Download or read book Diplomatic Dispatches about Circassia from the Consulate of France in Odessa 1836 1840 written by Azamat Kumykov and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2024-04-22 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the first in a larger series of publications which preserve and make accessible primary sources from various archives and other materials related to the history of Circassia, this volume contains the relevant dispatches of A. A. Challaye, the Consul of France in Odessa for the years 1836 to 1840. It offers a rare glimpse into the way French diplomacy was making sense of events in and around the North Caucasus and the eastern shore of the Black Sea at the time of increased tensions between Russia and Great Britain over the Circassian question – the political status of nations which inhabited the western part of the North Caucasus and of the North Caucasus in general.
Download or read book Diplomatic Dispatches about Circassia from the Consulate of France in Odessa 1836 1840 written by Georges Mamoulia and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2024-02-20 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the first in a larger series of publications which preserve and make accessible primary sources from various archives and other materials related to the history of Circassia, this volume contains the relevant dispatches of A. A. Challaye, the Consul of France in Odessa for the years 1836 to 1840. It offers a rare glimpse into the way French diplomacy was making sense of events in and around the North Caucasus and the eastern shore of the Black Sea at the time of increased tensions between Russia and Great Britain over the Circassian question - the political status of nations which inhabited the western part of the North Caucasus and of the North Caucasus in general.
Download or read book The Orient the Liberal Movement and the Eastern Crisis of 1839 41 written by P. E. Caquet and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-09-29 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the Eastern Crisis of 1839-41, closely examining the first instance of coordinated Western intervention in the Middle East during the modern era. Readers can explore topics such as how culture, domestic politics, and ideology shaped diplomacy in this landmark crisis, and the importance role played by religion - including, alongside mainstream Christianity, the Protestant Zionist movement. Highly informative and fully researched, this book suggests that the Eastern Crisis - and its associated diplomatic and military efforts - marked the first of many modern-era attempts to “improve” the region by moulding it in a Western image, providing scholars with a new perspective on this period of history.
Download or read book The Eastern Question written by John A. R. Marriott and published by . This book was released on 1917 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Diplomatic History of the Caspian Sea written by G. Mirfendereski and published by Springer. This book was released on 2001-08-10 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a series of short stories that both inform and amuse, this book transports the reader across the windswept shores of the Caspian Sea and provides a provocative view of the wars, peace, intrigues, and betrayals that have shaped the political geography of this important and volatile region. The demise of the Soviet Union in 1991 and the eclipsing of the old Iranian-Soviet regime of the sea have given rise to new challenges for the regional actors and unprecedented opportunities for international players to tap into the area's enormous oil and gas resources, third in size only behind Siberia and the Persian Gulf. This book explores the historical themes that inform and animate the more immediate and familiar discussions about petroleum, pipelines, and ethnic conflict in the Caspian region.
Download or read book Dubrovnik written by Robin Harris and published by Saqi Books. This book was released on 2006-01-31 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since emerging as a settlement in the seventh century, Dubrovnik has faced Venetian aggressors, Ottoman plotters, a terrible earthquake in 1667 and, finally, the will of Napoleon. In 1991–92 the city survived the besieging Yugoslav army, which heavily damaged but did not destroy its cultural heritage.This book is a comprehensive history of Dubrovnik's progress over twelve centuries of European development, encompassing arts, architecture, social and economic changes, politics and the trauma of war.
Download or read book International Trade and Diplomacy at the Lower Danube The Sulina Question and the Economic Premises of the Crimean War 1829 1853 written by Constantin Ardeleanu and published by Editura Istros. This book was released on 2014 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Caucasus Under Soviet Rule written by Alex Marshall and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2010-09-13 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Caucasus is a strategically and economically important region in contemporary global affairs. Western interest in the Caucasus has grown rapidly since 1991, fuelled by the admixture of oil politics, great power rivalry, ethnic separatism and terrorism that characterizes the region. However, until now there has been little understanding of how these issues came to assume the importance they have today. This book argues that understanding the Soviet legacy in the region is critical to analysing both the new states of the Transcaucasus and the autonomous territories of the North Caucasus. It examines the impact of Soviet rule on the Caucasus, focusing in particular on the period from 1917 to 1955. Important questions covered include how the Soviet Union created ‘nations’ out of the diverse peoples of the North Caucasus; the true nature of the 1917 revolution; the role and effects of forced migration in the region; how over time the constituent nationalities of the region came to re-define themselves; and how Islamic radicalism came to assume the importance it continues to hold today. A cauldron of war, revolution, and foreign interventions - from the British and Ottoman Turks to the oil-hungry armies of Hitler’s Third Reich - the Caucasus and the policies and actors it produced (not least Stalin, Sergo Ordzhonikidze and Anastas Mikoyan) both shaped the Soviet experiment in the twentieth century and appear set to continue to shape the geopolitics of the twenty-first. Making unprecedented use of memoirs, archives and published sources, this book is an invaluable aid for scholars, political analysts and journalists alike to understanding one of the most important borderlands of the modern world.
Download or read book Armenia Travels and Studies written by Harry Finnis Blosse Lynch and published by . This book was released on 1901 with total page 618 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The author's account describes two separate journeys, from August 1893 to March 1894 and from May to September 1898.
Download or read book The Ideal River written by Joanne Yao and published by . This book was released on 2022-04-09 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ideal river offers a remarkable account of how three historic attempts to establish international commissions on transboundary rivers in the nineteenth century shaped our modern international order.
Download or read book Ottoman Population 1830 1914 written by Kemal H. Karpat and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A History of the African Methodist Episcopal Church written by Charles Spencer Smith and published by . This book was released on 1922 with total page 594 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Pasha written by Letitia W. Ufford and published by McFarland. This book was released on 2007-07-30 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With striking parallels to recent confrontations in Iraq, this is the story of the first Western international coalition to suppress an aggressive Middle Eastern ruler. The challenger was Mehemet Ali Pasha, called the founder of modern Egypt. Convinced that the Europeans would never be able to unite against him, he sought, with charm, brilliance and bravado, to create a powerful Muslim counterweight to the encroaching West. Drawing on research on three continents, this timely book takes the reader into the heart of a crisis as France, Great Britain, the Ottoman government and the Pasha of Egypt maneuver to defend their interests in the Eastern Mediterranean. Here are the passionate debates among French and British politicians as they struggle to control the Pasha without provoking a European war. Here are the battlefields--from the Euphrates to Beirut--on which Mehemet Ali's modernizing forces created the facts that fed the crisis. Here are the Sultan's ministers at Istanbul, buffeted by the threats of European ambassadors. And here, in confrontation, is the fascinating Mehemet Ali Pasha, in constant conversation with those seeking to deflect him from his dangerous ambition. As France began the fortification of Paris, as Prussia contemplated the French threat of a war on the Rhine and as British warships flooded the Mediterranean, Mehemet Ali sat cross-legged on his sumptuous divan, looking from his palace out over his beautiful fleet at anchor in the bay of Alexandria, and challenged the western world.
Download or read book Outsourcing African Labor written by Jeffrey Gunn and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2021-07-19 with total page 323 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By the late eighteenth century, the ever-increasing British need for local labour in West Africa based on malarial, climatic, and manpower concerns led to a willingness of the British and Kru (West African labourers from Liberia) to experiment with free wage labour contracts. The Kru’s familiarity with European trade on the Kru Coast (modern Liberia) from at least the sixteenth century played a fundamental role in their decision to expand their wage earning opportunities under contract with the British. The establishment of Freetown in 1792 enabled the Kru to engage in systematized work for British merchants, ship captains, and naval officers. Kru workers increased their migration to Freetown establishing what appears to be their first permanent labouring community beyond their homeland on the Kru Coast. Their community in Freetown known as Krutown provided a readily available labour pool and ensured their regular employment on board British commercial ships and Royal Navy vessels circumnavigating the Atlantic and beyond. In the process, the Kru established a network of Krutowns and community settlements in many Atlantic ports including Cape Coast, Fernando Po, Ascension Island, Cape of Good Hope, and in the British Caribbean in Demerara and Port of Spain. Outsourcing African Labour in the Nineteenth Century: Kru Migratory Workers in Global Ports, Estates and Battlefields structures the fragmented history of Kru workers into a coherent global framework. The migration of Kru workers in the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans, in commercial and military contexts represents a movement of free wage labour that transformed the Kru Coast into a homeland that nurtured diasporas and staffed a vast network of workplaces. As the Kru formed permanent and transient working communities around the Atlantic and in the British Caribbean, they underwent several phases of social, political, and economic innovation, which ultimately overcame a decline in employment in their homeland on the Kru Coast by the end of the nineteenth century by increasing employment in their diaspora. There were unique features of the Kru migrant labour force that characterized all phases of its expansion. The migration was virtually entirely male, and at a time when slavery was widespread and the slave trade was subjected to the abolition campaign of the British Navy, Kru workers were free with an expertise in manning seaborne craft and porterage. Kru carried letters from previous captains as testimonies of their reliability and work ethic or they worked under the supervision of experienced workers who effectively served as references for employment. They worked for contractual periods of between six months and five years for which they were paid wages. The Kru thereby stand out as an anomaly in the history of Atlantic trade when compared with the much larger diasporas of enslaved Africans.
Download or read book The Green Studies Reader written by Laurence Coupe and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2000 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Laurence Coupe brings together a collection of extracts from a wide range of both historical and contemporary ecocritical texts.
Download or read book Armenia Travels and Studies Volume 1 written by H F B 1862-1913 Lynch and published by Legare Street Press. This book was released on 2022-10-27 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Download or read book In Defence of British India written by Edward Ingram and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-05-03 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Defence of British India (1984) illustrates the problems arising from the British need to defend an Indian empire against the fluctuations in the European balance of power, preferably by isolating the empire from the European political system. The strategies devised by Britain to forestall and later to counter the expansion of European empires into the Middle East are known as the Great Game, which began in 1798 in response to the French invasion of Egypt. Later, the British planned an offensive in the Middle East itself as a means by which to defend their Indian empire.
