Download or read book Paper Machines written by Markus Krajewski and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2011-08-19 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why the card catalog—a “paper machine” with rearrangeable elements—can be regarded as a precursor of the computer. Today on almost every desk in every office sits a computer. Eighty years ago, desktops were equipped with a nonelectronic data processing machine: a card file. In Paper Machines, Markus Krajewski traces the evolution of this proto-computer of rearrangeable parts (file cards) that became ubiquitous in offices between the world wars. The story begins with Konrad Gessner, a sixteenth-century Swiss polymath who described a new method of processing data: to cut up a sheet of handwritten notes into slips of paper, with one fact or topic per slip, and arrange as desired. In the late eighteenth century, the card catalog became the librarian's answer to the threat of information overload. Then, at the turn of the twentieth century, business adopted the technology of the card catalog as a bookkeeping tool. Krajewski explores this conceptual development and casts the card file as a “universal paper machine” that accomplishes the basic operations of Turing's universal discrete machine: storing, processing, and transferring data. In telling his story, Krajewski takes the reader on a number of illuminating detours, telling us, for example, that the card catalog and the numbered street address emerged at the same time in the same city (Vienna), and that Harvard University's home-grown cataloging system grew out of a librarian's laziness; and that Melvil Dewey (originator of the Dewey Decimal System) helped bring about the technology transfer of card files to business.

Download or read book The Shadow Disappears in the Sun written by Barbara Frischmuth and published by Ariadne Press (CA). This book was released on 1998 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The work's anonymous protagonist has left her native Vienna and is living in exotic Istanbul, where she resides with Turkish friends while she attempts to better understand the city's present-day culture. Although she speaks rather fluent Turkish, has conducted extensive research on the cultural history of her adopted country, she discovers that she is not completely accepted by her hosts or their society. Despite this seeming failure, the narrator returns to her native city richer for the attempt at cultural integration, and more secure in her self-identity. She has now moved from the shadow of romantic idealism to a more realistic realm, one illuminated by the light of reason and realism.

Download or read book Elwyn Simons A Search for Origins written by John G Fleagle and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-12-03 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For nearly a half century, Dr. Simons has dominated the study of primate evolution. This volume summarizes the current state of knowledge in many aspects of primate and human evolution that have been studied by Simons and his colleagues and place it in a broader paleontological and historical perspective. The book contains the results of new research as well as reviews of many of the critical issues in primate and human evolution during the last half of the twentieth century.

Download or read book Principles of Decoration in the Roman World written by Annette Haug and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2021-04-19 with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the manner in which architectural settings and action contexts influenced the perception of decoration in the Roman world. Crucial to the relationship between ancient viewers and media was the concept of decor, a term employed by Vitruvius and other Roman authors to describe the appropriateness of particular decorative elements to the environment in which they were located. The papers in this volume examine a diverse range of decorated spaces, from press rooms to synagogues, through the lens of decor. In doing so, they shed new light on the decorative principles employed across Roman Italy and beyond.

Download or read book The Foundations of Economics written by Walter Eucken and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: THE FIRST GERMAN edition of this book appeared in 1940. Since then the book has gone through five more editions and has been translated into Spanish and Italian. The present English translation is based on the sixth German edition. The author was Professor of Economics at the University of Freiburg, Germany. Professor Eucken was a student at a time when the Historical School dominated the teaching of econo mics at the German universities. Although, at the beginning of his career, he did some work along the lines of the Historical School, neither the ~ims nor the methods of historical research the field of economics as practised by the representatives in of the Historical School satisfied him; and the fact that the members of this school were unable to explain the causes of economic events such as the German inflation after World War I was an added reason for him to turn to economic theory. He became, among German economists, the foremost opponent of the Historical School, which he criticised in several publica tions. Through his wrItings and his teaching he contributed his share to the revival of interest in economic theory which was noticeable in the 'twenties. And he was one of the few economists left in Germany who helped to keep this interest alive during the 'thirties and during World War II. During this time he published Kapitaltheoretische Untersuchungen (1936), and the present volume, which immediately gave rise to an extensive discussion in German economic journals.

Download or read book Visualizing Coregency written by Lisa Saladino Haney and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2020-03-31 with total page 778 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Visualizing Coregency, Lisa Saladino Haney presents both a comprehensive accounting of the evidence for coregency during Egypt’s 12th Dynasty and a detailed analysis of the full corpus of royal statuary attributed to Senwosret III and Amenemhet III.

Download or read book Painting on Light written by Barbara Butts and published by Getty Publications. This book was released on 2001-03-01 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The names Albrecht Dürer and Hans Holbein the Younger evoke the dazzling accomplishments of Renaissance panel painting and printmaking, but they may not summon images of stained glass. Nevertheless, Dürer, Holbein, and their southern German and Swiss contemporaries designed some of the most splendid works in the history of the medium. This lavish volume is a comprehensive survey of the contribution to stained glass made by these extraordinarily gifted draftsmen and the equally talented glass painters who rendered their compositions in glass. Included are discussions of both monumental church windows and smaller-scale stained-glass panels made for cloisters, civic buildings, residences, and private chapels. The subjects of these rarely seen drawings and panels range from religious topics to secular themes, including love, planets, hunts, and battles. Focusing on stained glass produced in Germany and Switzerland from about 1495 to 1530, Painting on Light includes drawings by Dürer, Holbein, Albrecht Altdorfer, Hans Baldung Grien, Jörg Breu the Elder, Hans Burgkmair, Urs Graf, Hans von Kulmbach, Hans Leu the Younger, Niklaus Manuel Deutsch, Hans Schäufelein, Hans Weiditz, and others. This informative book is published in conjunction with an exhibition at the Getty Museum from July 11 through September 24, 2000, and from November 7, 2000, to January 4, 2001, at the Saint Louis Art Museum.

Download or read book Handbook of Brewing written by William Hardwick and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1994-11-15 with total page 734 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offers detailed studies of beer and its production as well as its commercial and economic aspects. All beverages worldwide which are beer-like in character and alcoholic content are reviewed. The book delineates over 900 chemical compounds that have been identified in beers, pinpoints their sources, gives concentration ranges, and examines their influence on beer quality. This work is intended for brewing, cereal and food chemists and biochemists; composition, nutrition, biochemical, food and quality assurance and control engineers; nutritionists; food biologists and technologists; microbiologists; toxicologists; and upper level undergraduate and continuing-education students in these disciplines.

Download or read book Jews and the Making of Modern German Theatre written by Jeanette R. Malkin and published by University of Iowa Press. This book was released on 2010-04-15 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While it is common knowledge that Jews were prominent in literature, music, cinema, and science in pre-1933 Germany, the fascinating story of Jewish co-creation of modern German theatre is less often discussed. Yet for a brief time, during the Second Reich and the Weimar Republic, Jewish artists and intellectuals moved away from a segregated Jewish theatre to work within canonic German theatre and performance venues, claiming the right to be part of the very fabric of German culture. Their involvement, especially in the theatre capital of Berlin, was of a major magnitude both numerically and in terms of power and influence. The essays in this stimulating collection etch onto the conventional view of modern German theatre the history and conflicts of its Jewish participants in the last third of the nineteenth and first third of the twentieth centuries and illuminate the influence of Jewish ethnicity in the creation of the modernist German theatre. The nontraditional forms and themes known as modernism date roughly from German unification in 1871 to the end of the Weimar Republic in 1933. This is also the period when Jews acquired full legal and trade equality, which enabled their ownership and directorship of theatre and performance venues. The extraordinary artistic innovations that Germans and Jews co-created during the relatively short period of this era of creativity reached across the old assumptions, traditions, and prejudices that had separated people as the modern arts sought to reformulate human relations from the foundations to the pinnacles of society. The essayists, writing from a variety of perspectives, carve out historical overviews of the role of theatre in the constitution of Jewish identity in Germany, the position of Jewish theatre artists in the cultural vortex of imperial Berlin, the role played by theatre in German Jewish cultural education, and the impact of Yiddish theatre on German and Austrian Jews and on German theatre. They view German Jewish theatre activity through Jewish philosophical and critical perspectives and examine two important genres within which Jewish artists were particularly prominent: the Cabaret and Expressionist theatre. Finally, they provide close-ups of the Jewish artists Alexander Granach, Shimon Finkel, Max Reinhardt, and Leopold Jessner. By probing the interplay between “Jewish” and “German” cultural and cognitive identities based in the field of theatre and performance and querying the effect of theatre on Jewish self-understanding, they add to the richness of intercultural understanding as well as to the complex history of theatre and performance in Germany.

Download or read book The Avant garde in Exhibition written by Bruce Altshuler and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Scholarly, sympathetic, lucid--and filled with fascinating detail--The Avant-Garde in Exhibition is as valuable as a reference as it is exciting as a narrative."--Arthur Danto

Download or read book Human Sacrifice in Jewish and Christian Tradition written by Karin Finsterbusch and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2018-08-14 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume asks to which extent ancient practices and traditions of human sacrifice are reflected in medieval and modern Judeo-Christian times. The first part of the volume, on antiquity, focuses on rituals of human sacrifice and polemics against it, as well as on transformations of human sacrifice in the Israelite-Jewish and Christian cultures, while the Ancient Near East and ancient Greece are not excluded. The second part of the volume, on medieval and modern times, discusses human sacrifice in Jewish and Christian traditions as well as the debates about euthanasia and death penalty in the Western world.

Download or read book Viennese Vignettes written by Edmund Schechter and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Wagner s Tristan and Isolde written by Richard Wagner and published by . This book was released on 1909 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Hans Richter written by Stephen C. Foster and published by Mit Press. This book was released on 2000-02 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The contributors to this book rewrite Richter's history to include his pivotal role in the development of the early twentieth-century avant-garde and his political activism.

Download or read book Spirits Unseen written by Christine Göttler and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2008 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Investigating the meanings and uses of "spiritus" in a variety of early modern disciplines and fields - natural philosophy, theology, music, literature and the visual arts - this book revisits the ambivalent history of a central ancient concept in a period of crisis and change.

Download or read book Proceedings of the Conference on Nitrogen as a Water Pollutant written by S. H. Jenkins and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-02 with total page 773 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceedings of the Conference on Nitrogen as a Water Pollutant

Download or read book Nairi Lands written by Guido Guarducci and published by Oxbow Books. This book was released on 2019-12-19 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study analyses the social and symbolic value of the material culture, in particular the pottery production and the architecture, and the social structure of the local communities of a broad area encompassing Eastern Anatolia, the South Caucasus and North-western Iran during the last phase of the Late Bronze Age and the Early Iron Age. This broad area is known from the Assyrian texts as ‘Nairi lands’. The second part of the study, furnishes a reassessment of pottery production characteristics and theories, as well as of the socio-economic structure and issues, tied to the sedentary and mobile local communities of the Nairi lands. The study brings into focus the characteristics, the extension and the distribution of Grooved pottery, along with other pottery typologies, by providing an accompanying online catalogue with detailed descriptions and high-resolution images of the pots and sherds obtained from public and private institutions in Turkey and Armenia. Moreover, the socio-political organisation and subsistence economy issues are addressed in order to advance a possible reconstruction of the social structure of the Nairi lands communities. Particular attention is devoted to the pastoral nomad component and the role played within the Nairi phenomenon. The study includes a very large corpus of text images and high-resolution color images of the pottery of the area under examination, gathered by the author in order to offer a reliable tool and compendium.