) methods, including the Taguchi and fractional factorial DoE for response surface method (RSM), along with an artificial neural network (ANN) are designed and trained to predict the response values. A multi-objective RSM model is developed for the optimization of DMLS processing parameters. It is shown that the proposed ANN model can most accurately predict various response properties of DMLS components..

Download or read book Advances in Mechanical Engineering and Technology written by Ranganath M. Singari and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-03-22 with total page 614 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the select proceedings of the International Conference on Advanced Production and Industrial Engineering (ICAPIE) - 2021 held at Delhi Technological University, Delhi, during June 18–19, 2021. The book covers the recent advances and challenges in the area of production and industrial engineering. Various topics covered include artificial intelligence and expert systems, CAD/CAM Integration Technology, CAD/CAM, automation and robotics, computer-aided geometric design and simulation, construction machinery and equipment, design tools, cutting tool material and coatings, dynamic mechanical analysis, optimization and control, energy machinery and equipment, flexible manufacturing technology and system, fluid dynamics, bio-fuels, fuel cells, high-speed/precision machining, laser processing technology, logistics and supply chain management, machinability of materials, composite materials, material engineering, mechanical dynamics and its applications, mechanical power engineering, mechanical transmission theory and applications, non-traditional machining processes, operations management, precision manufacturing and measurement, precision manufacturing and measurement, reverse engineering and structural strength and robustness. This book is useful for various researcher mainly mechanical and allied engineering discipline.

Download or read book Laser Based Additive Manufacturing of Metal Parts written by Linkan Bian and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-08-09 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Laser-Based Additive Manufacturing (LBAM) technologies, hailed by some as the "third industrial revolution," can increase product performance, while reducing time-to-market and manufacturing costs. This book is a comprehensive look at new technologies in LBAM of metal parts, covering topics such as mechanical properties, microstructural features, thermal behavior and solidification, process parameters, optimization and control, uncertainty quantification, and more. The book is aimed at addressing the needs of a diverse cross-section of engineers and professionals.

Download or read book Investigation of Electrochemical Post processing Procedure for Ti 6Al 4V Lattice Structure Manufactured by Direct Metal Laser Sintering DMLS written by Julien Marleau-Finley and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Additive manufacturing has become very popular nowadays to create complex geometries that can not be achieved by any other manufacturing process. This technology has its benefits as well as drawbacks. One of the main drawback is that parts manufactured from this technology typically have relatively high surface roughness which leads to low tribological properties, low aerodynamic properties, a lower resistance to fatigue, and low aesthetics. This in turn has a direct impact on the mechanical properties and the useful life of the manufactured part. The purpose of this study is to investigate and characterise the electrochemical polishing and chemical etching methods as a post-process treatment to improve the surface finish of lattice structures made from Ti-6Al-4V manufactured by Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS). This material is of interest because it is frequently used in aerospace and biomedical field due to its mechanical strength, light weight, and biocompatibility. Both aerospace and bio-implant industries have high interest in additive manufacturing technology but are concerned about the achievable surface finish of DMLS process. This work will provide critical information on the surface and geometrical characterisation as well as the post-process treatment of a Ti-6Al-4V lattice. The metrological data will be analysed to determine how the post-process treatment affects the surface finish, considering the final roughness (Average roughness, Ra) and geometrical integrity of lattice samples. " --

Download or read book Modelling and Analysis of Laser Direct Metal Deposition of Ti 6Al 4V Alloy written by Muhammad Naveed Ahsan and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Geometry Based Approach Towards Improving the Structural Integrity of Single walled Ti6al4v Alloy Features Fabricated Using Laser Directed Energy Deposition Additive Manufacturing written by Darshan Thakkar and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presence of sharp turns in the deposition tool-path for Additive Manufacturing (AM) introduces heterogeneity in built-part thereby affecting structural integrity. Slower deposition speeds around turn points or corner leads to defects such as increased wall thickness, porosity, lack of fusion voids, and cracks. Such defects can be minimized by either by optimizing processing parameters or through geometry optimization. Optimizing processing parameters requires extensive and expensive set of experiments. Furthermore, it is challenging to accurately model the process and have closed loop controls because of the impracticality to include all process parameters. This work focuses on optimizing the geometry instead of process parameters to fabricate components with minimum defects. In this work, single walled cubical Ti6Al4V shells with sharp and rounded corners were fabricated using laser Directed Energy Deposition (DED). Cross sectional and build plane coupons were extracted from each sample for microstructure and defect analysis. Results show that inclusion of rounded corners leads to consistent deposition speeds. Defect density measurements, using optical microscope, show reduction of defects from 6.8 ± 0.35% to a virtually defect-free structure for samples with rounded corners. Results indicate that consistent deposition speed around rounded corners improved homogeneity in the resulting microstructure.

Download or read book Laser Metal Deposition Process of Metals Alloys and Composite Materials written by Rasheedat Modupe Mahamood and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-09-05 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book highlights the industrial potential and explains the physics behind laser metal deposition (LMD) technology. It describes the laser metal deposition (LMD) process with the help of numerous diagrams and photographs of real-world process situations, ranging from the fabrication of parts to the repair of existing products, and includes case studies from current research in this field. Consumer demand is moving away from standardized products to customized ones, and to remain competitive manufacturers require manufacturing processes that are flexible and able to meet consumer demand at low cost and on schedule. Laser metal deposition (LMD) is a promising alternative manufacturing process in this context. This book enables researchers and professionals in industry gain a better understanding of the LMD process, which they can then use in real-world applications. It also helps spur on further innovations.

Download or read book The Assessment and Optimization of Parameters to Automate Plasma Based Additive Manufacturing of Ti 6Al 4v Components for Standardized Test Vehicle written by Christopher Owino Ng`Anya and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Plasma metal deposition (PMD) process, is a technology employed at RHP Technology Company, Austria.PMD is a branch of the Wire Arc Additive manufacturing (WAAM) method that uses the Direct Energy Deposition technique. The wire material is directly melted by heat generated from the Plasma, incident on the substrate. Its high deposition rate and cost-effectiveness make the process attractive for manufacturers. This study aimed to assess optimum process parameter that yields high mechanical properties responses using Ti-6Al-4V material, highest layer growth, automate the machine processing system, and eliminate challenges associated with the selection of the right process parameters that can produce better quality geometries. Three input parameters (current,Travel speed, and wire feed rate).The larger the better was applied to optimize the two main responses.The Fuzzy logic experiments were conducted to assess the initial process parameters while Taguchi L16OA and Grey Relation were employed in the design of experiments and for response optimization purposes.A four-level value of current,Travel speed,and Wire feed speed process parameters were selected for an L-shaped main wall geometry 130 and 110 mm in length with a width of 10mm using fuzzy logic parameters. A total height of 65mm with the deposition of 48 layers of seam was achieved.The results in the middle part of the wall showed the lowest hardness compared to other parts of the wall while other mechanical properties such as Tensile reduced with layer growth.These results were attributed to mainly the thermal gradient between the layers during deposition. The Current and wire feed speeds were found the main effect on the quality of geometry*****The Plasma metal deposition (PMD) process, is a technology employed at RHP Technology Company, Austria.PMD is a branch of the Wire Arc Additive manufacturing (WAAM) method that uses the Direct Energy Deposition technique. The wire material is directly melted by heat g

Download or read book Residual Stress of Ti6A14V ELI Parts Manufactured by Direct Metal Laser Sintering written by Ian Van Zyl and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study focuses on the residual stress in Ti6Al4V (ELI) parts manufactured by direct metal laser sintering (DMLS). During DMLS a laser beam scans over the powder layer thus melting the powder and previous layer. High-concentrated energy input leads to high thermal gradients. The track-by-track, layer-by-layer nature of DMLS technology and the thermocycling of the process leads to complex stress distribution and deformation of parts during manufacturing. A literature review of the DMLS process is given; the capabilities of DMLS are overviewed, and a practical medical solution is demonstrated as a prominent market component of DMLS and its capabilities. Types of residual stress, its origin and effect on the performance of materials are described. Focus is given to the methods for quantitative and qualitative determination of residual stress in DMLS objects. The thermal gradient and shrinkage play a vital role in the development of residual stresses. Methodology for the investigations of the microstructure, roughness, deformation and microhardness of the specimens are outlined. Experiments which were conducted with their respective results are included, the results being scrutinized as well as the relevant interpretation to reach adequate scientific conclusions. Relative comparisons are also done in terms of received data and literature. Some numerical simulations are done for predictive and comparative purposes. The results show high values of residual stress in Ti6Al4V (ELI) specimens produced by DMLS. The residual stresses in samples with successively increasing thickness and in primitive 3D components were investigated. It was found that volumetric and shape relations in terms of residual stress and DMLS objects exist. Applied post process heat treatment is adequate in relieving the majority of residual stress. The sensitivity of Ti6Al4V (ELI) alloy to interstitial elements is also indicated in the data during heat treatment. The consequences of residual stress experienced during this study demand creative solutions for the purpose of a wider application of this technology. Some promising directions for further investigation of residual stress in DMLS objects based on the study’s findings are done.

Download or read book Comparative Assessment of Cold Spray Laser Assisted Cold Spray and Direct Metal Laser Sintering of Ti 6Al 4V written by Michael Trowbridge and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ti-6Al-4V is an - titanium alloy that continues to be widely used in the aerospace and medical industries due to its corrosion resistance and impressive strength-to-weight ratio. Ti-6Al-4Vs high manufacturing time and cost make the alloy an excellent candidate for near-net shape fabrication. However, fabrication processes often introduce thermal effects that transform the microstructure and degrade mechanical properties. Cold spray (CS) avoids such thermal effects by achieving bonding through kinetic energy. However, Ti-6Al-4Vs toughness limits particle deformation and leads to deposition porosity. This investigation examines the effects of several parameters on the coating microstructure and porosity, including driving gas selection, hot isostatic pressing, and laser-assisted cold spray (LACS). Furthermore, the porosity and microstructure of the CS and LACS specimens were compared to a Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS) specimen. Ultimately, eight series of specimens were analyzed across a range of fabrication processes, parameters, and post-process conditions. The results provide a better understanding of the microstructure of sprayed and printed Ti-6Al-4V and form a foundation for future mechanical testing of these processes.

Download or read book Selective Laser Melting written by Prashanth Konda Gokuldoss and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-04-03 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Additive manufacturing (AM) is one of the manufacturing processes that warrants the attention of industrialists, researchers, and scientists. AM has the ability to fabricate materials to produce parts with complex shapes without any theoretical restrictions combined with added functionalities. Selective laser melting (SLM), also known as laser-based powder bed processing (LPBF), is one of the main AM process that can be used to fabricate wide variety of materials that are Al-, Ti-, Fe-, Ni-, Co-, W-, Ag-, and Au-based, etc. However, several challenges need to be addressed systematically, such as development of new materials that suit the SLM process conditions so the process capabilities can be fully used to produce new properties in these materials. Other issues in the field are the lack of microstructure–property correlations, premature failure, etc. Accordingly, this Special Issue (book) focuses mainly on the microstructure-correlation in three different alloys: AlSi10Mg, Ti6Al4V, and 304L stainless steel, where six articles are presented. Hence, this Special Issue outlines microstructure–property correlations in the SLM processed materials and provides a value addition to the field of AM.

Download or read book Titanium written by Matthew J. Donachie and published by ASM International. This book was released on 2000 with total page 381 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Designed to support the need of engineering, management, and other professionals for information on titanium by providing an overview of the major topics, this book provides a concise summary of the most useful information required to understand titanium and its alloys. The author provides a review of the significant features of the metallurgy and application of titanium and its alloys. All technical aspects of the use of titanium are covered, with sufficient metals property data for most users. Because of its unique density, corrosion resistance, and relative strength advantages over competing materials such as aluminum, steels, and superalloys, titanium has found a niche in many industries. Much of this use has occurred through military research, and subsequent applications in aircraft, of gas turbine engines, although more recent use features replacement joints, golf clubs, and bicycles.Contents include: A primer on titanium and its alloys, Introduction to selection of titanium alloys, Understanding titanium's metallurgy and mill products, Forging and forming, Castings, Powder metallurgy, Heat treating, Joining technology and practice, Machining, Cleaning and finishing, Structure/processing/property relationships, Corrosion resistance, Advanced alloys and future directions, Appendices: Summary table of titanium alloys, Titanium alloy datasheets, Cross-reference to titanium alloys, Listing of selected specification and standardization organizations, Selected manufacturers, suppliers, services, Corrosion data, Machining data.

Download or read book Selective Laser Sintering Additive Manufacturing Technology written by Chunze Yan and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-11-20 with total page 969 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Selective Laser Sintering Additive Manufacturing Technology is a unique and comprehensive guide to this emerging technology. It covers in detail the equipment, software algorithms and control systems, material preparations and process technology, precision control, simulation analysis, and provides examples of applications of selective laser sintering (SLS). SLS technology is one of the most promising advances in 3D printing due to the high complexity of parts it can form, short manufacturing cycle, low cost, and wide range of materials it is compatible with. Typical examples of SLS technology include SLS manufacturing casting molds, sand molds (core), injection molds with conformal cooling channels, and rapid prototyping of ceramic and plastic functional parts. It is already widely used in aviation, aerospace, medical treatment, machinery, and numerous other industries. Drawing on world-leading research, the authors provide state of the art descriptions of the technologies, tools, and techniques which are helping academics and engineers use SLS ever more effectively and widely. - Provides instructions for how to accurately use SLS for forming - Analyses the numerical simulation methods for key SLS technologies - Addresses the use of SLS for a range of materials, including polymer, ceramic and coated sand powder

Download or read book Development of Low Alloy Steel by Direct Metal Laser Sintering written by Elias Jelis and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The US Department of Defense is interested in developing, understanding, and optimizing process parameters for low alloy (4340/4140 steel) for the powder bed fusion process. Low alloy steel is used in parts where high strength and toughness are required. During parameter optimization, several aspects of the process are investigated. Powder size and morphology optimization is important for manufacturability because adequate packing is required to produce full density components. Microstructure evaluation is used in order to provide insight into parameters that lead to optimal mechanical performance and recoating performance. Influence of residual stress is evaluated with this process. Large thermal stress can lead to high distortion and deflection. A general corrosion study is conducted on direct metal laser sintered parts in order to evaluate the factors which lead to corrosion. The main objectives of this effort are to produce mechanical properties of steel that are comparable to wrought 4340 and to understand the factors which influence the qualification of the powder bed fusion process.

Download or read book Structure process property Relations in Excimer Laser Surface Processed Ti 6Al 4V Alloy written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excimer laser processing results in very rapid solidification of metal surfaces. In addition to mixing or segregation processes, rapid heat treatment can result in phase transformations which yield beneficial surface properties. We have investigated the effect of pulsed excimer laser radiation on the microstructure and surface hardness of Ti-6Al-4V alloy. This material undergoes a well defined martensite transformation during rapid quenching from temperatures in the [beta] phase field. The depth of the transformed layer is thus a marker for the temperature profile during processing. We find that the depth of the transformed layer agrees well with a simple 1-D calculation of heat flow following the laser pulse. As measured by the nanoindenter, we find that the surface martensite is softer than the as-rolled alloy. Multiple pulse processing at high fluences results in an increase in surface hardness, but at a depth much less than that of the martensite, suggesting an independent mechanism. 10 refs., 4 figs.

Download or read book Analog Devices Data acquisition Databook 1982 1 Integrated Circuits written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Selective Laser Melting for Metal and Metal Matrix Composites written by Bo Song and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-10-07 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Selective Laser Melting for Metal Matrix Composites explains in detail the essential preparation and characterization methods for this technology, and explores a range of innovative applications. The subject covered by this book has been the focus of increasing levels of research both in industry and academia globally. The authors have drawn on their influential cutting-edge research to provide a much-needed guide for those investigating or applying this technology. The novel material preparation methodologies addressed here provide new opportunities to expand the applications of additive manufacturing, particularly in industries such as aerospace, medical, automotive, and electronics. These applications, as well as the theory behind this technology are also covered in this book, providing a complete guide which is appropriate for engineers in industry as well as researchers. - Provides descriptions of the microstructure and properties of the components produced - Explains emerging applications of this technology in a range of industries - Covers a range of different materials including iron base, and aluminium and titanium composites - Summarises the current research landscape in this field, and signposts the problems in metal matrix composites which remain to be solved