Download or read book Direct Initiation of Detonation by Non ideal Blast Waves written by Robert John Cesarone and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study is a theoretical investigation of the initiation of detonation by nonideal blast waves. The study used the output of the CLOUD program as the source of flow data for blast waves generated by bursting spheres. Each cell that surrounds the bursting sphere is assumed to be reactive with an Arrhenius type kinetic rate law over a temperature range of from 1000 - 2700 K. Outside this range the cell is assumed to be nonreactive. In the technique the delay to explosion is integrated numerically from the time of shock passage over that cell until the temperature of the cell drops below 1000 K.A minimum of this summation time was found for cells either near the bursting sphere or right at the edge of the sphere. Conceptually, as the bursting sphere is made larger and larger one eventually reaches a point at which the delay time to explosion in at least one of the cells is long enough such that an explosion process can start. This is taken as the criterion for detonation initiation in this model. Numerous cases were run and initiation behavior was plotted both as a function of the total energy of the bursting sphere and the energy density of the bursting sphere. In addition, a few runs were made for the ramp edition of energy to compare to the bursting sphere results. The study shows that as the energy density of the sphere gas becomes lower the total energy required for initiation increases sharply. This is in agreement with experimental studies using spark initiation.
Download or read book Direct Initiation of Detonation written by and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study is both a theoretical and experimental investigation of the initiation of detonation by non-ideal blast waves. The theoretical portions consisted of two studies: (1) an analytic study of the flow fields associated with heat addition during the initial phases of heat addition to a source region which is chemically reactive, and (2) a study of the initiation of explosions by nonideal sources using a numerical technique. The analytic portion of this study uncovered many difficulties with the handling of the heat addition in a reactive source region. These are discussed extensively in this report. The numerical calculation showed that when the source region was a bursting sphere of high energy density the total energy in the sphere was the limiting factor for initiation and that when the energy density, of the sphere was low the energy density was the limiting factor for initiation.
Download or read book The Detonation Phenomenon written by John H. S. Lee and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2008-06-30 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces the detonation phenomenon in explosives. It is ideal for engineers and graduate students with a background in thermodynamics and fluid mechanics. The material is mostly qualitative, aiming to illustrate the physical aspects of the phenomenon. Classical idealized theories of detonation waves are presented first. These permit detonation speed, gas properties ahead of and behind the detonation wave, and the distribution of fluid properties within the detonation wave itself to be determined. Subsequent chapters describe in detail the real unstable structure of a detonation wave. One-, two-, and three-dimensional computer simulations are presented along with experimental results using various experimental techniques. The important effects of confinement and boundary conditions and their influence on the propagation of a detonation are also discussed. The final chapters cover the various ways detonation waves can be formed and provide a review of the outstanding problems and future directions in detonation research.
Download or read book Fundamental Mechanisms of Unconfined Detonation of Fuel Air Explosions written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 101 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research during the past year has led to some significant results which have profound implications in the area of vapor cloud explosion in general, and in the area of 'shockless' initiation of detonation in particular. In brief we have; (1) demonstrated experimentally that initiation of detonation can be achieved by injecting a chemical catalyst into a fuel-air mixture, (ii) demonstrated experimentally that direct initiation can be achieved by seeding an explosive mixture with free radicals of the appropriate concentration and spatial distribution, (iii) demonstrated experimentally that direct initiation can be achieved via turbulent mixing between an explosive mixture and its combustion products, (iv) demonstrated experimentally that unconfined turbulent flame speeds exceeding 400 m/s can readily be achieved in a mixture as inert as methane air, (v) clarified through experiments the role of confinement on the propagation of detonations near the detonability limits, and (vi) assessed the far field destructive potential of FAE weapons by calculating numerically the effective blast energy of non-ideal blast waves generated by vapor cloud explosions. (Author).
Download or read book Dynamics of Shock Waves Explosions and Detonations written by J. Raymond Bowen and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 632 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Propagation of Nonideal Blast Waves written by Christiane M. Guirao and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The propagation of non-ideal blast waves initiated by finite power density sources has been classified into three regimes. The early-time motion of a non-ideal blast reflects the characteristics of the energy-time profile of the particular initiation energy source. In the intermediate-time propagation regime, the flow field in the neighborhood of the shock front progressively forgets the non-idealities of the initiation source. In the late-time or asymptotic regime, the shock hydrodynamics of non-ideal blast waves approaches that of ideal blasts with counterpressure effects. It is also found that energy scaling with respect to the explosion length exists for the present, non-ideal blast waves generated by an impulsive piston. (Author).
Download or read book Shock Wave Science and Technology Reference Library Vol 5 written by Blaine Asay and published by Springer. This book was released on 2010-02-05 with total page 618 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Los Alamos National Laboratory is an incredible place. It was conceived and born amidst the most desperate of circumstances. It attracted some of the most brilliant minds, the most innovative entrepreneurs, and the most c- ative tinkerers of that generation. Out of that milieu emerged physics and engineering that beforehand was either unimagined, or thought to be f- tasy. One of the ?elds essentially invented during those years was the science of precision high explosives. Before 1942, explosives were used in munitions and commercial pursuits that demanded proper chemistry and con?nement for the necessary e?ect, but little else. The needs and requirements of the Manhattan project were of a much more precise and speci?c nature. Spatial and temporal speci?cations were reduced from centimeters and milliseconds to micrometers and nanoseconds. New theory and computational tools were required along with a raft of new experimental techniques and novel ways of interpreting the results. Over the next 40 years, the emphasis was on higher energy in smaller packages, more precise initiation schemes, better and safer formulations, and greater accuracy in forecasting performance. Researchers from many institutions began working in the emerging and expanding ?eld. In the midst of all of the work and progress in precision initiation and scienti?c study, in the early 1960s, papers began to appear detailing the ?rst quantitative studies of the transition from de?agration to detonation (DDT), ?rst in cast, then in pressed explosives, and ?nally in propellants.
Download or read book Shock Wave Science and Technology Reference Library Vol 5 written by Blaine Asay and published by Springer. This book was released on 2010-10-24 with total page 618 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Los Alamos National Laboratory is an incredible place. It was conceived and born amidst the most desperate of circumstances. It attracted some of the most brilliant minds, the most innovative entrepreneurs, and the most c- ative tinkerers of that generation. Out of that milieu emerged physics and engineering that beforehand was either unimagined, or thought to be f- tasy. One of the ?elds essentially invented during those years was the science of precision high explosives. Before 1942, explosives were used in munitions and commercial pursuits that demanded proper chemistry and con?nement for the necessary e?ect, but little else. The needs and requirements of the Manhattan project were of a much more precise and speci?c nature. Spatial and temporal speci?cations were reduced from centimeters and milliseconds to micrometers and nanoseconds. New theory and computational tools were required along with a raft of new experimental techniques and novel ways of interpreting the results. Over the next 40 years, the emphasis was on higher energy in smaller packages, more precise initiation schemes, better and safer formulations, and greater accuracy in forecasting performance. Researchers from many institutions began working in the emerging and expanding ?eld. In the midst of all of the work and progress in precision initiation and scienti?c study, in the early 1960s, papers began to appear detailing the ?rst quantitative studies of the transition from de?agration to detonation (DDT), ?rst in cast, then in pressed explosives, and ?nally in propellants.
Download or read book Detonation written by Wildon Fickett and published by Courier Corporation. This book was released on 2012-08-29 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive review of detonation explores the "simple theory" and experimental tests of the theory; flow in a reactive medium; steady detonation; the nonsteady solution; and the structure of the detonation front. 1979 edition.
Download or read book Combustion Flames and Explosions of Gases written by Bernard Lewis and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 754 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Combustion, Flames, and Explosions of Gases, Second Edition focuses on the processes, methodologies, and reactions involved in combustion phenomena. The publication first offers information on theoretical foundations, reaction between hydrogen and oxygen, and reaction between carbon monoxide and oxygen. Discussions focus on the fundamentals of reaction kinetics, elementary and complex reactions in gases, thermal reaction, and combined hydrogen-carbon monoxide-oxygen reaction. The text then elaborates on the reaction between hydrocarbons and oxygen and combustion waves in laminar flow. The manuscript tackles combustion waves in turbulent flow and air entrainment and burning of jets of fuel gases. Topics include effect of turbulence spectrum and turbulent wrinkling on combustion wave propagation; ignition of high-velocity streams by hot solid bodies; burners with primary air entrainment; and description of jet flames. The book then takes a look at detonation waves in gases; emission spectra, ionization, and electric-field effects in flames; and methods of flame photography and pressure recording. The publication is a valuable reference for readers interested in combustion phenomena.
Download or read book Dynamics of Detonations and Explosions written by and published by AIAA. This book was released on 1991 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Detonation Phenomena of Condensed Explosives written by Shiro Kubota and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-01-13 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents fundamental theory of shock and detonation waves as well as selected studies in detonation research in Japan, contributed by selected experts in safety research on explosives, development of industrial explosives, and application of explosives. It also reports detonation research in Japan featuring industrial explosives that include ammonium nitrate-based explosives and liquid explosives. Intended as a monographic-style book, it consistently uses technical terms and symbols and creates organic links between various detonation phenomena in application of explosives, fundamental theory of detonation waves, measurement methods, and individual studies. Among other features, the book presents a historical perspective of shock wave and detonation research in Japan, pedagogical materials for young researchers in detonation physics, and an introduction to works in Japan, including equations of state, which are worthy of attention but about which very little is known internationally. Further, the concise pedagogical chapters also characterize this book as a primer of detonation of condensed explosives and help readers start their own research.
Download or read book INITIATION OF DETONATION IN UNCONFINED NATURAL GAS AIR CLOUDS written by J.A. NICHOLLS and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Characteristic Study of the Initiation of Detonation written by Harry Bernard Dyner and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Direct Initiation of Detonation Using Finite Amplitude Wave Acceleration written by John Kevin Soldner and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Modelling Shock Initiation and Detonation in the Non Ideal Explosive PBXW 115 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We analyze the detonics of the non-ideal explosive PBXW-115 (also called PBXN-111). Two chemical equilibrium codes were used to predict its ideal CJ state, with estimates of its ideal detonation velocity differing by over 1.3 mm microns. A small divergent detonation theory was calibrated to unconfined detonation velocity measurements, and used to describe the CJ state at different charge diameters. It was predicted that the detonation was being supported by about 15% reaction at the critical diameter, with the velocity about 1.7 mm microns-1 below the ideal value. A finite element hydrocode was used to simulate a variety of initiation and detonation tests, with the results generally in excellent agreement with the experimental data. It was found that many experimental techniques (including those for the measurement of ideal detonation velocity, CJ zone length, and Pop-plots) require substantially different interpretation for non-ideal explosives.
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 1006 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
