Download or read book Direct and Indirect Speech written by Florian Coulmas and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2011-07-22 with total page 381 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: TRENDS IN LINGUISTICS is a series of books that open new perspectives in our understanding of language. The series publishes state-of-the-art work on core areas of linguistics across theoretical frameworks as well as studies that provide new insights by building bridges to neighbouring fields such as neuroscience and cognitive science. TRENDS IN LINGUISTICS considers itself a forum for cutting-edge research based on solid empirical data on language in its various manifestations, including sign languages. It regards linguistic variation in its synchronic and diachronic dimensions as well as in its social contexts as important sources of insight for a better understanding of the design of linguistic systems and the ecology and evolution of language. TRENDS IN LINGUISTICS publishes monographs and outstanding dissertations as well as edited volumes, which provide the opportunity to address controversial topics from different empirical and theoretical viewpoints. High quality standards are ensured through anonymous reviewing.

Download or read book Direct and Indirect Speech English Speaking written by Manik Joshi and published by Manik Joshi. This book was released on 2014-10-25 with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Book Covers The Following Topics: 01. Direct and Indirect Speech 02. Expression of Time 03. Important Reporting Verbs 04. Pronoun Change 05. Tenses in Direct and Indirect Speech 06. Reporting Verb with Object 07. Changing Modal Verbs 08. ‘Questions’ in Direct and Indirect Speech 09. ‘Exclamations’ in Direct and Indirect Speech 10. ‘Imperatives’ in Direct and Indirect Speech 11. Direct and Indirect Speech: Mixed Types 12. Where to Put Reporting Verb in Direct Speech 13. Punctuation Rules 14. Other Useful Notes Exercise -- 01 Exercise -- 02 Exercise -- 03 Sample This: 01. Direct and Indirect Speech There are two ways to express what someone else has said. On this basis, sentences are of two types: sentences with Direct Speech, and sentences with Indirect Speech DIRECT SPEECH Direct Speech is also called Quoted Speech or Direct Narration. Direct Speech refers exactly what someone has said. Direct Speech appears within quotation marks (“..”). A comma is used before starting the exact quote within the quotation marks. Direct Speech should be word for word. The first letter of the quotation begins with a capital letter. Example: The president said, “I will not bear corruption in the country at any cost.” INDIRECT SPEECH Indirect speech is also called Reported Speech or Indirect Narration. Indirect Speech does not refer to exactly what someone has said. Indirect Speech doesn't appear within quotation marks but the word “that” may be used as a conjunction between the reporting verb and reported speech. Indirect Speech shouldn’t be word for word. The pronoun in Indirect Speech is changed according to speaker and hearer. Example: The president declared that he would not bear corruption in the country at any cost. Important rules for changing Direct Speech into Indirect Speech are as follows: 02. Expression of Time You need to change the expression of a time when changing direct speech (DS) into indirect speech (IDS) to match the moment of speaking. Important expressions of time in direct and indirect speech are as follows: ‘a month ago’ is changed into ‘a month before’ ‘a year ago’ is changed into ‘the previous year’ or ‘a year before’ ‘last night’ is changed into ‘the night before’ ‘last Saturday’ is changed into ‘the Saturday before’ ‘last weekend’ is changed into ‘the weekend before’ ‘next year’ is changed into ‘the following year’ or ‘the year after’ ‘now’ is changed into ‘then’ ‘the day after tomorrow’ is changed into ‘in two days time’ ‘the day before yesterday’ is changed into ‘two days before’ ‘these (days)’ is changed into ‘those (days)’ ‘this (morning/noon/evening)’ is changed into ‘that (morning/noon/evening)’ ‘today’ is changed into ‘that day’ ‘tomorrow’ is changed into ‘the next/following day’ or ‘the day after’ ‘tonight’ is changed into ‘that night’ ‘yesterday’ is changed into ‘the previous day’ or ‘the day before’ Besides expressions of time, there are many other expressions that need to be changed if you are changing Direct Speech into Indirect Speech. ‘come’ is changed into ‘go’ ‘bring’ is changed into ‘take’ ‘thus’ is changed into ‘so’ ‘hence’ is changed into ‘thence’ ‘hither’ is changed into ‘thither’ ‘here’ is changed into ‘there’

Download or read book Cambridge Advanced Learner s Dictionary written by Kate Woodford and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 1550 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary is the ideal dictionary for advanced EFL/ESL learners. Easy to use and with a great CD-ROM - the perfect learner's dictionary for exam success. First published as the Cambridge International Dictionary of English, this new edition has been completely updated and redesigned. - References to over 170,000 words, phrases and examples explained in clear and natural English - All the important new words that have come into the language (e.g. dirty bomb, lairy, 9/11, clickable) - Over 200 'Common Learner Error' notes, based on the Cambridge Learner Corpus from Cambridge ESOL exams Plus, on the CD-ROM: - SMART thesaurus - lets you find all the words with the same meaning - QUICKfind - automatically looks up words while you are working on-screen - SUPERwrite - tools for advanced writing, giving help with grammar and collocation - Hear and practise all the words.

Download or read book Reported Speech written by Theodorus Albertus Johannes Maria Janssen and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 1996-01-01 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In sentences containing reported speech, thought, or perception, it is possible to distinguish different voices or views, associated with different discourse roles. They originate in two different clauses: one clause signals a reporting situation, and the other a reported situation. This volume examines the methods used for combining these two types of clauses in a range of languages. In each of the contributions, the focus is on the forms and functions of verbs; topics dealt with include the meaning of tense, mood, and aspect (and their interaction) in the various types of reported speech, the speech act status of reported utterances, correlations between reporting verbs and verbs in reported clauses (and the conjunctions introducing them), and possible intra-systemic and cross-linguistic correlations of these properties. The articles concentrate on the Slavic languages Russian, Bulgarian, Macedonian, Serbian, Croatian, and Slovene, the Romance languages Latin, Old and Modern French, and Spanish, the Germanic languages Swedish, German, Dutch, and English, the Indo-Iranian language Bengali, and Mandarin Chinese.

Download or read book DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH written by Narayan Changder and published by CHANGDER OUTLINE. This book was released on 2024-01-11 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Embark on a linguistic journey with "Speech Transformation: Mastering Direct and Indirect Speech with MCQs." Tailored for learners, educators, and language enthusiasts, this comprehensive guide delivers an interactive learning experience. Explore the nuanced world of direct and indirect speech through a diverse collection of multiple-choice questions, refining your language proficiency. Elevate your grammar skills, grasp the subtleties of reporting speech in different contexts, and confidently construct well-structured and expressive sentences. Don't miss the opportunity to enhance your linguistic finesse. Secure your copy now and delve into the art of mastering direct and indirect speech in English!

Download or read book Speaking of Speaking written by Samuel Meier and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2014-09-03 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Direct speech appears on nearly every page of the Hebrew Bible, and the large number of publications on direct discourse in the Bible highlights the importance of the subject for biblical studies. However, thus far only isolated aspects of the various problems that direct discourse presents have received attention. Studies of individual verbs introducing direct discourse, such as "answer", "speak", "say", and others are necessarily atomistic, even though appropriate in their own right. Other markers of direct discourse, such as "Thus said Yahweh", or "oracle of Yahweh", tend to be treated as theological constructs isolated from the larger issues of direct discourse marking in general. Speaking of Speaking aims to enrich the reading of the biblical text by offering a coordinated analysis of all such markers, not only in order to consolidate a considerable body of work that is often overlooked by scholars, but also to move further toward a synthesis that can permit informed generalizations not possible at the present time. The comprehensive index facilitates the use of this book as a valuable reference tool. The exegetical, literary, and theological findings of this book will be of great significance for all levels of research in biblical studies.

Download or read book Direct Speech Indirect Speech written by Idi Supono and published by Kawan Pustaka. This book was released on with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Dual Voice written by Roy Pascal and published by Manchester University Press. This book was released on 1977 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Speech Presentation in Homeric Epic written by Deborah Beck and published by University of Texas Press. This book was released on 2012-11-01 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Iliad and the Odyssey are emotional powerhouses largely because of their extensive use of direct speech. Yet this characteristic of the Homeric epics has led scholars to underplay the poems’ use of non-direct speech, the importance of speech represented by characters, and the overall sophistication of Homeric narrative as measured by its approach to speech representation. In this pathfinding study by contrast, Deborah Beck undertakes the first systematic examination of all the speeches presented in the Homeric poems to show that Homeric speech presentation is a unified system that includes both direct quotation and non-direct modes of speech presentation. Drawing on the fields of narratology and linguistics, Beck demonstrates that the Iliad and the Odyssey represent speech in a broader and more nuanced manner than has been perceived before, enabling us to reevaluate our understanding of supposedly “modern” techniques of speech representation and to refine our idea of where Homeric poetry belongs in the history of Western literature. She also broadens ideas of narratology by connecting them more strongly with relevant areas of linguistics, as she uses both to examine the full range of speech representational strategies in the Homeric poems. Through this in-depth analysis of how speech is represented in the Homeric poems, Beck seeks to make both the process of their composition and the resulting poems themselves seem more accessible, despite pervasive uncertainties about how and when the poems were put together.

Download or read book The Semantics of Free Indirect Discourse written by Regine Eckardt and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2014-11-27 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Free indirect discourse presents us with the inner world of protagonists of a story. We seem to see the world through their eyes, and listen to their inner thoughts. The present study analyses the logic of free indirect discourse and offers a framework to represent multiple ways in which words betray the speaker's feelings and attitude. The theory covers tense, aspect, temporal indexicals, modal particles, exclamatives and other expressive elements and their dependence on shifting utterance contexts. It traces the subtle ways in which story texts can offer information about protagonists. The study of free indirect discourse has been a topic of great interest in recent years in semantics and pragmatics. In this book, Regine Eckardt proposes a new theory of this domain and applies it to a wide variety of phenomena -- discourse particles, exclamatives, and mood -- in addition to the traditional indexical pronouns and tenses. She situates this project within a larger attempt to extend the tools of semantic analysis to fiction. Most formally oriented semanticists have not paid serious attention to this domain, which has resulted in a major gap in semantic theory; this book is thus a pioneering effort and raises many intriguing points. The total result is an empirically rich and exciting work which will be a profitable read for researchers interested in semantics, pragmatics, and formal approaches to literature. Eric McCready, Aoyama Gakuin University

Download or read book Persuasion written by Jane Austen and published by . This book was released on 1906 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Marxism and the Philosophy of Language written by V. N. Voloshinov and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 1986 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: V. N. Volosinov's important work, first published in Russian in 1929, had to wait a generation for recognition. This first paperback edition of the English translation will be capital for literary theorists, philosophers, linguists, psychologists, and many others. Volosinov is out to undo the old disciplinary boundaries between linguistics, rhetoric, and poetics in order to construct a new kind of field: semiotics or textual theory. Ladislav Matejka and I. R. Titunik have provided a new preface to discuss Volosinov in relation to the great resurgence of interest in all the writing of the circle of Mikhail Bakhtin.

Download or read book Faith Driven Entrepreneur written by Henry Kaestner and published by Tyndale House Publishers, Inc.. This book was released on 2021-08 with total page 185 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "I'm excited about Faith Driven Entrepreneur. Anyone who is following the example of their creator God can find echoes of their work in this book." --Lecrae Entrepreneurship can be a lonely journey. But it doesn't need to be. God has a purpose and a plan for all those entrepreneurial dreams and creative gifts he gave you. The work you do today--the company you've built, the employees you work with, the customers you serve, the shareholders you report to, all of it--serves as an active part of what God wants to accomplish on earth. You are not alone in this journey. Join other faith-driven entrepreneurs as, together, we identify the values, habits, and traits that empower us to successfully build businesses, serve our communities, and faithfully pursue a loving relationship with God; read stories that exemplify how those values, habits, and traits unfold in everyday life; and discover the potential God wants to unleash through our work. Each book purchase includes access to the eight-session Faith Driven Entrepreneur video series, a discussion guide to encourage conversation among peers, and an invitation to join a Faith Driven Entrepreneur Group to meet other like-minded entrepreneurs.

Download or read book Interchange of Active and Passive Voice Patterns and Examples written by Manik Joshi and published by Manik Joshi. This book was released on 2014-10-25 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Book Covers The Following Topics: Active and Passive Voice Interchange of Active and Passive Voice 1. First or Second Form of Verb 2. Auxiliary Verb ‘Be’ + -ING Form of Verb 3. Have/Has/Had + Past Participle 4. Present/Future Modals + Verb Word 5. Past Modals + Past Participle 6. Verb + Preposition 7. Main Verb + Object + Complement 8. Main Verb + Object + Object 9. Have/Has/Had + Infinitive (To + Verb) 10. Auxiliary Verb ‘Be’ + Infinitive (To + Verb) 11. Verb + Object + Infinitive (Without ‘To’) 12. There + Verb ‘Be’ + Noun + Infinitive 13. Interrogative Sentences 14. Imperative Sentences 15. Principal Clause + That + Noun Clause (Object) 16. Verb followed by --ING form or an Infinitive 17. Use of Prepositions 18. The Passive With GET 19. Middle Voice Exercise -- 01 Exercise -- 02 Exercise -- 03 Sample This: VOICE - Definition Voice refers to the form of a verb that shows whether the subject of a sentence performs the action or is affected by it. ACTIVE VOICE - Definition The form of a verb in which the subject is the person or thing that performs the action. Example: They finished the work. [subject -- “they”, verb -- “finished”, object -- “work”] In this sentence, the subject (they) acts on the object (work). Other Examples: The teacher praises him. She posted the letter. I buy new books. We will celebrate his birthday. PASSIVE VOICE - Definition The form of a verb in which the subject is affected by the action of the verb. Important Note -- The object of the active voice becomes the subject in the passive voice. Example: The work was finished by them. [subject -- “work”, passive verb -- “was finished”, object -- “them”] In this example, the subject (work) is not the doer; it is being acted upon by the doer ‘them’) Other Examples: He is praised by the teacher. The letter was posted by her New books are bought by me. His birthday will be celebrated by us. WHEN TO USE PASSIVE VOICE (1). You should use passive voice when you do not know the active subject. (2). When you want to make the active object more important. (3). When the active subject is obvious. (4). When you want to emphasize the action of the sentence rather than the doer of the action. (5). Passive voice is frequently used to describe scientific or mechanical processes (6). Passive voice is often used in news reports: (7). When active voice does not sound good. (8). When you want to make more polite or formal statements. (9). You can use passive voice to avoid responsibility. (10). You can also use passive voice for sentence variety in your writing. (11). You can also use passive voice when you want to avoid extra-long subjects. Changing Active Voice Into Passive Voice Rule 1: Move the object of the active voice into the position of the subject (front of the sentence) in the passive voice. And move the subject of the active voice into the position of the object in the passive voice. Rule 2: Passive voice needs a helping verb to express the action. Put the helping verb in the same tense as the original active sentence. The main verb of the active voice is always changed into past participle (third form of the verb) in different ways. Rule 3: Place the active sentence's subject into a phrase beginning with the preposition ‘by’. Rule 4: If the object in an active voice sentence is a pronoun (me, us, you, him, her, they, it), it changes in passive voice sentence as follows: me -- I; us -- we; you -- you; him -- he; her -- she; them -- they; it – it Rule 5: Subject- Verb Agreement Make the first verb agree with the new subject in passive voice. Rule 6: When there are two objects (direct object and indirect object), only one object is interchanged. The second object remains unchanged. Following Tenses Cannot Be Changed Into Passive Voice: 1. Present Perfect Continuous Tense 2. Past Perfect Continuous Tense 3. Future Continuous Tense 4. Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Download or read book The Elements of Indirect Speech written by Donn Byrne and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Practical English Grammar Composition written by SC Gupta and published by Arihant Publications India limited. This book was released on 2018-04-20 with total page 692 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To understand and make the practical use of the grammatical rules is a challenge poised at various competitive exams. Students preparing for various competitive exams need elucidated grammar rules that are explained in a very easy and understandable language. Practical English Grammar & Composition is the hand book and an easy guide to learn English aimed at learning and improving knowledge of grammar and its applicability. In order to make the students conversant with the practical applicability of the grammar rules, sentences depicting the right usage are also given after the rules. A number of solved exercises are also given after the chapters that enable the students test their acquired knowledge. Word Powers section is a unique feature of the book that will play a crucial role in making the students ready to face the competitions ahead.

Download or read book When the Emperor Was Divine written by Julie Otsuka and published by Anchor. This book was released on 2007-12-18 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the bestselling, award-winning author of The Buddha in the Attic and The Swimmers, this commanding debut novel paints a portrait of the Japanese American incarceration camps that is both a haunting evocation of a family in wartime and a resonant lesson for our times. On a sunny day in Berkeley, California, in 1942, a woman sees a sign in a post office window, returns to her home, and matter-of-factly begins to pack her family's possessions. Like thousands of other Japanese Americans they have been reclassified, virtually overnight, as enemy aliens and are about to be uprooted from their home and sent to a dusty incarceration camp in the Utah desert. In this lean and devastatingly evocative first novel, Julie Otsuka tells their story from five flawlessly realized points of view and conveys the exact emotional texture of their experience: the thin-walled barracks and barbed-wire fences, the omnipresent fear and loneliness, the unheralded feats of heroism. When the Emperor Was Divine is a work of enormous power that makes a shameful episode of our history as immediate as today's headlines.