Download or read book Differential Effects of Divided Attention on Object Representations written by Jillian C. Mayer and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Numerous theories have been developed in explanation of object perception, such as Feature Integration Theory, which posits that an object is perceived after two stages: a pre-attentive stage and a focused attention stage. It is during the focused attention stage that a representation of the perceived object is formed. Theories such as Object File Theory account for the maintenance of these object representations following their creation. Evidence for object file theory has been provided by studies of the object specific preview benefit. This dissertation seeks to examine the effect that dividing attention has on the maintenance of object representations. Using the tenets of object file theory and the cortical field hypothesis for dual task interference, it is hypothesized that differential effects can be found in the creation and maintenance of object representations. Specifically, by presenting participants with two simultaneous tasks which make use of overlapping cortical areas the object representation initially formed will be lost, resulting in the loss of the object specific preview benefit. In contrast, presenting participants with two simultaneous tasks which are associated with spatially separate, or non-overlapping, cortical regions will not result in the loss of the object specific preview benefit.

Download or read book The Effect of Divided Attention on Multiple Object Tracking Performance written by Deana Vitrano and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Object based Attention written by Zachary Raymond Ernst and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 91 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Selective attention improves information processing for a subset of relevant information, usually at the expense of irrelevant information. Visual information can be selected on the basis of a particular spatial location, feature, or object. Selective attention has been shown to modulate the response of sensory neurons encoding the selected feature. Feature- and object-based attention make competing prediction when an observer is asked to attend to a single feature within an object. Feature-based attention predicts that only the task-relevant feature will be selected, and thus the neural response to the task-irrelevant features will be suppressed. Object-based attention predicts that all of the object's features will be selected, and thus attentional modulation will spread to the task-irrelevant. Using a transparent motion stimulus composed of two overlapping dot fields with unique color-motion conjunctions, we measured the independent responses to each surface-features with fMRI. Attention modulated the response to both surface features consistent with object-based selection. Our fMRI result led to the following prediction: if all features of a relevant object are selected, then it should be easier to divided attention across features within an object versus between two objects. Using a dual-task paradigm, we found no perceptual cost to dividing attention within a surface but a large perceptual cost to dividing attention between surfaces. Surprisingly, when attention was divided between surfaces, subjects became more susceptible to distractors in the other surface. Together, these results suggest that object-based attention selects all features of a relevant object, which makes it difficult to filter distractors when dividing attention across multiple objects.

Download or read book Effects of Divided Attention for Space and Features written by James Kit Moreland and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To cope with the multitude of stimuli in the world, our visual system selectively attends to the pertinent locations or features in our environment, and while not all available information is relevant, it is common at a given moment for there to be more than a single element of interest. What are the behavioral and neural consequences in these cases of divided attention? The experiments described in this dissertation combine careful progressions of psychophysical tasks and fMRI to examine three broad questions (1) Is there always a cost to performance in divided attention tasks? (2) What are the cognitive processes that are limited under conditions of divided attention? 3) How does dividing attention across features at different spatial locations affect neural responses in visual cortex as measured by fMRI?

Download or read book The Effect of Dividing Attention on the Maintenance of Object Representations written by Jillian C. Mayer and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Numerous theories have been developed in explanation of object perception, such as Feature Integration Theory, which posits that an object is perceived after two stages: a pre-attentive stage and a focused attention stage. It is during the focused attention stage that a representation of the perceived object is formed. Theories such as object file theory account for the maintenance of these object representations following their creation. Evidence for object file theory has been provided by studies of the object specific preview benefit. This thesis seeks to examine the effect that dividing attention has on the maintenance of object representations. Using the tenets of object file theory and the cortical field hypothesis for dual task interference, it is hypothesized that by presenting participants with two simultaneous tasks which make use of overlapping cortical areas the object representation initially formed will be lost resulting in the loss of the object specific preview benefit. Whereas presenting participants with two simultaneous tasks which are associated with spatially separate, or non-overlapping, cortical regions will not result in the loss of the object specific preview benefit.

Download or read book Visual Attention and Consciousness written by Jay Friedenberg and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2013 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an ambitious, interdisciplinary survey of the empirical literature on many different aspects of visual attention and consciousness. It may be used as a primary or ancillary text for graduate courses in perception, vision, consciousness or philosophy of mind.

Download or read book Advances in Cognitive Neurodynamics written by Rubin Wang and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-09-15 with total page 991 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fifty years ago, enthused by successes in creating digital computers and the DNA model of heredity, scientists were con?dent that solutions to the problems of und- standing biological intelligence and creating machine intelligence were within their grasp. Progress at ?rst seemed rapid. Giant ‘brains’ that ?lled air-conditioned rooms were shrunk into briefcases. The speed of computation doubled every two years. What these advances revealed is not the solutions but the dif?culties of the pr- lems. We are like the geographers who ‘discovered’ America, not as a collection of islands but as continents seen only at shores and demanding exploration. We are astounded less by the magnitude of our discoveries about how brains cogitate than by the enormity of the tasks we have undertaken, to explain and replicate the higher functions of brains. Five decades of brain research have led to the emergence of a new ?eld, which spans the entire range of brain cognition from quantum ?elds to social interactions, and which is combined by the conceptions of nonlinear neurodynamics operating simultaneously at and across all levels. A new breed of scientists has emerged, schooled in multiple academic disciplines, comfortable in working with data from different levels, and conversant with the mathematical tools that are essential to cross boundaries.

Download or read book Attention and consciousness in different senses written by Naotsugu Tsuchiya and published by Frontiers E-books. This book was released on 2013-06-03 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although often used in everyday speech and in the scholarly literature, “selective attention” and “consciousness” lack clear, undisputed definitions. Partly because of this deficit there exists a lively debate on the relationship between the two. Nevertheless, attention has been studied scientifically for a long time, because a variety of tasks allow researchers to control several of its aspects (e.g. focused and feature-based attention). Consciousness as a scientific subject of study has emerged more recently, but is now rapidly gaining traction. Scientific studies of consciousness concern the state or level of consciousness (e.g., awake as opposed to in coma, dreamless sleep or under anaesthesia) as well as the contents of consciousness or the phenomenology of perception. With the increase in consciousness-focused research, there is a concomitant surge in research examining the relationship between attention and consciousness. This relationship between attention and consciousness is the topic of this Research Topic. Contributions related to or focused solely on attention or on consciousness will not be considered. It had long been assumed that attention and consciousness are inextricably intertwined: two sides of the same coin. However, recently substantial evidence has emerged that attention and consciousness are interacting, but separable processes. It is however debated how tight the interactions are, and what the exact nature of the relationship is. Therefore, we invite researchers from different “camps” to provide opinionated but balanced literature reviews. Different groups will interpret the same data in different ways. We feel that combining these views in one Research Topic is immensely valuable to researchers from different fields. Apart from reviews we also invite potential contributors to provide new and exciting evidence in the form of original contributions that may support any of the different views. Even though attention and consciousness are critical aspects of many different cognitive processes, they are mainly studied (though not exclusively) in the domain of visual perception. In other sensory modalities, e.g. olfaction or audition, it is currently not clear whether distinctions between attention and consciousness exist, which is even more true for other cognitive processes such as memory. Therefore, we specifically invite contributions covering the auditory, somatosensory, olfactory, and memory domain. We ask all contributors to provide discussions on the relationship between attention and consciousness, and focus on (1) the influence of attention on sensory processing; (2) the formation of conscious perception, (3) the evidence for unconscious processing and its modulation by attention; (4) potential indications for dissociations between attention and consciousness (e.g. does paying attention to a stimulus decrease performance on e.g. a discrimination task?); (5) neuroimaging and neurophysiology data pertaining to these questions. Often, one is caught in one’s own research field and lacks the time or the knowledge to delve into another field. This Research Topic should provide a great overview in great breadth of the current state of knowledge on the links between attention and consciousness, and their interactions, in several different sensory modalities.

Download or read book The Differential Effects of Word and Object Stimuli on the Learning of Paired Associates written by Ellis G. Olim and published by . This book was released on 1960 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book From Perception to Consciousness written by Jeremy Wolfe and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2012-05-24 with total page 439 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume includes seminal articles published throughout Anne Treisman's scientific career, which are accompanied by chapters from key figures in the field today. These demonstrate the breadth and depth of her influence on research and theory from psychology to vision and auditory sciences.

Download or read book The Border Between Seeing and Thinking written by Ned Block and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2023-02-16 with total page 561 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "What is the difference between seeing and thinking? Is the border between seeing and thinking a joint in nature in the sense of a fundamental explanatory difference? Is it a difference of degree? Does thinking affect seeing, i.e. is seeing "cognitively penetrable"? Are we aware of faces, causation, numerosity and other "high-level" properties or only of the colors, shapes and textures that-according to the advocate of high level perception--are the basis on which we see them? Is perception conceptual and propositional? Is perception iconic or more akin to language in being discursive? Is seeing singular? Which is more fundamental, visual attribution or visual discrimination? Is all seeing seeing-as? What is the difference between the format and content of perception and do perception and cognition have different formats? Is perception probabilistic and if so, why are we not normally aware of this probabilistic nature of perception? Are the basic features of mind known as "core cognition" a third category in between perception and cognition? Are there perceptual categories that are not concepts? Where does consciousness fit in with regard to the difference between seeing and thinking? Do the lessons from seeing apply to other senses? These are the questions I will be exploring in this book. I will be exploring them not mainly by appeals to "intuitions" as is common in philosophy of perception but by appeal to empirical evidence, including experiments in neuroscience and psychology"--

Download or read book Stratification in Cognition and Consciousness written by Bradford H. Challis and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 1999-01-01 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The notion of stratification has played an important role in linguistics and evolutionary studies for some time, but its role in cognitive science has not yet been well articulated and identified. What is meant by stratification? What is the role and value of stratification in the contemporary study of cognition and consciousness? This collective volume speaks to these questions. The twelve articles in the book cover a range of relevant issues including (a) the vertical dimension and modularity of visual processing, search and attention, (b) the stratification of encoding and retrieval processes in memory, (c) the hierarchical nature of conscious and unconscious components of memory, and (d) the levels of awareness and varieties of conscious experience. The volume presents stimulating and self-contained articles for researchers and students of experimental psychology and neuroscience, and is suitable for an advanced university course. (Series B)

Download or read book Processing Inaccurate Information written by David N. Rapp and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2023-04-04 with total page 479 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interdisciplinary approaches to identifying, understanding, and remediating people's reliance on inaccurate information that they should know to be wrong. Our lives revolve around the acquisition of information. Sometimes the information we acquire—from other people, from books, or from the media—is wrong. Studies show that people rely on such misinformation, sometimes even when they are aware that the information is inaccurate or invalid. And yet investigations of learning and knowledge acquisition largely ignore encounters with this sort of problematic material. This volume fills the gap, offering theoretical and empirical perspectives on the processing of misinformation and its consequences. The contributors, from cognitive science and education science, provide analyses that represent a variety of methodologies, theoretical orientations, and fields of expertise. The chapters describe the behavioral consequences of relying on misinformation and outline possible remediations; discuss the cognitive activities that underlie encounters with inaccuracies, investigating why reliance occurs so readily; present theoretical and philosophical considerations of the nature of inaccuracies; and offer formal, empirically driven frameworks that detail when and how inaccuracies will lead to comprehension difficulties. Contributors Peter Afflerbach, Patricia A. Alexander, Jessica J. Andrews, Peter Baggetta, Jason L. G. Braasch, Ivar Bråten, M. Anne Britt, Rainer Bromme, Luke A. Buckland, Clark A. Chinn, Byeong-Young Cho, Sidney K. D'Mello, Andrea A. diSessa, Ullrich K. H. Ecker, Arthur C. Graesser, Douglas J. Hacker, Brenda Hannon, Xiangen Hu, Maj-Britt Isberner, Koto Ishiwa, Matthew E. Jacovina, Panayiota Kendeou, Jong-Yun Kim, Stephan Lewandowsky, Elizabeth J. Marsh, Ruth Mayo, Keith K. Millis, Edward J. O'Brien, Herre van Oostendorp, José Otero, David N. Rapp, Tobias Richter, Ronald W. Rinehart, Yaacov Schul, Colleen M. Seifert, Marc Stadtler, Brent Steffens, Helge I. Strømsø, Briony Swire, Sharda Umanath

Download or read book Effects of Divided Attention on Pattern Discrimination with Real and Subjective Contour Figures written by Walter S. Pritchard and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 790 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Objects and Attention written by Brian J. Scholl and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2002 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An overview of object-based models of attention.

Download or read book The Attentive Brain written by Raja Parasuraman and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2000 with total page 622 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Of the myriad tasks that the brain has to perform, perhaps none is as crucial to the performance of other tasks as attention. A central thesis of this book on the cognitive neuroscience of attention is that attention is not a single entity, but a finite set of brain processes that interact mutually and with other brain processes in the performance of perceptual, cognitive, and motor skills.After an introductory part I, the book consists of three parts. Part II, Methods, describes the major neuroscience methods, including techniques used only with animals (anatomical tract tracing, single-unit electrophysiology, neurochemical manipulations), noninvasive human brain-imaging techniques (ERPs, positron emission tomography, and functional magnetic resonance imaging), and studies with brain-damaged individuals. This part also includes a chapter on the computational modeling of attention. Part III, Varieties of Attention, looks at three major components of attention from the cognitive neuroscience perspective: selection, vigilance, and control. It also discusses links to memory and language. Finally, part IV, Development and Pathologies, discusses the application of findings from the previous sections to the analysis of normal and abnormal development and to pathologies of attention such as schizophrenia and attention deficit disorders. Contributors Edward Awh, Gordon C. Baylis, Jochen Braun, Dennis Cantwell, Vincent P. Clark, Maurizio Corbetta, Susan M. Courtney, Francis Crinella, Matthew C. Davidson, Gregory J. DiGirolamo, Jon Driver, Jane Emerson, Pauline Filipek, Ira Fischler, Massimo Girelli, Pamela M. Greenwood, James V. Haxby, Mark H. Johnson, John Jonides, Julian S. Joseph, Robert T. Knight, Christof Koch, Steven J. Luck, Richard T. Marrocco, Brad C. Motter, Ken Nakayama, Orhan Nalcioglu, Paul G. Nestor, Ernst Niebur, Brian F. O'Donnell, Raja Parasuraman, Michael I. Posner, Robert D. Rafal, Trevor W. Robbins, Lynn C. Robertson, Judi E. See, James Swanson, Diane Swick, Don Tucker, Leslie G. Ungerleider, Joel S. Warm, Maree J. Webster, Sharon Wigal