Download or read book How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease written by United States. Public Health Service. Office of the Surgeon General and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 728 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report considers the biological and behavioral mechanisms that may underlie the pathogenicity of tobacco smoke. Many Surgeon General's reports have considered research findings on mechanisms in assessing the biological plausibility of associations observed in epidemiologic studies. Mechanisms of disease are important because they may provide plausibility, which is one of the guideline criteria for assessing evidence on causation. This report specifically reviews the evidence on the potential mechanisms by which smoking causes diseases and considers whether a mechanism is likely to be operative in the production of human disease by tobacco smoke. This evidence is relevant to understanding how smoking causes disease, to identifying those who may be particularly susceptible, and to assessing the potential risks of tobacco products.

Download or read book Monuments of Progress written by Claudia Agostoni and published by UNAM. This book was released on 2003 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A social and cultural history of public health in Mexico during the late 1800s and early 1900s. The book offers a fresh take on the history of medicine and public health by shifting away from the history of epidemic disease and heroic accounts of medical men and toward looking at public health in a broader social framework. It shows how new public health policies were instrumental in the 'modernisation' of Mexico. Adds to a small, but fast-growing body of literature, on the history of public health in Latin America and other developing areas of the world.

Download or read book The Social Sciences a Semiotic View written by Algirdas Julien Greimas and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A consideration of several regional scenarios based on actual, prolonged, outlying climatic events that have occurred recently in North America. No index. The companion volume to On Meaning (Minnesota, 1987), which focused on semiotic theory. These previously published (in French) texts provide a theoretical and methodological framework for studying discourses in the social sciences. Greimas is professor of general semantics at the Ecole des Hautes Etudes in Sciences Sociales in Paris. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR

Download or read book The Historian s Craft written by Marc Bloch and published by . This book was released on 2024-06-08 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explains that the history based on judgemental aspect is something not to be done, and provides a wider explanation rather than providing in normative terms.

Download or read book The Ancient Maya written by Sylvanus Griswold Morley and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 708 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Big L written by National Defense University Press and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Native Conquistador written by Amber Brian and published by Penn State Press. This book was released on 2015-06-18 with total page 127 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For many years, scholars of the conquest worked to shift focus away from the Spanish perspective and bring attention to the often-ignored voices and viewpoints of the Indians. But recent work that highlights the “Indian conquistadors” has forced scholars to reexamine the simple categories of conqueror and subject and to acknowledge the seemingly contradictory roles assumed by native peoples who chose to fight alongside the Spaniards against other native groups. The Native Conquistador—a translation of the “Thirteenth Relation,” written by don Fernando de Alva Ixtlilxochitl in the early seventeenth century—narrates the conquest of Mexico from Hernando Cortés’s arrival in 1519 through his expedition into Central America in 1524. The protagonist of the story, however, is not the Spanish conquistador but Alva Ixtlilxochitl’s great-great-grandfather, the native prince Ixtlilxochitl of Tetzcoco. This account reveals the complex political dynamics that motivated Ixtlilxochitl’s decisive alliance with Cortés. Moreover, the dynamic plotline, propelled by the feats of Prince Ixtlilxochitl, has made this a compelling story for centuries—and one that will captivate students and scholars today.

Download or read book Nature Cures written by James C. Whorton and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Writing with wit and with fairness to all sides, Whorton offers a fascinating look at alternative health systems, highlighting their history, theories, successes and failures. His book is an engaging and authoritative history that highlights the course of alternative medicine in the U.S., providing valuable background to the wide range of therapies available today.

Download or read book From Popular Medicine to Medical Populism written by Steven Palmer and published by Duke University Press. This book was released on 2003-01-06 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From Popular Medicine to Medical Populism presents the history of medical practice in Costa Rica from the late colonial era—when none of the fifty thousand inhabitants had access to a titled physician, pharmacist, or midwife—to the 1940s, when the figure of the qualified medical doctor was part of everyday life for many of Costa Rica’s nearly one million citizens. It is the first book to chronicle the history of all healers, both professional and popular, in a Latin American country during the national period. Steven Palmer breaks with the view of popular and professional medicine as polar opposites—where popular medicine is seen as representative of the authentic local community and as synonymous with oral tradition and religious and magical beliefs and professional medicine as advancing neocolonial interests through the work of secular, trained academicians. Arguing that there was significant and formative overlap between these two forms of medicine, Palmer shows that the relationship between practitioners of each was marked by coexistence, complementarity, and dialogue as often as it was by rivalry. Palmer explains that while the professionalization of medical practice was intricately connected to the nation-building process, the Costa Rican state never consistently displayed an interest in suppressing the practice of popular medicine. In fact, it persistently found both tacit and explicit ways to allow untitled healers to practice. Using empirical and archival research to bring people (such as the famous healer or curandero Professor Carlos Carbell), events, and institutions (including the Rockefeller Foundation) to life, From Popular Medicine to Medical Populism demonstrates that it was through everyday acts of negotiation among agents of the state, medical professionals, and popular practitioners that the contours of Costa Rica’s modern, heterogeneous health care system were established.

Download or read book In Pursuit of Ancient Pasts written by Stephen L. Dyson and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2008-10-01 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: divThe stories behind the acquisition of ancient antiquities are often as important as those that tell of their creation. This fascinating book provides a comprehensive account of the history and development of classical archaeology, explaining how and why artifacts have moved from foreign soil to collections around the world. As archaeologist Stephen Dyson shows, Greek and Roman archaeological study was closely intertwined with ideas about class and social structure; the rise of nationalism and later political ideologies such as fascism; and the physical and cultural development of most of the important art museums in Europe and the United States, whose prestige depended on their creation of collections of classical art. Accompanied by a discussion of the history of each of the major national traditions and their significant figures, this lively book shows how classical archaeology has influenced attitudes about areas as wide-ranging as tourism, nationalism, the role of the museum, and historicism in nineteenth- and twentieth-century art./DIV

Download or read book The Laboratory Revolution in Medicine written by Andrew Cunningham and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2002-07-11 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essays by leading researchers on the nature and genesis of laboratory medicine.

Download or read book Annals of His Time written by Domingo Francisco de San Antón Muñón Chimalpahin Cuauhtlehuanitzin and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 2006 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The premier practitioner of the Nahuatl annals form was a writer of the early seventeenth century now known as Chimalpahin. This volume is the first English edition of Chimalpahin's largest work, written during the first two decades of the seventeenth century.

Download or read book Visions of the Emerald City written by Mark Overmyer-Velazquez and published by Duke University Press. This book was released on 2006-03-22 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: DIVExplores how elites and commoners in Oaxaca constructed and experienced the process of modernity during President Porfirio Diaz's government./div

Download or read book Indigenous Intellectuals written by Gabriela Ramos and published by Duke University Press Books. This book was released on 2014-04-18 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Via military conquest, Catholic evangelization, and intercultural engagement and struggle, a vast array of knowledge circulated through the Spanish viceroyalties in Mexico and the Andes. This collection highlights the critical role that indigenous intellectuals played in this cultural ferment. Scholars of history, anthropology, literature, and art history reveal new facets of the colonial experience by emphasizing the wide range of indigenous individuals who used knowledge to subvert, undermine, critique, and sometimes enhance colonial power. Seeking to understand the political, social, and cultural impact of indigenous intellectuals, the contributors examine both ideological and practical forms of knowledge. Their understanding of "intellectual" encompasses the creators of written texts and visual representations, functionaries and bureaucrats who interacted with colonial agents and institutions, and organic intellectuals. Contributors. Elizabeth Hill Boone, Kathryn Burns, John Charles, Alan Durston, María Elena Martínez, Tristan Platt, Gabriela Ramos, Susan Schroeder, John F. Schwaller, Camilla Townsend, Eleanor Wake, Yanna Yannakakis

Download or read book Historia de la Conquista de M xico written by James Lockhart and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 1993 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Historians are concerned today that the Spaniards' early accounts of their first experiences with the Indians in the Americas should be balanced with accounts from the Indian perspective. We People Here reflects that concern, bringing together important and revealing documents written in the Nahuatl language in sixteenth-century Mexico. James Lockhart's superior translation combines contemporary English with the most up-to-date, nuanced understanding of Nahuatl grammar and meaning. The foremost Nahuatl conquest account is Book Twelve of the Florentine Codex. In this monumental work, Fray Bernardino de Sahag�n commissioned Nahuas to collect and record in their own language accounts of the conquest of Mexico; he then added a parallel Spanish account that is part summary, part elaboration of the Nahuatl. Now, for the first time, the Nahuatl and Spanish texts are together in one volume with en face English translations and reproductions of the copious illustrations from the Codex. Also included are five other Nahua conquest texts. Lockhart's introduction discusses each one individually, placing the narratives in context.

Download or read book Conflicted Antiquities written by Elliott Colla and published by Duke University Press. This book was released on 2008-01-11 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conflicted Antiquities is a rich cultural history of European and Egyptian interest in ancient Egypt and its material culture, from the early nineteenth century until the mid-twentieth. Consulting the relevant Arabic archives, Elliott Colla demonstrates that the emergence of Egyptology—the study of ancient Egypt and its material legacy—was as consequential for modern Egyptians as it was for Europeans. The values and practices introduced by the new science of archaeology played a key role in the formation of a new colonial regime in Egypt. This fact was not lost on Egyptian nationalists, who challenged colonial archaeologists with the claim that they were the direct heirs of the Pharaohs, and therefore the rightful owners and administrators of ancient Egypt’s historical sites and artifacts. As this dispute developed, nationalists invented the political and expressive culture of “Pharaonism”—Egypt’s response to Europe’s Egyptomania. In the process, a significant body of modern, Pharaonist poetry, sculpture, architecture, and film was created by artists and authors who looked to the ancient past for inspiration. Colla draws on medieval and modern Arabic poetry, novels, and travel accounts; British and French travel writing; the history of archaeology; and the history of European and Egyptian museums and exhibits. The struggle over the ownership of Pharaonic Egypt did not simply pit Egyptian nationalists against European colonial administrators. Egyptian elites found arguments about the appreciation and preservation of ancient objects useful for exerting new forms of control over rural populations and for mobilizing new political parties. Finally, just as the political and expressive culture of Pharaonism proved critical to the formation of new concepts of nationalist identity, it also fueled Islamist opposition to the Egyptian state.

Download or read book A World History of Nineteenth Century Archaeology written by Margarita Díaz-Andreu García and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2007-11-22 with total page 501 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Margarita Diaz-Andreu offers an innovative history of archaeology during the nineteenth century, encompassing all its fields from the origins of humanity to the medieval period, and all areas of the world. The development of archaeology is placed within the framework of contemporary political events, with a particular focus upon the ideologies of nationalism and imperialism. Diaz-Andreu examines a wide range of issues, including the creation of institutions, the conversion of thestudy of antiquities into a profession, public memory, changes in archaeological thought and practice, and the effect on archaeology of racism, religion, the belief in progress, hegemony, and resistance.