Download or read book Differential Dose Albedos for Calculation of Gamma ray Reflection from Concrete written by M. B. Wells and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 55 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Differential dose albedos for gamma ray reflection from concrete were derived from Monte Carlo calculations of gamma ray scattering in air and concrete for source energies of 0.6, 1, 2, 4, and 7 Mev. Curves showing the albedo for reflection in the plane of incidence are presented for angles of incidence of *c = 0DG, 30DG, 45DG, 60DG, and 75DG. At incident energies greater than 2 Mev the computed dose albedos are smaller than those reported by Raso (also based on Monte Carlo) and those given by the Chilton-Huddleston formula. However, comparisons with experimental data for Cs-137 and Co-60 gamma rays reported by Jones, Schofield, Haggmark, and Gurney of USNRDL, C. E. Clifford of DRCL, and Barrett and Waldman of Technical Operations, Inc., indicate that the calculated albedos for these sources agree as well with the experimental data as do calculations based either on the Chilton-Huddleston formula or Raso's Monte Carlo calculations.

Download or read book A Semiempirical Formula for Differential Dose Albedo for Gamma Rays on Concrete written by A. B. Chilton and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A semiempirical formula is developed which yields values for the differential dose albedo of gamma rays on concrete. Gamma rays of incident energies 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, and 10.0 Mev are considered. Results of the formula are compared with values derived from Monte Carlo calculations for the backscattering of gamma rays from a semi-infinite slab of concrete. Results show that a two-parameter formula gives satisfactory agreement with the Monte Carlo calculations. The principal assumption involved in the theoretical analysis is that the actual reflection process can be approximated by two terms, one involving a single Compton scattering event, and the other involving isotropic scattering. (Author).

Download or read book Some Applications of a Semiempirical Formula for Differential Dose Albedo for Gamma Rays on Concrete written by W. C. Ingold and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This theoretical study illustrates the usefulness and versatility of a semiempirical formula through its application to three specific problems: 1. In generating a table of albedo values for various combinations of angles of scatter. 2. In a study of first reflection contribution to dose rate in a round duct compared to that in a square duct. 3. In the development of a relatively simple and unsophisticated program for multiple scatter contributions.

Download or read book Differential Neutron and Secondary Gamma ray Albedos for Steel covered Concrete Slabs Volume I Description of Calculations and Comparisons with Other Data written by M. B. Wells and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Calculations were performed with the two-dimensional Sn procedure DOT to determine the distribution in energy and angle of the neutrons and secondary gamma rays reflected from steel-covered concrete slabs for 27 incident neutron energy intervals ranging from 14.918 MeV to 2.53 x 10 to the -8th power MeV and for 5 incident directions. The doubly-differential neutron current albedo was computed for 30 emergent directions and for each of the 27 energy intervals lying between and including the incident energy interval and 2.53 x 10 to the -8th power MeV. The secondary gamma-ray doubly-differential current albedo was computed for the same parameters as those used to define the neutron albedo except that 13 energy intervals between 10.0 MeV and 0.01 MeV were used to define the reflected secondary gamma-ray energy distribution. The neutron and secondary gamma-ray double-differential current albedos were converted to number albedos, differential current-and flux-dose albedos, and current-and flux-dose albedos. These data are compared with albedo data reported by other investigators for iron slabs and concrete slabs. (Author).

Download or read book GAMMA RAY REFLECTION FACTORS FROM CONCRETE written by and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By means of the differential dose albedo formula, the field from a point source of gamma radiation near a concrete-air interface is mapped for those conditions in which the distances involved are larger than a meanfree-path in concrete but substantially smaller than a mean-free-path in air. Once the parameters for the albedo formula are selected, the computation of reflection factors can be carried out to any desired degree of accuracy. Computational errors are kept to substantially less than 5% of the resulting output values. (C.E.S.).

Download or read book An Empirical Formula for Calculating Gamma ray Dose Attenuation in Concrete Ducts written by W. C. Ingold and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Nuclear Science Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 1256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 1492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Radiation Shielding written by William R. Kimel and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 896 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This set of volumes was prepared in connection with the 1962, 1963, and 1965 Kansas State University-Office of Civil Defense, Summer Institutes on Fundamental Radiation Shielding Problems as applied to Nuclear Defense Planning.

Download or read book Experimental Determination of the Gamma ray Angular Dose Albedos of Concrete Aluminum and Steel written by W. J. Gurney and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The angular distribution of dose albedo was measured for "semi-infinite" concrete, aluminum and steel slabs irradiated by plane-parallel beams of Co-60 and Cs-137 gamma photons. The photons were incident on the slabs at angles, measured from a normal to the slab, of arccos 1.00, 0.75 and 0.50. For the necessary sensitivity, the reflected dose rate was measured by a digital dosimetry system using a plastic scintillator as the detector. An empirical formula for angular dose albedo was derived from the experimental data. Comparisons are made with the Monte Carlo calculations of D. J. Raso and the experimental results of C. E. Clifford (DRCL).

Download or read book TR written by United States. Office of Civil Defense and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 912 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Technical Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Bibliography Subject Index and Author Index of the Literature Examined by the Radiation Shielding Information Center written by S. K. Penny and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Mathematical Approach to Economy of Experiment in Determinations of the Differential Dose Albedo of Gamma Rays written by C. M. Huddleston and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Treatments of the differential dose albedo of gamma rays on concrete have supposed that the albedo value is a function of: the energy of the incident gamma radiation, the polar angle of incidence, the polar angle of reflection (or scatter), and the azimuthal angle of reflection. It is demonstrated here that, if certain reasonable assumptions are made regarding the mechanism of reflection, it is not necessary to investigate variations in albedo with azimuthal angle or reflection. Once differential dose albedo has been determined for a complete set of incident and reflected polar angles with zero azimuth, albedo at any azimuth can be derived by a suitable transformation.

Download or read book Radiation Shielding written by United States. Office of Civil Defense and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 914 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Government Reports Announcements written by and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 1084 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Shielding Against Gamma Rays Neutrons and Electrons from Nuclear Weapons written by John Howard Hubbell and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: