Download or read book Direct and Indirect Speech English Speaking written by Manik Joshi and published by Manik Joshi. This book was released on 2014-10-25 with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Book Covers The Following Topics: 01. Direct and Indirect Speech 02. Expression of Time 03. Important Reporting Verbs 04. Pronoun Change 05. Tenses in Direct and Indirect Speech 06. Reporting Verb with Object 07. Changing Modal Verbs 08. ‘Questions’ in Direct and Indirect Speech 09. ‘Exclamations’ in Direct and Indirect Speech 10. ‘Imperatives’ in Direct and Indirect Speech 11. Direct and Indirect Speech: Mixed Types 12. Where to Put Reporting Verb in Direct Speech 13. Punctuation Rules 14. Other Useful Notes Exercise -- 01 Exercise -- 02 Exercise -- 03 Sample This: 01. Direct and Indirect Speech There are two ways to express what someone else has said. On this basis, sentences are of two types: sentences with Direct Speech, and sentences with Indirect Speech. DIRECT SPEECH Direct Speech is also called Quoted Speech or Direct Narration. Direct Speech refers to exactly what someone has said. Direct Speech appears within quotation marks (“..”). A comma is used before starting the exact quote within the quotation marks. Direct Speech should be word for word. The first letter of the quotation begins with a capital letter. Example: The president said, “I will not bear corruption in the country at any cost.” INDIRECT SPEECH Indirect speech is also called Reported Speech or Indirect Narration. Indirect Speech does not refer to exactly what someone has said. Indirect Speech doesn't appear within quotation marks but the word “that” may be used as a conjunction between the reporting verb and reported speech. Indirect Speech shouldn’t be word for word. The pronoun in Indirect Speech is changed according to speaker and hearer. Example: The president declared that he would not bear corruption in the country at any cost. Important rules for changing Direct Speech into Indirect Speech are as follows: 02. Expression of Time You need to change the expression of a time when changing direct speech (DS) into indirect speech (IDS) to match the moment of speaking. Important expressions of time in direct and indirect speech are as follows: ‘a month ago’ is changed into ‘a month before’ ‘a year ago’ is changed into ‘the previous year’ or ‘a year before’ ‘last night’ is changed into ‘the night before’ ‘last Saturday’ is changed into ‘the Saturday before’ ‘last weekend’ is changed into ‘the weekend before’ ‘next year’ is changed into ‘the following year’ or ‘the year after’ ‘now’ is changed into ‘then’ ‘the day after tomorrow’ is changed into ‘in two days’ time’ ‘the day before yesterday’ is changed into ‘two days before’ ‘these (days)’ is changed into ‘those (days)’ ‘this (morning/noon/evening)’ is changed into ‘that (morning/noon/evening)’ ‘today’ is changed into ‘that day’ ‘tomorrow’ is changed into ‘the next/following day’ or ‘the day after’ ‘tonight’ is changed into ‘that night’ ‘yesterday’ is changed into ‘the previous day’ or ‘the day before’ Besides expressions of time, there are many other expressions that need to be changed if you are changing Direct Speech into Indirect Speech. ‘come’ is changed into ‘go’ ‘bring’ is changed into ‘take’ ‘thus’ is changed into ‘so’ ‘hence’ is changed into ‘thence’ ‘hither’ is changed into ‘thither’ ‘here’ is changed into ‘there’

Download or read book Direct and Indirect Speech written by Florian Coulmas and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2011-07-22 with total page 381 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: TRENDS IN LINGUISTICS is a series of books that open new perspectives in our understanding of language. The series publishes state-of-the-art work on core areas of linguistics across theoretical frameworks as well as studies that provide new insights by building bridges to neighbouring fields such as neuroscience and cognitive science. TRENDS IN LINGUISTICS considers itself a forum for cutting-edge research based on solid empirical data on language in its various manifestations, including sign languages. It regards linguistic variation in its synchronic and diachronic dimensions as well as in its social contexts as important sources of insight for a better understanding of the design of linguistic systems and the ecology and evolution of language. TRENDS IN LINGUISTICS publishes monographs and outstanding dissertations as well as edited volumes, which provide the opportunity to address controversial topics from different empirical and theoretical viewpoints. High quality standards are ensured through anonymous reviewing.

Download or read book Cambridge Advanced Learner s Dictionary written by Kate Woodford and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 1550 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary is the ideal dictionary for advanced EFL/ESL learners. Easy to use and with a great CD-ROM - the perfect learner's dictionary for exam success. First published as the Cambridge International Dictionary of English, this new edition has been completely updated and redesigned. - References to over 170,000 words, phrases and examples explained in clear and natural English - All the important new words that have come into the language (e.g. dirty bomb, lairy, 9/11, clickable) - Over 200 'Common Learner Error' notes, based on the Cambridge Learner Corpus from Cambridge ESOL exams Plus, on the CD-ROM: - SMART thesaurus - lets you find all the words with the same meaning - QUICKfind - automatically looks up words while you are working on-screen - SUPERwrite - tools for advanced writing, giving help with grammar and collocation - Hear and practise all the words.

Download or read book Reported Speech written by Theodorus Albertus Johannes Maria Janssen and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 1996-01-01 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In sentences containing reported speech, thought, or perception, it is possible to distinguish different voices or views, associated with different discourse roles. They originate in two different clauses: one clause signals a reporting situation, and the other a reported situation. This volume examines the methods used for combining these two types of clauses in a range of languages. In each of the contributions, the focus is on the forms and functions of verbs; topics dealt with include the meaning of tense, mood, and aspect (and their interaction) in the various types of reported speech, the speech act status of reported utterances, correlations between reporting verbs and verbs in reported clauses (and the conjunctions introducing them), and possible intra-systemic and cross-linguistic correlations of these properties. The articles concentrate on the Slavic languages Russian, Bulgarian, Macedonian, Serbian, Croatian, and Slovene, the Romance languages Latin, Old and Modern French, and Spanish, the Germanic languages Swedish, German, Dutch, and English, the Indo-Iranian language Bengali, and Mandarin Chinese.

Download or read book Reflexive Language written by John A. Lucy and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1993-03-04 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These innovative essays represent a critique of those researchers in the humanities and social sciences who fail to take language seriously.

Download or read book Tense in English written by Renaat Declerck and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-07-03 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1991, this book looks at tense in English, one of the most controversial areas of grammar. Prior to the book’s original publication, the problems and interest in the subject had led to an impressive number of books and articles. Yet, despite the amount of work produced, nothing approaching a consensus had emerged, merely a series of conflicting theories and analyses. Here, Renaat Declerck provides a framework for a theoretical instrument which will enable the linguist to interpret the data correctly. The book is primarily theoretical in nature, but offers descriptive theory and a discussion of the various tenses which will make it a valuable tool for those teaching English. Theoretical and applied linguists will find this an important contribution to the debate on tense and a worthy starting point for future research. The book is not written from the viewpoint of any particular linguistic theory and does not presuppose any knowledge of tense theory, it is a readable and reliable guide to the area.

Download or read book Explaining English Grammar written by George Yule and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1998-11-12 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is intended for teachers of English.

Download or read book CUET UG Section I A English Language Study Notes with Theory Practice MCQs for Complete Preparation LAQP01 Conducted by NTA written by and published by EduGorilla Community Pvt. Ltd.. This book was released on with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: EduGorilla's English Language Study Notes are the best-selling notes for CUET UG Section 1A : English Exam. Their content is well-researched and covers all topics related to English Language (LAQP01) •The Study Guide are designed to help students prepare thoroughly for their exams, with topic-wise notes that are comprehensive and easy to understand. •The notes also include solved multiple-choice questions (MCQs) for self-evaluation, allowing students to gauge their progress and identify areas that require further improvement. •This Study Materials are perfect for understanding the pattern and type of questions asked in CUET UG. •This study notes are tailored to the latest syllabus as given by NTA for the exams, making them a valuable resource for exam preparation.

Download or read book English Grammar in Use Practice Exercises written by Leszek Smutek and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2013-08-05 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "English Grammar in Use - Practice Exercises: Reported Speech and Passive Voice" offers extensive training in the structure of the English Reported Speech and Passive Voice for upper-intermediate and advanced learners. It is designed to enhance not only overall language proficiency but also awareness of the subtleties of Reported Speech and Passive Voice use. The volume contains four types of exercises, including sentence transformations (with key words, and with sentence beginnings), verbs in brackets (on both sentence level and text level) and error detection and correction. All the exercises are accompanied with a complete key. The publication follows British English language standards.

Download or read book A Basisc Linguistic Description of English Language written by Joaquín José Cuellar Trasorras and published by Universidad Almería. This book was released on 2020-04-28 with total page 95 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is not an extensive manual, so the result is a basic and straightforward handbook. Obviously, it is just an initial reference that may be used in the two levels of Spanish post- compulsory secondary Education (Bachillerato). Even, it can be used in the first years at the University (Magisterio por Inglés, Filología Inglesa), in order to have a first contact with some of the grammatical components of English Language. It is not intended for students that are studying CAE or Proficiency levels, as long as it is not as specific as it should be in those levels. The practical nature of the book should be emphasized, as it is felt that it will give many opportunities for discussion of morphosyntactic structures.

Download or read book English Language Study Material Solved Papers written by YCT Expert Team and published by YOUTH COMPETITION TIMES. This book was released on with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 2023-24 BSST English Language Study Material & Solved Papers

Download or read book FOUNDATIONS OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE A COMPREHENSIVE INTRODUCTION written by Dr. Smriti Pareek and published by Thakur Publication Private Limited. This book was released on 2024-07-01 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ALL UNDERGRADUATE COURSES SECOND SEMESTER [ABILITY ENHANCEMENT COURSE] Three/Four Year Undergraduate Programme for University of Rajasthan, Jaipur and Other State University of Rajasthan Syllabus as per NEP (2020)

Download or read book Interchange of Active and Passive Voice Patterns and Examples written by Manik Joshi and published by Manik Joshi. This book was released on 2014-10-25 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Book Covers The Following Topics: Active and Passive Voice Interchange of Active and Passive Voice 1. First or Second Form of Verb 2. Auxiliary Verb ‘Be’ + -ING Form of Verb 3. Have/Has/Had + Past Participle 4. Present/Future Modals + Verb Word 5. Past Modals + Past Participle 6. Verb + Preposition 7. Main Verb + Object + Complement 8. Main Verb + Object + Object 9. Have/Has/Had + Infinitive (To + Verb) 10. Auxiliary Verb ‘Be’ + Infinitive (To + Verb) 11. Verb + Object + Infinitive (Without ‘To’) 12. There + Verb ‘Be’ + Noun + Infinitive 13. Interrogative Sentences 14. Imperative Sentences 15. Principal Clause + That + Noun Clause (Object) 16. Verb followed by --ING form or an Infinitive 17. Use of Prepositions 18. The Passive With GET 19. Middle Voice Exercise -- 01 Exercise -- 02 Exercise -- 03 Sample This: VOICE - Definition Voice refers to the form of a verb that shows whether the subject of a sentence performs the action or is affected by it. ACTIVE VOICE - Definition The form of a verb in which the subject is the person or thing that performs the action. Example: They finished the work. [subject -- “they”, verb -- “finished”, object -- “work”] In this sentence, the subject (they) acts on the object (work). Other Examples: The teacher praises him. She posted the letter. I buy new books. We will celebrate his birthday. PASSIVE VOICE - Definition The form of a verb in which the subject is affected by the action of the verb. Important Note -- The object of the active voice becomes the subject in the passive voice. Example: The work was finished by them. [subject -- “work”, passive verb -- “was finished”, object -- “them”] In this example, the subject (work) is not the doer; it is being acted upon by the doer ‘them’) Other Examples: He is praised by the teacher. The letter was posted by her New books are bought by me. His birthday will be celebrated by us. WHEN TO USE PASSIVE VOICE (1). You should use passive voice when you do not know the active subject. (2). When you want to make the active object more important. (3). When the active subject is obvious. (4). When you want to emphasize the action of the sentence rather than the doer of the action. (5). Passive voice is frequently used to describe scientific or mechanical processes (6). Passive voice is often used in news reports: (7). When active voice does not sound good. (8). When you want to make more polite or formal statements. (9). You can use passive voice to avoid responsibility. (10). You can also use passive voice for sentence variety in your writing. (11). You can also use passive voice when you want to avoid extra-long subjects. Changing Active Voice Into Passive Voice Rule 1: Move the object of the active voice into the position of the subject (front of the sentence) in the passive voice. And move the subject of the active voice into the position of the object in the passive voice. Rule 2: Passive voice needs a helping verb to express the action. Put the helping verb in the same tense as the original active sentence. The main verb of the active voice is always changed into a past participle (third form of the verb) in different ways. Rule 3: Place the active sentence's subject into a phrase beginning with the preposition ‘by’. Rule 4: If the object in an active voice sentence is a pronoun (me, us, you, him, her, they, it), it changes in a passive voice sentence as follows: me -- I; us -- we; you -- you; him -- he; her -- she; them -- they; it – it Rule 5: Subject- Verb Agreement Make the first verb agree with the new subject in a passive voice. Rule 6: When there are two objects (direct object and indirect object), only one object is interchanged. The second object remains unchanged. The following Tenses Cannot Be Changed Into Passive Voice: 1. Present Perfect Continuous Tense 2. Past Perfect Continuous Tense 3. Future Continuous Tense 4. Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Download or read book Oxford Companion to the English Language written by Tom McArthur and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018-05-14 with total page 920 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Oxford Companion to the English Language provides an authoritative single-volume source of information about the English language. It is intended both for reference and for browsing. The first edition of this landmark Companion, published in 1998, adopted a strong international perspective, covering topics from Cockney to Creole, Aboriginal English to Caribbean English and a historical range from Chaucer to Chomsky, Latin to the World Wide Web. It succinctly described and discussed the English language at the end of the twentieth century, including its distribution and varieties, its cultural, political, and educational impact worldwide, its nature, origins, and prospects, and its pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary, word-formation, and usage. This new edition notably focuses on World Englishes, English language teaching, English as an international language, and the effect of technological advances on the English language. More than 130 new entries include African American English, British Sign Language, China English, digital literacy, multimodality, social networking, superdiversity, and text messaging, among many others. It also includes new biographical entries on key individuals who have had an impact on the English language in recent decades, including Beryl (Sue) Atkins, Adam Kilgariff, and John Sinclair. It is an invaluable reference for English Language students, and fascinating reading for any general reader with an interest in language.

Download or read book Pedagogical interpretations of the English language written by R.S.Vidyarthi and published by Blue Rose Publishers. This book was released on 2023-01-12 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a comprehensive account of various aspects of the teaching of English as a second or foreign language in India. It explains how the knowledge of English is must in a globalized world. It contains a short, clear and systematic account of English pedagogical and grammatical aspects.This book ensures that students become familiar with their problem areas and then work on them to get a firm grasp on the subject. The grammatical rules have been incorporated and arranged after a thorough analysis of the broad spectrum of syllabus of B.Ed. and D.El.Ed. The aim of this book is to provide wide knowledge of the teaching of the English language as a second and foreign language.

Download or read book CLAT UG Study Notes for Complete Preparation 2024 Includes Subject English Language Current Affairs GK Legal Reasoning Logical Reasoning Quantitative Techniques Topic wise practice tests written by EduGorilla Prep Experts and published by EduGorilla Community Pvt. Ltd.. This book was released on with total page 696 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: EduGorilla's CLAT UG Study Notes are the best-selling notes for LLB aspirants. This Book include topics from CLAT UG syllabus - English, Current Affairs, GK, Legal Resoning, Logical Reasoning, and Quantitative Techniques. The content is well-researched and covers all topics related to CLAT UG Entrance Test. The book is designed to help students prepare thoroughly for their CLAT UG exam, with topic-wise study notes that are comprehensive and easy to understand. EduGorilla's CLAT UG notes also include solved multiple-choice questions (MCQs) for self-evaluation, allowing students to gauge their progress and identify areas that require further improvement. This Book perfect for understanding the pattern and type of questions asked in CLAT UG as they are tailored to the latest syllabus of the LLB entrance exam, making them a valuable resource for exam preparation.

Download or read book Integrated Skill Enhancer in English Language VIII written by Dr. R.S. Mallik and published by Laxmi Publications. This book was released on 2010-03 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: