Download or read book Digital Enhancement Techniques for Digital Fractional N Phase Locked Loops written by Cristián Enrique Álvarez-Fontecilla and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phase-locked loops (PLLs) are critical components in modern electronics communication systems, where they are used to synthesize local oscillator signals for modulation and demodulation in wireless transceivers. They are also used to clock digital-to-analog converters (DACs), analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), and digital processors. Most PLLs incorporate either analog filters and voltage-controlled oscillators (VCOs) or digital filters and digitally-controlled oscillators (DCOs). The former are called analog PLLs and the latter are called digital PLLs. To date, analog PLLs have the best phase error performance, but digital PLLs have the lowest circuit area and are more compatible with highly-scaled CMOS IC technology. Thus, improving the performance of digital PLLs has been the subject of intensive research for many years. The first chapter of this dissertation presents a multi-rate dynamic element matching (MR-DEM) technique and an adaptive mismatch-noise cancellation (MNC) technique that work together to mitigate spectral breathing in digital PLLs, a problem caused by mismatches among the frequency control elements (FCEs) within the DCO. It presents a theoretical analysis of the techniques, as well as behavioral simulation results that support this analysis. The second chapter of this dissertation presents delta-sigma ([delta][sigma]) frequency-to-digital converter (FDC) all-digital enhancements for FDC-based digital fractional-N PLLs. It describes an enhanced [delta][sigma] FDC architecture that has relaxed timing constraints and reduced phase-frequency detector (PFD) output pulse-span compared to prior-art [delta][sigma] FDCs. It also describes and analyses a [delta][sigma] FDC forward gain calibration technique that reduces the complexity associated with the system's implementation and improves the phase noise performance of PLLs with high loop bandwidths. The third chapter of this dissertation presents an integrated circuit high-performance PLL which implements the MR-DEM and MNC techniques presented in the first chapter. It demonstrates the detrimental effects of the spectral breathing phenomenon, as well as the effectiveness of the MR-DEM and MNC techniques to mitigate this problem.

Download or read book Performance Enhancement Techniques for Low Power Digital Phase Locked Loops written by Amr Elshazly and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Desire for low-power, high performance computing has been at core of the symbiotic union between digital circuits and CMOS scaling. While digital circuit performance improves with device scaling, analog circuits have not gained these benefits. As a result, it has become necessary to leverage increased digital circuit performance to mitigate analog circuit deficiencies in nanometer scale CMOS in order to realize world class analog solutions. In this thesis, both circuit and system enhancement techniques to improve performance of clock generators are discussed. The following techniques were developed: (1) A digital PLL that employs an adaptive and highly efficient way to cancel the effect of supply noise, (2) a supply regulated DPLL that uses low power regulator and improves supply noise rejection, (3) a digital multiplying DLL that obviates the need for high-resolution TDC while achieving sub-picosecond jitter and excellent supply noise immunity, and (4) a high resolution TDC based on a switched ring oscillator, are presented. Measured results obtained from the prototype chips are presented to illustrate the proposed design techniques.

Download or read book Phase Locked Loops for Wireless Communications written by Donald R. Stephens and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-05-08 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phase-Locked Loops for Wireless Communications: Digitial, Analog and Optical Implementations, Second Edition presents a complete tutorial of phase-locked loops from analog implementations to digital and optical designs. The text establishes a thorough foundation of continuous-time analysis techniques and maintains a consistent notation as discrete-time and non-uniform sampling are presented. New to this edition is a complete treatment of charge pumps and the complementary sequential phase detector. Another important change is the increased use of MATLAB®, implemented to provide more familiar graphics and reader-derived phase-locked loop simulation. Frequency synthesizers and digital divider analysis/techniques have been added to this second edition. Perhaps most distinctive is the chapter on optical phase-locked loops that begins with sections discussing components such as lasers and photodetectors and finishing with homodyne and heterodyne loops. Starting with a historical overview, presenting analog, digital, and optical PLLs, discussing phase noise analysis, and including circuits/algorithms for data synchronization, this volume contains new techniques being used in this field. Highlights of the Second Edition: Development of phase-locked loops from analog to digital and optical, with consistent notation throughout; Expanded coverage of the loop filters used to design second and third order PLLs; Design examples on delay-locked loops used to synchronize circuits on CPUs and ASICS; New material on digital dividers that dominate a frequency synthesizer's noise floor. Techniques to analytically estimate the phase noise of a divider; Presentation of optical phase-locked loops with primers on the optical components and fundamentals of optical mixing; Section on automatic frequency control to provide frequency-locking of the lasers instead of phase-locking; Presentation of charge pumps, counters, and delay-locked loops. The Second Edition includes the essential topics needed by wireless, optics, and the traditional phase-locked loop specialists to design circuits and software algorithms. All of the material has been updated throughout the book.

Download or read book Digital Enhancement Techniques for Fractional N Frequency Synthesizers written by Ahmed Mostafa Mohamed Attia Elkholy and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Monolithic Phase Locked Loops and Clock Recovery Circuits written by Behzad Razavi and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1996-04-18 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Featuring an extensive 40 page tutorial introduction, this carefully compiled anthology of 65 of the most important papers on phase-locked loops and clock recovery circuits brings you comprehensive coverage of the field-all in one self-contained volume. You'll gain an understanding of the analysis, design, simulation, and implementation of phase-locked loops and clock recovery circuits in CMOS and bipolar technologies along with valuable insights into the issues and trade-offs associated with phase locked systems for high speed, low power, and low noise.

Download or read book Enabling Techniques for Wide Bandwidth Fractional N Phase Locked Loops written by Sudhakar Pamarti and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Phase Locked Loops for Wireless Communications written by Donald R. Stephens and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is intended for the graduate or advanced undergraduate engineer. The primary motivation for writing the text was to present a complete tutorial of phase-locked loops with a consistent notation. As such, it can serve as a textbook in formal classroom instruction, or as a self-study guide for the practicing engineer. A former colleague, Kevin Kreitzer, had suggested that I write a text, with an emphasis on digital phase-locked loops. As modem designers, we were continually receiving requests from other engineers asking for a definitive reference on digital phase-locked loops. There are several good papers in the literature, but there was not a good textbook for either classroom or self-paced study. From my own experience in designing low phase noise synthesizers, I also knew that third-order analog loop design was omitted from most texts. With those requirements, the material in the text seemed to flow naturally. Chapter 1 is the early history of phase-locked loops. I believe that historical knowledge can provide insight to the development and progress of a field, and phase-locked loops are no exception. As discussed in Chapter 1, consumer electronics (color television) prompted a rapid growth in phase-locked loop theory and applications, much like the wireless communications growth today. xiv Preface Although all-analog phase-locked loops are becoming rare, the continuous time nature of analog loops allows a good introduction to phase-locked loop theory.

Download or read book Phase Locking in High Performance Systems written by Behzad Razavi and published by Wiley-IEEE Press. This book was released on 2003-02-27 with total page 736 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive coverage of recent developments in phase-locked loop technology The rapid growth of high-speed semiconductor and communication technologies has helped make phase-locked loops (PLLs) an essential part of memories, microprocessors, radio-frequency (RF) transceivers, broadband data communication systems, and other burgeoning fields. Complementing his 1996 Monolithic Phase-Locked Loops and Clock Recovery Circuits (Wiley-IEEE Press), Behzad Razavi now has collected the most important recent writing on PLL into a comprehensive, self-contained look at PLL devices, circuits, and architectures. Phase-Locking in High-Performance Systems: From Devices to Architectures' five original tutorials and eighty-three key papers provide an eminently readable foundation in phase-locked systems. Analog and digital circuit designers will glean a wide range of practical information from the book's . . . * Tutorials dealing with devices, delay-locked loops (DLLs), fractional-N synthesizers, bang-bang PLLs, and simulation of phase noise and jitter * In-depth discussions of passive devices such as inductors, transformers, and varactors * Papers on the analysis of phase noise and jitter in various types of oscillators * Concentrated examinations of building blocks, including the design of oscillators, frequency dividers, and phase/frequency detectors * Articles addressing the problem of clock generation by phase-locking for timing and digital applications, RF synthesis, and the application of phase-locking to clock and data recovery circuits In tandem with its companion volume, Phase-Locking in High-Performance Systems: From Devices to Architectures is a superb reference for anyone working on, or seeking to better understand, this rapidly-developing and increasingly central technology.

Download or read book Digital Subsampling Phase Lock Techniques for Frequency Synthesis and Polar Transmission written by Nereo Markulic and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-01-30 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explains concepts behind fractional subsampling-based frequency synthesis that is re-shaping today’s art in the field of low-noise LO generation. It covers advanced material, giving clear guidance for development of background-calibrated environments capable of spur-free synthesis and wideband phase modulation. It further expands the concepts into the field of subsampling polar transmission, where the newly developed architecture enables unprecedented spectral efficiency levels, unquestionably required by the upcoming generation of wireless standards.

Download or read book Spurious Tone Mitigation in Fractional N Phase Locked Loops written by Eythan Familier and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fractional-N phase-locked loops (PLLs) are widely used to synthesize local oscillator signals for modulation and demodulation in communication systems. Their phase error inevitably consists of both a periodic component made up of spurious tones and a random component called phase noise. Spurious tones are particularly harmful to the performance of typical communication systems, so most communication standards stipulate stringent limits on their maximum power in relevant frequency bands. High-performance PLLs generally contain noise-shaping coarse quantizers to control their output frequency. Such quantizers are a fundamental source of spurious tones in the PLL's phase error. This is because spurious tones are inevitably induced when the quantizer's quantization noise is subjected to nonlinear distortion from analog circuit imperfections. This dissertation presents a rigorous analysis of this effect and a way to mitigate it through the use of a class of digital quantizers with first and higher-order highpass shaped quantization noise which are optimized for spurious tone and phase noise mitigation. The first chapter of this dissertation presents a mathematical analysis of spurious tone generation via nonlinear distortion of quantization noise. It proves that subjecting the quantization noise running sum of a digital quantizer to a nonlinearity of a certain order will inevitably induce spurious tones, and shows the relation between such nonlinearity order and the range of values the quantization noise running sum takes. The results are general and apply to any digital quantizer. The second chapter of this dissertation presents a class of digital quantizers with optimal immunity to nonlinearity-induced spurious tones and with first-order highpass shaped quantization noise. It presents design solutions for digital quantizers with quantization noise that can be subjected to nonlinear distortion of a given order without inducing spurious tones, and relies on the results from the first chapter to prove that the presented solutions are optimal in terms of spurious tone generation. The third chapter of this dissertation presents digital quantizers with second and third-order highpass shaped quantization noise which can be optimized for either spurious tone or phase noise mitigation. These quantizers can replace the often-used delta-sigma modulators in high-performance PLLs to either improve spurious-tone performance at the expense of slightly higher PLL phase noise or lower PLL phase noise. The fourth chapter of this dissertation present an integrated circuit PLL which implements the second and third-order digital quantizers presented in the third chapter. It demonstrates record-setting spurious tone performance due to the use of these digital quantizers and to a new linearity-enhancement PLL timing scheme.

Download or read book Digital Techniques in Frequency Synthesis written by Bar-Giora Goldberg and published by McGraw-Hill Companies. This book was released on 1996 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Fractional N All digital Phase locked Loop Using TDC and DTC Linearization Technology for FSK Application written by 張庭豪 and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Time Amplifier Assisted FDC and DTC Linearization for Digital Fractional N PLLs written by Eslam Mohamed Sayed Ali Helal and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phase-locked loops (PLLs) are critical components in modern electronics communication systems, where they are used to synthesize local oscillator signals for modulation and demodulation in wireless transceivers. They are also used to clock digital-to-analog converters (DACs), analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), and digital processors. Most PLLs incorporate either analog filters and voltage-controlled oscillators (VCOs) or digital filters and digitally-controlled oscillators (DCOs). The former are called analog PLLs and the latter are called digital PLLs. To date, analog PLLs have the best phase error performance, but digital PLLs have the lowest circuit area and are more compatible with highly-scaled CMOS integrated circuit (IC) technology. Thus, improving the performance of digital PLLs has been the subject of intensive research for many years. The first chapter of this dissertation presents time-difference amplifier (TA) and its application to a digital fractional-N phase-locked loop (PLL). The TA includes a delay-averaging linearity enhancement technique and the PLL is based on an improved dual-mode ring oscillator (DMRO) delta-sigma ([delta][sigma]) frequency-to-digital converter (FDC). The TA mitigates contributions to the PLL's phase noise from DMRO noise. The paper also presents a delay-free asynchronous DMRO phase sampling scheme, and the first experimental demonstration of a recently-proposed [delta][sigma] FDC digital gain calibration technique. The second chapter of this dissertation presents an entirely digital background calibration technique that adaptively measures and cancels error resulting from DTC component mismatches that would otherwise degrade the phase noise of digital PLLs with DTC-based quantization noise cancellation. This technique indirectly addresses the well-known DTC nonlinearity problem because it facilitates the use of inherently-linear DTCs comprised of cascades of 1-bit DTC stages. Such DTCs tend to introduce excessive error from component mismatches, which has heretofore hindered their application to low-jitter PLLs. Published digital predistortion techniques provide an alternate means of mitigating DTC nonlinearity, but their convergence rates are at least an order of magnitude slower than that of the presented technique. It also presents a rigorous mathematical analysis that precisely quantifies the calibration technique's settling performance and provides conditions under which it is unconditionally stable.

Download or read book Phase Locked Loops 6 e written by Roland E. Best and published by McGraw Hill Professional. This book was released on 2007-08-13 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Definitive Introduction to Phase-Locked Loops, Complete with Software for Designing Wireless Circuits! The Sixth Edition of Roland Best's classic Phase-Locked Loops has been updated to equip you with today's definitive introduction to PLL design, complete with powerful PLL design and simulation software written by the author. Filled with all the latest PLL advances, this celebrated sourcebook now includes new chapters on frequency synthesis...CAD for PLLs...mixed-signal PLLs...all-digital PLLs...and software PLLs_plus a new collection of sample communications applications. An essential tool for achieving cutting-edge PLL design, the Sixth Edition of Phase-Locked Loops features: A wealth of easy-to-use methods for designing phase-locked loops Over 200 detailed illustrations New to this edition: new chapters on frequency synthesis, including fractional-N PLL frequency synthesizers using sigma-delta modulators; CAD for PLLs, mixed-signal PLLs, all-digital PLLs, and software PLLs; new PLL communications applications, including an overview on digital modulation techniques Inside this Updated PLL Design Guide • Introduction to PLLs • Mixed-Signal PLL Components • Mixed-Signal PLL Analysis • PLL Performance in the Presence of Noise • Design Procedure for Mixed-Signal PLLs • Mixed-Signal PLL Applications • Higher Order Loops • CAD and Simulation of Mixed-Signal PLLs • All-Digital PLLs (ADPLLs) • CAD and Simulation of ADPLLs • The Software PLL (SPLL) • The PLL in Communications • State-of-the-Art Commercial PLL Integrated Circuits • Appendices: The Pull-In Process • The Laplace Transform • Digital Filter Basics • Measuring PLL Parameters

Download or read book A New Technique for Fractional N Phase locked Loop Frequency Synthesis written by Jerome Mark Shapiro and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Phase Locked Loops written by Woogeun Rhee and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2024-01-11 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discover the essential materials for phase-locked loop circuit design, from fundamentals to practical design aspects A phase-locked loop (PLL) is a type of circuit with a range of important applications in telecommunications and computing. It generates an output signal with a controlled relationship to an input signal, such as an oscillator which matches the phases of input and output signals. This is a critical function in coherent communication systems, with the result that the theory and design of these circuits are essential to electronic communications of all kinds. Phase-Locked Loops: System Perspectives and Circuit Design Aspects provides a concise, accessible introduction to PLL design. It introduces readers to the role of PLLs in modern communication systems, the fundamental techniques of phase-lock circuitry, and the possible applications of PLLs in a wide variety of electronic communications contexts. The first book of its kind to incorporate modern architectures and to balance theoretical fundamentals with detailed design insights, this promises to be a must-own text for students and industry professionals. The book also features: Coverage of PLL basics with insightful analysis and examples tailored for circuit designers Applications of PLLs for both wireless and wireline systems Practical circuit design aspects for modern frequency generation, frequency modulation, and clock recovery systems Phase-Locked Loops is essential for graduate students and advanced undergraduates in integrated circuit design, as well researchers and engineers in electrical and computing subjects.

Download or read book Fractional N DTC assisted TDC based All digital Phase locked Loop written by 林淳濂 and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: