Download or read book Direct Analysis of Coal by Total Reflection X ray Fluorescence Spectrometry written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The application of coal accounts for the 45% of the world’s electrical energy. With new stringent requirements regarding emission, various elements (critical trace elements As, Cr, Ni, Pb and Mn) are under scrutiny. They may be released into the atmosphere during coal mining, combustion and utilization. The development of new methods of techniques for the determination of these elements has become a necessity. Typically, coal analysis involves ashing followed by digestion .of the ash with a mixture of acids and subsequent analysis of the solution by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES). This method is time consuming and may result in loss of some elements as volatile species. Alternative methods for coal analysis include coal slurry analysis by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GF- AAS) and ICP-OES I inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). Direct analysis of coal can also be performed using classical wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry techniques but these have limitations at the trace levels. This study investigates the possibility of whether total reflection X-ray spectrometry (TXRF) can be used as an alternative method for the determination of trace elements in coal by the direct analysis of coal slurries. Coal certified reference materials, were prepared as fine suspensions (slurries) of dry milled material and N,N-dimethyl formamide and Triton X-100. An internal standard was added for the quantification of the coal material using the TXRF technique. Dispersion of particles deposited on the disc was also studied, by obtaining scanning electron microscope images of the samples deposited on the discs using three different techniques for deposition. Spectral overlaps were investigated to determine the capability of the deconvolution software employed and evaluate the internal standard element that could be used. The measurement results obtained showed that the TXRF technique is a suitable technique for the direct analysis of coal prepared as suspension of fine material, without the need for closely matched calibration standards. The sample droplets deposited as 5 μL or 10 μL were shown to be presented to the instrument as thin film requiring no further matrix correction. Lutetium as internal standard permitted the quantification of a wide range of analytes
Download or read book X ray Fluorescence and Automated Analysis of Fifty one Tennessee Coals written by Robert Cromwell Price and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Analysis of Mineral Matter in Coals by X ray Fluorescence written by Martin Berman and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Methods for Sampling and Inorganic Analysis of Coal written by D. W. Golightly and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This manual presents a collection of detailed procedures used in geochemical laboratories of the U.S. Geological Survey for the chemical characterization of coal.
Download or read book A Handbook of Silicate Rock Analysis written by P.J. Potts and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 633 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: without an appreciation of what happens in between. The techniques available for the chemical analysis of silicate rocks have undergone a revolution over the last 30 years. However, to use an analytical technique most effectively, No longer is the analytical balance the only instrument used it is essential to understand its analytical characteristics, in for quantitative measurement, as it was in the days of classi particular the excitation mechanism and the response of the cal gravimetric procedures. A wide variety of instrumental signal detection system. In this book, these characteristics techniques is now commonly used for silicate rock analysis, have been described within a framework of practical ana lytical aplications, especially for the routine multi-element including some that incorporate excitation sources and detec tion systems that have been developed only in the last few analysis of silicate rocks. All analytical techniques available years. These instrumental developments now permit a wide for routine silicate rock analysis are discussed, including range of trace elements to be determined on a routine basis. some more specialized procedures. Sufficient detail is In parallel with these exciting advances, users have tended included to provide practitioners of geochemistry with a firm to become more remote from the data production process. base from which to assess current performance, and in some This is, in part, an inevitable result of the widespread intro cases, future developments.
Download or read book Aliquot Size Effects on the Quantitative Analysis of Bituminous Coal Using X ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy written by Alfred Benjamin Roney and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 840 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book ERDA Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 848 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Chemical Analysis of Coal by Energy Dispersive X ray Fluorescence Utilizing Artificial Standards written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Accurate determinations of the elemental composition of coal by classical methods can be quite difficult and are normally very time consuming. X-ray fluorescence utilizing the powder method, however, has the ability of providing accurate and rapid analyses. Unfortunately, well characterized standards, although available, are not plentiful. In addition, the durability of stability of ground and pelletized coal samples is poor resulting in deterioration with time. As a result, artificial coal standards were prepared from certified geological materials by fusing in lithium tetraborate in percentages approximating expected ash contents and compositions in coal. Since the lithium tetraborate comprises about the same percentage of the standard as does the carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in coal, the ground and pelletized coal sample can be assayed against the fused calibration curves by compensating for the differences in the mass absorption coefficients of the two matrices. 5 figures, 4 tables.
Download or read book Energy Dispersive X ray Fluorescence Analysis written by Bohdan Dziunikowski and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 431 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Concise Encyclopedia of Materials Characterization written by R.W. Cahn and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2016-01-22 with total page 670 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To use materials effectively, their composition, degree of perfection, physical and mechanical characteristics, and microstructure must be accurately determined. This concise encyclopledia covers the wide range of characterization techniques necessary to achieve this. Articles included are not only concerned with the characterization techniques of specific materials such as polymers, metals, ceramics and semiconductors but also techniques which can be applied to materials in general. The techniques described cover bulk methods, and also a number of specific methods to study the topography and composition of surface and near-surface regions. These techniques range from the well-established and traditional to the very latest including: atomic force microscopy; confocal optical microscopy; gamma ray diffractometry; thermal wave imaging; x-ray diffraction and time-resolved techniques. This unique concise encyclopedia comprises 116 articles by leading experts in the field from around the world to create the ideal guide for materials scientists, chemists and engineers involved with any aspect of materials characterization. With over 540 illustrations, extensive cross-referencing, approximately 900 references, and a detailed index, this concise encyclopedia will be a valuable asset to any materials science collection.
Download or read book X Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy for Laboratory Applications written by Michael Haschke and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-04-05 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides comprehensive coverage on using X-ray fluorescence for laboratory applications This book focuses on the practical aspects of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy and discusses the requirements for a successful sample analysis, such as sample preparation, measurement techniques and calibration, as well as the quality of the analysis results. X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy for Laboratory Applications begins with a short overview of the physical fundamentals of the generation of X-rays and their interaction with the sample material, followed by a presentation of the different methods of sample preparation in dependence on the quality of the source material and the objective of the measurement. After a short description of the different available equipment types and their respective performance, the book provides in-depth information on the choice of the optimal measurement conditions and the processing of the measurement results. It covers instrument types for XRF; acquisition and evaluation of X-Ray spectra; analytical errors; analysis of homogeneous materials, powders, and liquids; special applications of XRF; process control and automation. An important resource for the analytical chemist, providing concrete guidelines and support for everyday analyses Focuses on daily laboratory work with commercially available devices Offers a unique compilation of knowledge and best practices from equipment manufacturers and users Covers the entire work process: sample preparation, the actual measurement, data processing, assessment of uncertainty, and accuracy of the obtained results X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy for Laboratory Applications appeals to analytical chemists, analytical laboratories, materials scientists, environmental chemists, chemical engineers, biotechnologists, and pharma engineers.
Download or read book Fossil Energy Update written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 790 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Atlas of Plastics Additives written by Dietrich O. Hummel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 538 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A must for experts in industry, this book describes the application of vibrational (FTIR, UV, Raman) and mass spectrometries and other instrumental techniques for identification and structure elucidation of plastics additives. Numerous tables and figures compress the state of the art.
Download or read book Handbook of Practical X Ray Fluorescence Analysis written by Burkhard Beckhoff and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-05-18 with total page 897 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: X-Ray fluorescence analysis is an established technique for non-destructive elemental materials analysis. This book gives a user-oriented practical guidance to the application of this method. The book gives a survey of the theoretical fundamentals, analytical instrumentation, software for data processing, various excitation regimes including gracing incidents and microfocus measurements, quantitative analysis, applications in routine and micro analysis, mineralogy, biology, medicine, criminal investigations, archeology, metallurgy, abrasion, microelectronics, environmental air and water analysis. This book is the bible of X-Ray fluorescence analysis. It gives the basic knowledge on this technique, information on analytical equipment and guides the reader to the various applications. It appeals to researchers, analytically active engineers and advanced students.
Download or read book Analysis of Trace Elements in Coal by Spark source Mass Spectrometry written by T. Kessler and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Advances in Coal Spectroscopy written by Henk Meuzelaar and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-12-14 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The past decade has witnessed major advances in our understanding of the chemical composition, structure, and reactivity of the complex organic-rich fossil matter known as "coal. " Nevertheless, important scientific questions concerning molecular weight distributions, degree of crosslinking, typical duster sizes, type of interconnecting bridges, the possible role of a "mobile phase," and the nature of organic sulfur forms remain topics of heated debate. Moreover, there appears to be a notable lack of consensus regarding the overall direction and goals of structural elucidation work. Is it worthwhile to study whole coal samples, or should we separate out the various, more or less well-defined, maceral and mineral constituents before attempting to describe the structural and compositional features of coal at the molecular Ievel? Second, should there be more emphasis on key structural features and average statistical parameters, or is it necessary to identify individual chemical structures in considerable detail? From the developments of the past decade it is clear that advanced spectroscopic techniques are playing an increasingly important role in resolving difficult questions with regard to the chemical structure and composition of coal. Moreover, it has become equally clear that no single spectroscopic approach can provide all the answers but multiple techniques need to be used in a highly integrated and synergistic manner.
