Download or read book Differentiating Serious and Non serious Injury of Marine Mammals Taken Incidental to Commerical Fishing Operations written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Differentiating Serious and Non serious Injury of Marine Mammals written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "To promote national consistency for interpreting the regulatory definition of serious injury, NMFS convened a workshop in April 1997 to discuss available information related to the impact of injuries to marine mammals incidental to commercial fishing operations (Angliss and DeMaster, 1998). Since 1997, additional information has been collected on human-caused injuries to marine mammals and survival rates of certain individual and/or species of marine mammals. For this reason, NMFS convened the Serious Injury Technical Workshop on September 10-13, 2007, with the primary objectives to: 1) review the recommendations and guidance from the 1997 workshop; 2) review new information obtained since the first workshop; and 3) discuss the use of, and necessary changes to, existing guidance for distinguishing serious from non-serious injuries. The 2007 workshop extended beyond discussions related only to marine mammal-commercial fishery interactions. Although other sources of human-caused injuries were mentioned during the workshop, much of the 2007 workshop discussions focused on types of injuries commonly observed from encounters with vessels and fisheries (e.g., blunt force trauma, penetrating, hidden, and gear and hooking injuries) because these interactions have been examined to the greatest extent. The 2007 workshop consisted of two sessions: an open session (Days 1-3) attended by over 65 federal and non-federal participants, and a closed session (Day 4) attended by 36 federal participants. NMFS invited workshop participants based on their expertise in marine mammal serious injury issues, including marine mammal management, policy, marine mammal biology, pathobiology, and veterinary medicine. The primary purposes of Days 1-3 were to present a synthesis of new science and to gather new information on injured marine mammals. The information from Days 1-3 was also used to provide a scientific basis for recommendations by government officials in the closed session on Day 4. The primary purpose of the closed session (Day 4) was to draw on Days 1-3 presentations and discussions to consider potential changes to the existing serious injury guidance and associated administrative approaches. The topics addressed during Days 1-3 included: 1) Evaluation of current data and determination systems (in plenary and breakout sessions); 2) Overview of new information on survival of injured marine mammals (large cetaceans, small cetaceans, pinnipeds, and manatees); 3) Pathobiology of injuries; and 4) Breakout activities to address key questions on the topic of determining severity of injuries to marine mammals."--Executive summary.

Download or read book Differentiating Serious and Non serious Injury of Marine Mammals written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Differentiating Serious and Non serious Injury of Marine Mammals Taken Incidental to Commercial Fishing Operations written by Robyn P. Angliss and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Differentiating Serious and Non serious Injury of Marine Mammals Taken Incidential to Commercial Fishing Operations written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Serious Injury Determinations for Small Cetaceans Off the Southeast U S Coast 2014 written by Katherine Maze-Foley and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA) requires NOAA's National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) to distinguish between injuries to marine mammals that are serious and not serious. During 2012 NMFS issued a policy directive and procedural directives to establish a process for distinguishing serious from non-serious injuries (NMFS 2012a, b). This document summarizes serious injury determinations for small cetaceans in southeast U.S. waters during 2014. Data from various sources were assessed to compile this report. These sources include the NOAA National Marine Mammal Health and Stranding Response Database, the Marine Mammal Authorization Program (fisherman self-reports), incidental take reports (unauthorized research gear takes), fishery observer records (excluding the pelagic longline fishery), and opportunistic at-sea observations by NOAA and non-NOAA researchers, marine patrol, and private citizens. All instances in the data for which a small cetacean was released alive following a human-caused interaction, such as an entanglement in fishing gear or marine debris or a hooking, or observed alive at-sea entangled in fishing gear or debris, hooked, or boat struck, were evaluated"--Introduction and method. [doi:10.7289/V5/RD-PRBD-2016-07 (http://doi.org/10.7289/V5/RD-PRBD-2016-07)]

Download or read book Serious Injury Determinations for Small Cetaceans Off the Southeast U S Coast 2012 written by Katherine Maze-Foley and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA) requires NOAA's National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) to distinguish between injuries to marine mammals that are serious and not serious. During 2012 NMFS issued a policy directive and procedural directives to establish a process for distinguishing serious from non-serious injuries (NMFS 2012a, b). This document summarizes serious injury determinations for small cetaceans in southeast U.S. waters during 2012. Data from various sources were assessed to compile this report. These sources include the NOAA National Marine Mammal Health and Stranding Response Database, the Marine Mammal Authorization Program (fisherman self-reports), incidental take reports (unauthorized research gear takes), fishery observer records (excluding the pelagic longline fishery), and opportunistic at-sea observations by NOAA and non-NOAA researchers, marine patrol, and private citizens. All instances in the data for which a small cetacean was released alive following a human interaction, such as an entanglement in fishing gear or marine debris or a hooking, or observed alive at-sea entangled in fishing gear or debris, hooked, or boat struck, were evaluated"--Introduction and method. [doi:10.7289/V5/RD-PRBD-2016-05 (http://doi.org/10.7289/V5/RD-PRBD-2016-05)]

Download or read book Serious Injury Determinations for Small Cetaceans Off the Southeast U S Coast 2013 written by Katherine Maze-Foley and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA) requires NOAA's National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) to distinguish between injuries to marine mammals that are serious and not serious. During 2012 NMFS issued a policy directive and procedural directives to establish a process for distinguishing serious from non-serious injuries (NMFS 2012a, b). This document summarizes serious injury determinations for small cetaceans in southeast U.S. waters during 2013. The data included in this report came from various sources, including the NOAA National Marine Mammal Health and Stranding Response Database, incidental take reports (unauthorized research gear takes), fishery observer records (excluding the pelagic longline fishery), and opportunistic at-sea observations by NOAA and non-NOAA researchers, marine patrol, and private citizens. All instances in the data for which a small cetacean was released alive following a human interaction, such as an entanglement in fishing gear or marine debris or a hooking, or observed alive at-sea entangled in fishing gear or debris, hooked, or boat struck, were evaluated"--Introduction and method. [doi:10.7289/V5/RD-PRBD-2016-06 (http://doi.org/10.7289/V5/RD-PRBD-2016-06)]

Download or read book Injury Determinations for Marine Mammals Observed Interacting with Hawaii and American Samoa Longline Fisheries During 2010 2014 written by Amanda L. Bradford and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Marine mammal interactions (i.e., hookings and entanglements) with the Hawaii and American Samoa longline fisheries observed during 2010--2014 were compiled, and the number of marine mammal deaths, serious injuries, and non-serious injuries by fishery, species, and management area were assessed. These values form the basis of the mortality and serious injury estimates included in the stock assessment reports of stocks impacted by these fisheries. Injury determinations were made using a nationally standardized process and established criteria for distinguishing serious from non-serious injuries (National Marine Fisheries Service, 2012). In the Hawaii deep-set fishery, 46 marine mammal interactions were observed from 2010 to 2014; most involved false killer whales (54.3%), resulted in death or serious injury (78.3%), and occurred outside the U.S. exclusive economic zone (EEZ) (54.3%). In the Hawaii shallow-set fishery, 54 marine mammal interactions were observed from 2010 to 2014; most involved Risso's dolphins (37.0%), resulted in death or serious injury (72.2%), and occurred outside the U.S. EEZ (92.6%). In the American Samoa deep-set fishery, 14 marine mammal interactions were observed from 2010 to 2014; most involved rough-toothed dolphins (42.9%), resulted in death or serious injury (92.9%), and occurred within the U.S. EEZ (78.6%). [doi:10.7289/V5/TM-PIFSC-62 (https://dx.doi.org/10.7289/V5/TM-PIFSC-62)]

Download or read book Injury Determinations for Marine Mammals Observed Interacting with Hawaii and American Samoa Longline Fisheries During 2015 2016 written by Amanda L. Bradford and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Marine mammal interactions (i.e., hookings and entanglements) with the Hawaii and American Samoa longline fisheries observed during 2015-2016 were compiled, and the number of marine mammal deaths, serious injuries, and non-serious injuries by fishery, species, and management area were assessed. These values are used to compute the mortality and serious injury estimates included in the stock assessment reports of stocks impacted by these fisheries. Injury determinations were made using a nationally standardized process and established criteria for distinguishing serious from non-serious injuries (National Marine Fisheries Service, 2012). In the Hawaii deep-set fishery, 22 marine mammal interactions were observed from 2015 to 2016; most involved false killer whales (59.1%), resulted in death or serious injury (68.1%), and occurred outside the U.S. exclusive economic zone (EEZ) (81.8%). In the Hawaii shallow-set fishery, 18 marine mammal interactions were observed from 2015 to 2016; most involved Risso's dolphins (27.8%), resulted in death or serious injury (77.8%), and occurred outside the U.S. EEZ (100.0%). In the American Samoa deep-set fishery, 6 marine mammal interactions were observed from 2015 to 2016; most involved false killer whales (66.7%), resulted in death or serious injury (83.3%), and occurred within the U.S. EEZ (100.0%).

Download or read book Injury Determinations for Marine Mammals Observed Interacting with Hawaii and American Samoa Longline Fisheries During 2009 2013 written by Amanda L. Bradford and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Marine mammal interactions (i.e., hookings and entanglements) with the Hawaii and American Samoa longline fisheries observed during 2009-2013 were compiled, and the number of marine mammal deaths, serious injuries, and non-serious injuries by fishery, species, and management area were assessed. These values form the basis of the mortality and serious injury estimates included in the stock assessment reports of stocks impacted by these fisheries. Injury determinations were made using a nationally standardized process and established criteria for distinguishing serious from non-serious injuries (National Marine Fisheries Service, 2012). In the Hawaii deep-set fishery, 45 marine mammal interactions were observed from 2009 to 2013; most involved false killer whales (53.3%), resulted in death or serious injury (75.6%), and occurred outside the U.S. exclusive economic zone (EEZ) (55.6%). In the Hawaii shallow-set fishery, 43 marine mammal interactions were observed from 2009 to 2013; most involved Risso’s dolphins (39.5%), resulted in death or serious injury (69.8%), and occurred outside the U.S. EEZ (90.7%). In the American Samoa deep-set fishery, 13 marine mammal interactions were observed from 2009 to 2013; most involved rough-toothed dolphins (46.2%), resulted in death or serious injury (92.3%), and occurred within the U.S. EEZ (76.9%). [doi:10.7289/V5WH2N1D (http://dx.doi.org/10.7289/V5WH2N1D)]

Download or read book Serious Injury Determinations for Small Cetaceans Off the Southeast U S Coast 2007 2011 written by Katherine Maze-Foley and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA) requires NOAA's National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) to distinguish between injuries to marine mammals that are serious and not serious. During 2012 NMFS issued a policy directive and procedural directives to establish a process for distinguishing serious from non-serious injuries (NMFS 2012a, b). This document summarizes serious injury determinations for small cetaceans in southeast U.S. waters for the 5-year period 2007-2011. The data included in this report came from various sources, including the NOAA National Marine Mammal Health and Stranding Response Database, the Marine Mammal Authorization Program (fisherman self-reports), incidental take reports (unauthorized research gear takes), fishery observer records (excluding the pelagic longline fishery), and opportunistic at-sea observations by NOAA and non-NOAA researchers, marine patrol, and private citizens. All instances in the data for which a small cetacean was released alive following a human interaction, such as an entanglement in fishing gear or marine debris or a hooking, or observed alive at-sea entangled in fishing gear or debris, hooked, or boat struck, were evaluated"--Introduction and method. [doi:10.7289/V5/RD-PRBD-2016-04 (http://doi.org/10.7289/V5/RD-PRBD-2016-04)]

Download or read book Serious Injury Determinations for Small Cetaceans and Pinnipeds Caught in Commercial Fisheries Off the Northeast U S Coast 2007 2011 written by Gordon T. Waring and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA) requires the National Marine Fisheries Service NMFS to estimate annual levels of human-caused mortality and serious injury to marine mammal stocks (section 117) and to categorize commercial fisheries based on their level of incidental mortality and serious injury of marine mammals (section 118). Serious injury (SI) determinations were addressed at NMFS - convened workshops in 1997 and 2007 (Angliss and DeMaster 1998; Andersen et al. 2008), and in January 2012 the agency published new national guidelines for distinguishing serious from nonserious injuries of marine mammals (http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/pdfs/serious_injury_procedure.pdf ). A major goal of the new guidelines was to establish national consistency and transparency in SI determinations. To implement the new guidelines, Science Center SI determination staff (SID) were required to review the 5-year (2007 - 2011) observer (OBS) and at sea monitor (ASM) records on all incidentally caught marine mammals that were released alive. Observer comments on the condition of released animals were compared by taxonomic group (e.g., large whales, small cetaceans, and pinnipeds) to specific injury categories described in the procedure manual. Based on these reviews, each animal was assigned an injury determination. Once completed, the SI determination table was independently reviewed by another center's SID (e.g., Northeast Fisheries Science Center [NEFSC] determinations were sent to Southwest Fisheries Science Center [SWFSC]), and differences are subsequently revisited. The revised determinations were subsequently reviewed by regional Scientific Review Groups (SRG) at their annual meeting, and final determinations are published"--Introduction.

Download or read book Serious Injury Determinations for Small Cetaceans and Pinnipeds Caught in Commercial Fisheries Off the Northeast US Coast 2011 2015 written by Elizabeth Josephson and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA) requires the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) to estimate annual levels of human-caused mortality and serious injury to marine mammal stocks (section 117) and to categorize commercial fisheries based on their level of incidental mortality and serious injury of marine mammals (section 118). Serious injury (SI) determinations were addressed at NMFS-convened workshops in 1997 and 2007 (Angliss and DeMaster 1998; Andersen et al. 2008), and in January 2012 the agency published new national guidelines for distinguishing serious from nonserious injuries of marine mammals (http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/pdfs/serious_injury_procedure.pdf). A major goal of the new guidelines was to establish national consistency and transparency in SI determinations. To implement the new guidelines, Science Center SI determination staff (SID) are required to annually review the observer (OBS) and at-sea monitor (ASM) records on all incidentally caught marine mammals that were released alive. Determinations made on these fishery interactions are independently reviewed by another center’s SID (e.g., Northeast Fisheries Science Center [NEFSC] determinations were sent to Southwest Fisheries Science Center [SWFSC]), the Greater Atlantic Regional Fisheries Office (GARFO), and the Atlantic Scientific Review Group (ASRG) before final determinations are published"--Introduction.

Download or read book Serious Injury Determinations for Small Cetaceans and Pinnipeds Caught in Commercial Fisheries Off the Northeast US Coast 2013 written by Frederick W. Wenzel and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA) requires the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) to estimate annual levels of human-caused mortality and serious injury to marine mammal stocks (section 117) and to categorize commercial fisheries based on their level of incidental mortality and serious injury of marine mammals (section 118). Serious injury (SI) determination guidelines were developed at NMFS-convened workshops in 1997 and 2007 (Angliss and DeMaster 1998; Andersen et al. 2008) and in January 2012 the agency published new national guidelines for distinguishing serious from nonserious injuries of marine mammals (NMFS 2012). A serious injury is defined as an injury that is more likely than not to result in mortality. A major goal of the new guidelines was to establish national consistency and transparency in SI determinations. To implement the new guidelines, science center SI determination (SID) staff from each region review all documented marine mammal injury events on an annual basis. For this document, fisheries observer (OBS) and at-sea monitor (ASM) records are reviewed for incidentally-caught animals that were released/observed alive. Observer comments on the condition of released animals and any associated photographs are compared to specific injury categories described in the new guidelines' procedure manual and each event is assigned an injury determination. Once completed, the Northeast Fisheries Science Center (NEFSC) SI small cetacean and pinniped determination table is independently reviewed by the Southwest Fisheries Science Center's (SWFSC) SID staff, the Greater Atlantic Regional Fisheries Office (GARFO), and the Atlantic Scientific Review Group (SRG) before the SI determinations were finalized. This manuscript documents the SI determinations from the 2013 records"--Introduction. [doi:10.7289/V5HX19P4 (http://dx.doi.org/10.7289/V5HX19P4)]

Download or read book Serious Injury Determinations for Small Cetaceans and Pinnipeds Caught in Commercial Fisheries Off the Northeast US Coast 2014 written by Frederick W. Wenzel and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA) requires the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) to estimate annual levels of human-caused mortality and serious injury to marine mammal stocks (section 117) and to categorize commercial fisheries based on their level of incidental mortality and serious injury of marine mammals (section 118). A serious injury is defined as an injury that is more likely than not to result in mortality. Serious injury (SI) determinations were addressed at NMFS-convened workshops in 1997 and 2007 (Angliss and DeMaster 1998; Andersen et al. 2008), and in January 2012 the agency published new national guidelines for distinguishing serious from nonserious injuries of marine mammals (http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/pdfs/serious_injury_procedure.pdf). A major goal of the new guidelines were to establish national consistency and transparency in SI determinations. To implement the new guidelines, Science Center SI determination (SID) staff from each region review all documented marine mammal injury events on an annual basis. For the initial year of implementation, the records for 2007-2011 were evaluated (Waring et al. 2014; Cole and Henry 2013). For small cetaceans and pinniped injury determinations in the Northeast Region, fisheries observer (OBS) and At Sea Monitor (ASM) records were reviewed for incidentally-caught animals that were released alive. Observer comments on the condition of released animals and any associated photographs were compared to specific injury categories described in the new guidelines procedure manual, and each event was assigned an injury determination. Once completed, the Northeast Fisheries Science Center (NEFSC) SI small cetacean and pinniped determination table was independently reviewed by the Southwest Fisheries Science Center’s (SWFSC) SID staff, the Greater Atlantic Regional Fisheries Office (GARFO), and the Atlantic Scientific Review Group (SRG) before the SI determinations were finalized"--Introduction. [doi:10.7289/V5F18WSK(http://doi.org/10.7289/V5F18WSK)]

Download or read book Dispute Settlement Reports 2019 Volume 3 Pages 1099 to 1744 written by World Trade Organization and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-04-22 with total page 652 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These are the WTO's authorized and paginated reports in English. They are an essential addition to the library of all practising trade lawyers and a useful tool for students and academics worldwide working in the field of international economic or trade law. DSR 2019: Volume III contains the panel and Appellate Body reports on 'United States - Measures Concerning the Importation, Marketing and Sale of Tuna and Tuna Products (WT/DS381), Recourse to Article 21.5 of the DSU by the United States', 'Second Recourse to Article 21.5 of the DSU by Mexico'.