Download or read book The Chinese Roots of Linear Algebra written by Roger Hart and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2011-01-01 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A monumental accomplishment in the history of non-Western mathematics, The Chinese Roots of Linear Algebra explains the fundamentally visual way Chinese mathematicians understood and solved mathematical problems. It argues convincingly that what the West "discovered" in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries had already been known to the Chinese for 1,000 years. Accomplished historian and Chinese-language scholar Roger Hart examines Nine Chapters of Mathematical Arts—the classic ancient Chinese mathematics text—and the arcane art of fangcheng, one of the most significant branches of mathematics in Imperial China. Practiced between the first and seventeenth centuries by anonymous and most likely illiterate adepts, fangcheng involves manipulating counting rods on a counting board. It is essentially equivalent to the solution of systems of N equations in N unknowns in modern algebra, and its practice, Hart reveals, was visual and algorithmic. Fangcheng practitioners viewed problems in two dimensions as an array of numbers across counting boards. By "cross multiplying" these, they derived solutions of systems of linear equations that are not found in ancient Greek or early European mathematics. Doing so within a column equates to Gaussian elimination, while the same operation among individual entries produces determinantal-style solutions. Mathematicians and historians of mathematics and science will find in The Chinese Roots of Linear Algebra new ways to conceptualize the intellectual development of linear algebra.
Download or read book written by Ikhwān al-Ṣafāʼ and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first critical edition of the first and second Epistles of the Brethren Purity—the Rasa 'il—in Arabic with a fully annotated English translation. It presents technical and epistemic analyses of mathematical concepts and their metaphysical bases, and an overview of the mathematical sciences within Islamic intellectual milieu.
Download or read book Diophanti Alexandrini Opera Omnia written by Diophantus (Of Alexandria.) and published by . This book was released on 2014-02 with total page 540 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book. ++++ The below data was compiled from various identification fields in the bibliographic record of this title. This data is provided as an additional tool in helping to ensure edition identification: ++++ Diophanti Alexandrini Opera Omnia: Cum Graecis Commentariis, Volume 1; Bibliotheca Scriptorum Graecorum Et Romanorum Teubneriana; Diophanti Alexandrini Opera Omnia: Cum Graecis Commentariis; Paul Tannery; Diophanti Alexandrini Opera Omnia; Maximus Planudes Diophantus (of Alexandria.) George Pachymeres, Maximus Planudes, Paul Tannery in aedibus B. G. Teubneri, 1893 Arithmetic; Mathematics, Greek
Download or read book A Catalogue of Books for the Year 1813 1815 1818 in All the Branches of Science and Literature Etc written by William Laing and published by . This book was released on 1813 with total page 916 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Catalogue of Books for the Year 1818 Now on Sale written by William Laing (Bookseller.) and published by . This book was released on 1818 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Athenaeum written by and published by . This book was released on 1893 with total page 832 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Brief History of Numbers written by Leo Corry and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2015-08-27 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The world around us is saturated with numbers. They are a fundamental pillar of our modern society, and accepted and used with hardly a second thought. But how did this state of affairs come to be? In this book, Leo Corry tells the story behind the idea of number from the early days of the Pythagoreans, up until the turn of the twentieth century. He presents an overview of how numbers were handled and conceived in classical Greek mathematics, in the mathematics of Islam, in European mathematics of the middle ages and the Renaissance, during the scientific revolution, all the way through to the mathematics of the 18th to the early 20th century. Focusing on both foundational debates and practical use numbers, and showing how the story of numbers is intimately linked to that of the idea of equation, this book provides a valuable insight to numbers for undergraduate students, teachers, engineers, professional mathematicians, and anyone with an interest in the history of mathematics.
Download or read book The Athenaeum written by and published by . This book was released on 1893 with total page 832 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Architecture of Alexandria and Egypt C 300 B C to A D 700 written by Judith McKenzie and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2007-01-01 with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This masterful history of the monumental architecture of Alexandria, as well as of the rest of Egypt, encompasses an entire millennium—from the city’s founding by Alexander the Great in 331 B.C. to the years just after the Islamic conquest of A.D. 642. Long considered lost beyond recall, the architecture of ancient Alexandria has until now remained mysterious. But here Judith McKenzie shows that it is indeed possible to reconstruct the city and many of its buildings by means of meticulous exploration of archaeological remains, written sources, and an array of other fragmentary evidence. The book approaches its subject at the macro- and the micro-level: from city-planning, building types, and designs to architectural style. It addresses the interaction between the imported Greek and native Egyptian traditions; the relations between the architecture of Alexandria and the other cities and towns of Egypt as well as the wider Mediterranean world; and Alexandria’s previously unrecognized role as a major source of architectural innovation and artistic influence. Lavishly illustrated with new plans of the city in the Ptolemaic, Roman, and Byzantine periods; reconstruction drawings; and photographs, the book brings to life the ancient city and uncovers the true extent of its architectural legacy in the Mediterranean world.
Download or read book The History of Mathematics from Antiquity to the Present written by Joseph Warren Dauben and published by Scholarly Title. This book was released on 1985 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Empirico Statistical Analysis of Narrative Material and its Applications to Historical Dating written by A.T. Fomenko and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 471 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We present certain empirico-statistical methods for the analysis of narrative and nu merical data extracted from different texts of historical character such as chronicles or annals. They are based on several statistical principles worked out by the author, and originally reported at the Third International Vilnius Conference on Probability Theory and Mathematical Statistics in 1981. The principal results were published in the papers [15]-[32], [293]-[299], [304]-[319] and in the book: A. T. Fomenko, Methods for Statistical Analysis of Narrative Texts and Applications to Chronol ogy, Moscow Univ. Press, Moscow, 1990 (in Russian). See also Part 1. The methods are applied to the problem of correct dating of the events in ancient and medieval history. These results induce conjectures on the redating of some important ancient historical events. Generally speaking, we might say that the commonly accepted "Modern Text book" of ancient and medieval European, Mediterranean, Egyptian and Middle Eastern history is a fibered (layered) chronicle obtained by gluing together four nearly identical copies of a shorter "original" chronicle. The other three chronicles are obtained from the "original" chronicle by redating and renaming the events de scribed in them; we rigidly move the "original" chronicle in its entirety backwards in time by approximately 333, 1053 and 1778 years. Thus, the full "Modern Textbook" can be reconstructed from its smaller part, namely from the "original" chronicle for the 9-17th cc. A.D. See Appendix 1, Figs. 101-104.
Download or read book Diophantus of Alexandria written by Thomas L. Heath and published by CUP Archive. This book was released on 1910 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The History of Mathematical Proof in Ancient Traditions written by Karine Chemla and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-07-05 with total page 522 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This radical, profoundly scholarly book explores the purposes and nature of proof in a range of historical settings. It overturns the view that the first mathematical proofs were in Greek geometry and rested on the logical insights of Aristotle by showing how much of that view is an artefact of nineteenth-century historical scholarship. It documents the existence of proofs in ancient mathematical writings about numbers and shows that practitioners of mathematics in Mesopotamian, Chinese and Indian cultures knew how to prove the correctness of algorithms, which are much more prominent outside the limited range of surviving classical Greek texts that historians have taken as the paradigm of ancient mathematics. It opens the way to providing the first comprehensive, textually based history of proof.
Download or read book Hypatia of Alexandria written by Maria Dzielska and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 1995 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hypatia—brilliant mathematician, eloquent Neoplatonist, and a woman renowned for her beauty—was brutally murdered by a mob of Christians in Alexandria in 415. She has been a legend ever since. In this engrossing book, Maria Dzielska searches behind the legend to bring us the real story of Hypatia's life and death, and new insight into her colorful world. Historians and poets, Victorian novelists and contemporary feminists have seen Hypatia as a symbol—of the waning of classical culture and freedom of inquiry, of the rise of fanatical Christianity, or of sexual freedom. Dzielska shows us why versions of Hypatia's legend have served her champions' purposes, and how they have distorted the true story. She takes us back to the Alexandria of Hypatia's day, with its Library and Museion, pagan cults and the pontificate of Saint Cyril, thriving Jewish community and vibrant Greek culture, and circles of philosophers, mathematicians, astronomers, and militant Christians. Drawing on the letters of Hypatia's most prominent pupil, Synesius of Cyrene, Dzielska constructs a compelling picture of the young philosopher's disciples and her teaching. Finally she plumbs her sources for the facts surrounding Hypatia's cruel death, clarifying what the murder tells us about the tensions of this tumultuous era.
Download or read book Athenaeum and Literary Chronicle written by and published by . This book was released on 1893 with total page 832 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Elements of Algebra written by Leonhard Euler and published by . This book was released on 1810 with total page 960 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Cambridge Intellectual History of Byzantium written by Anthony Kaldellis and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-11-30 with total page 1438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume brings into being the field of Byzantine intellectual history. Shifting focus from the cultural, social, and economic study of Byzantium to the life and evolution of ideas in their context, it provides an authoritative history of intellectual endeavors from Late Antiquity to the fifteenth century. At its heart lie the transmission, transformation, and shifts of Hellenic, Christian, and Byzantine ideas and concepts as exemplified in diverse aspects of intellectual life, from philosophy, theology, and rhetoric to astrology, astronomy, and politics. Case studies introduce the major players in Byzantine intellectual life, and particular emphasis is placed on the reception of ancient thought and its significance for secular as well as religious modes of thinking and acting. New insights are offered regarding controversial, understudied, or promising topics of research, such as philosophy and medical thought in Byzantium, and intellectual exchanges with the Arab world.
