Download or read book Diccionario de comercio internacional written by Enrique Alcaraz Varó and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 1144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: En los últimos años, y con motivo del fenómeno de la globalización, se han incrementado las relaciones internacionales y, dentro de éstas, las de exportación e importación. Este diccionario trata de resolver y salir al paso de las necesidades surgidas, para lo que ofrece una relación muy actualizada de los términos más frecuentes utilizados en el ámbito de las relaciones comerciales. Diccionario de comercio internacional va dirigido principalmente a los profesionales y estudiosos de las diversas áreas de la economía y del comercio internacional, así como a los profesionales de la traducción. Consta de 17.000 términos (inglés-castellano), que representan un esfuerzo de compilación terminológica. En sus dos partes, el diccionario ofrece, además de la traducción correspondiente a cada término, una breve explicación de aquéllos que deben ayudar a los usuarios en su labor. Otra característica de este diccionario es la contextualización, dentro de oraciones, de los principales términos ingleses, para facilitar al lector la comprensión del significado de los mismos. En la misma línea de facilitar la comprensión del significado, se ofrece un gran número de sinónimos, antónimos y referencias recíprocas o cruzadas y se indican los registros de las voces (coloquial, argot, etc.) así como su procedencia (inglés americano, inglés británico, etc.). Además se incluyen numerosas abreviaturas y acrónimos.
Download or read book Handbook of Terminology electronic Resource written by Pavel, Silvia and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book E Lexicography written by Pedro A. Fuertes-Olivera and published by A&C Black. This book was released on 2011-10-20 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book looks at current research and future directions in e-lexicography. Online dictionaries and reference tools are increasingly prevalent in a digitized and internet-led era in language study that has embraced computational linguistics. This book responds with theoretical and practical analysis of key topics, from a global range of contributors. Since COBUILD in the 1980s, lexicographers have found it essential to engage with and utilize electronic computational tools. Internet dictionaries, online reference tools and even search engine optimization demand a knowledge of electronic lexicography and force a reassessment of the field. This volume looks at, amongst other topics: • Polyfunctional versus monofunctional dictionary tools • Developing theories of lexicography for electronic mediums • Distinguishing between the database and the dictionary • Online dictionaries not as data repositories but as sophisticated search engines This volume will appeal to scholars in lexicography and to practicing lexicographers.
Download or read book Engineer s dictionary Spanish English and English Spanish written by Louis A. Robb and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 664 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Using Online Dictionaries written by Carolin Müller-Spitzer and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2014-02-27 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Until now, there has been very little research into the use of online dictionaries. In contrast, the market for online dictionaries is increasing both for academic lexicography and for commercial lexicography, with sales figures for printed reference works in continual decline. This has led to a demand for reliable empirical information on how online dictionaries are actually being used and how they could be made more user-friendly. The volume Using Online Dictionaries makes a substantial contribution to closing this research gap. It is divided into four parts: The first part contains articles on fundamental issues: a research review of the empirical studies on digital dictionaries which have already been carried out, and a brief methodological guideline for lexicographical researchers who are interested in conducting their own empirical research. The second part contains the results of two studies that focus on general questions about the use of online dictionaries. It presents empirical data on contexts of dictionary use, on expectations and demands regarding online dictionaries. Furthermore, innovative features, such as the use of multimedia elements or the option of a user-adaptive interface and questions of design were assessed empirically. The third part of this volume comprises more specific studies of online dictionaries: an eye-tracking study evaluating the new web design of the dictionary portal OWID and a log file study which tries to get to the bottom of the following question: Do dictionary users look up frequent words, or put differently, is there a connection between how often a word is looked up and how often it appears in a corpus? In the last chapter of this thematic section, the question of how users judge the combination of a written paraphrase and an additional illustration in illustrated online dictionaries is addressed. The last part focuses on the use of monolingual dictionaries, in particular the German online dictionary elexiko. In this context, two online questionnaire-based studies were carried out. The empirical studies were conducted in the form of online surveys combining questionnaires and experimental elements and in the form of laboratory studies using eye-tracking technology as well as using observational methods such as log file analyses. Regarding the comprehensive research framework, this volume can be relevant to lexicographers, metalexicographers and linguists who are interested in the use of (online) dictionaries and in the development and exploration of lexicographical data for the internet, as well as linguists interested in empirical methods. It addresses a broad expert audience by presenting an academic subject which is currently the focus of much discussion.
Download or read book The Routledge Handbook of Lexicography written by Pedro A. Fuertes-Olivera and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-10-02 with total page 987 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Routledge Handbook of Lexicography provides a comprehensive overview of the major approaches to lexicography and their applications within the field. This Handbook features key case studies and cutting-edge contributions from an international range of practitioners, teachers, and researchers. Analysing the theory and practice of compiling dictionaries within the digital era, the 47 chapters address the core issues of: The foundations of lexicography, and its interactions with other disciplines including Corpus Linguistics and Information Science; Types of dictionaries, for purposes such as translation and teaching; Innovative specialised dictionaries such as the Oenolex wine dictionary and the Online Dictionary of New Zealand Sign Language; Lexicography and world languages, including Arabic, Hindi, Russian, Chinese, and Indonesian; The future of lexicography, including the use of the Internet, user participation, and dictionary portals. The Routledge Handbook of Lexicography is essential reading for researchers and students working in this area.
Download or read book Developing Innovation Systems written by Mario Cimoli and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-09-05 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mexico provides a case study of a cornerstone economy in the development of the hemospheric free trade zone in the Americas, an adjusting economy which has been integrated into uneven economies (Canada and the US). This volume examines the Mexican economy and its attempt to develop an innovation system, providing an example of the dynamics that are of concern to evolutionary economists.
Download or read book Lexicography in the Borderland between Knowledge and Non Knowledge written by Sven Tarp and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2008-08-27 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book contains a state-of-the-art summary of the theoretical discussions within the field of lexicography during the last decades. On this basis it presents and argues for a new general theory, called the function theory. It goes on to develop this theory in one single field, i.e. learners lexicography where it both formulates the basic elements of a general theory for learners’ dictionaries as well as a number of specific theories for special subfields such as selection, meaning, semantic relations, morphology, syntactic properties and word combinations. It contains a big number of examples extracted from existing dictionaries which are discussed from the point of view of the theories formulated.
Download or read book Lexicography and Terminology written by Olga Karpova and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2009-03-26 with total page 205 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present book contains a collection of works devoted to current trends in theoretical and practical lexicography, terminology and terminography. All papers are divided into two main sections. Part I: Lexicography deals with analysis of historical and typological problems in lexicography with special reference to English, Italian, Russian and Southern African dictionaries for general- and special- purposes. The main focus is given to the description of principles in lexicographic presentation of non-equivalent lexics, rhyming slang, idioms, clichés and gender nominations of people in bilingual and monolingual dictionaries. Part II: Terminology and Terminography is devoted to description of the current tendencies observed in terminology and terminography studies with special reference to modern European languages such as English, Russian, Norwegian, etc. Terms of different special domains are viewed from the angle of the latest achievements of modern science, cognitive linguistics in particular. It reveals specific features of terminological word-combinations, terms in colloquial use, peculiarities of terms belonging to newly formed Languages for Special purposes, typical features of recently appeared LSPs and presentations of new dictionaries’ projects of different subject areas. This part reveals international nature of current tendencies in terminology studies and shows the national ways of their functioning and presentation in special dictionaries.
Download or read book Web Intelligence written by Ning Zhong and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This excellently written monograph provides – for the first time ever - a thorough introduction and systematic overview of all aspects of intelligent data processing on the Web. It presents both the current state of research as well as application aspects. All major topics related to Web Intelligence which can have impact on future directions and developments are presented in detail. This book will be a valuable source of reference for years to all research and development professionals interested in Web Intelligence. Students will also appreciate the numerous illustrations and examples.
Download or read book Knowledge Acquisition Modeling and Management written by Rudi Studer and published by Springer. This book was released on 2003-06-29 with total page 413 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Past, Present, and Future of Knowledge Acquisition This book contains the proceedings of the 11th European Workshop on Kno- edge Acquisition, Modeling, and Management (EKAW ’99), held at Dagstuhl Castle (Germany) in May of 1999. This continuity and the high number of s- missions re?ect the mature status of the knowledge acquisition community. Knowledge Acquisition started as an attempt to solve the main bottleneck in developing expert systems (now called knowledge-based systems): Acquiring knowledgefromahumanexpert. Variousmethodsandtoolshavebeendeveloped to improve this process. These approaches signi?cantly reduced the cost of - veloping knowledge-based systems. However, these systems often only partially ful?lled the taskthey weredevelopedfor andmaintenanceremainedanunsolved problem. This required a paradigm shift that views the development process of knowledge-based systems as a modeling activity. Instead of simply transf- ring human knowledge into machine-readable code, building a knowledge-based system is now viewed as a modeling activity. A so-called knowledge model is constructed in interaction with users and experts. This model need not nec- sarily re?ect the already available human expertise. Instead it should provide a knowledgelevelcharacterizationof the knowledgethat is requiredby the system to solve the application task. Economy and quality in system development and maintainability are achieved by reusable problem-solving methods and onto- gies. The former describe the reasoning process of the knowledge-based system (i. e. , the algorithms it uses) and the latter describe the knowledge structures it uses (i. e. , the data structures). Both abstract from speci?c application and domain speci?c circumstances to enable knowledge reuse.
Download or read book Chaos Cyber Culture written by Timothy Leary and published by Grupo Editorial Norma. This book was released on 1994 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Experiences of Freedom in Postcolonial Literatures and Cultures written by Annalisa Oboe and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2011-03-30 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modern ideas of freedom and human rights have been repeatedly contested and are hotly debated at the beginning of the third millennium in response to new theories, needs, and challenges in contemporary life. This volume offers culturally diverse contributions to the debate on freedom from the literatures and arts of the postcolonial world, exploring experiences that evoke, desire, imagine, and perform freedom across five continents and two centuries of history. Experiences of Freedom opens with an introductory philosophical essay by Achille Mbembe and is divided into four sections that consider: • resisting history and colonialism • the right to move and to belong • the right to (believe in) free futures • imaginative freedom and critical engagement. Each section contains a piece of creative writing directly connected to these topics from authors Chris Abani, Anita Desai, Caryl Phillips, and Alexis Wright, followed by a selection of critical essays. Contributors: Chris Abani, Rochelle Almeida, Gil Anidjar, Jogamaya Bayer, Elena Bernardini, Anne Collett, Carmen Concilio, Paola Della Valle, Roberto Derobertis, Anita Desai, Lorna Down, Francesca Giommi, Gareth Griffiths, Dave Gunning, John C. Hawley, Peter H. Marsden, Russell McDougall, Achille Mbembe, Cinzia Mozzato, Kevin Newmark, Berndt Ostendorf, Mai Palmberg, Owen Percy, Kirsten Holst Petersen, Caryl Phillips, Annel Pieterse, Christiane Schlote, Nermeen Shaikh, Patrick Williams, Alexis Wright, and Robert J. C. Young.
Download or read book Blue Bird written by Tom Cunliffe and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Autonomous Systems Developments and Trends written by Herwig Unger and published by Springer. This book was released on 2011-11-22 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Workshops on Autonomous Systems emanated from a gathering with the doctoral students of just three chairs at Fernuniversität in Hagen, which we organise twice per year for a number of years now. Their purpose is to discuss on-going research and to create a community spirit. Furthermore, they serve as a means of structuring the students' research processes. The workshop has grown and matured in several respects. The doctoral students presenting their work do not come from a single university anymore, but from three. Besides them and their supervisors, also other scientists became interested in the event and contribute to its programme. Following the model of Advanced Study Institutes, they are available on the premises for relaxed, informal discussions outside the formal sessions. Finally, with the co-sponsorship of Gesellschaft für Informatik, the German Computer Society, and this surprisingly comprehensive volume of contributions published by Springer-Verlag the workshop turned into a visible scientific event.
Download or read book Lake Chilwa written by M. Kalk and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Leonard C. Beadle In contrast to the more sta bie oceans, inland waters are, on the geological time scale, short-lived and are subject to great fluctuations in chemical composition and physical features. Very few lakes and rivers have existed continuously for more than a million years, and the life of the majority is to be measured in thousands or less. Earth movements, erosion and long-term climatic changes in the past have caused many of them to appear and disappear. No wonder then that most freshwater organism are especially adapted to great changes and many even to temporary extinction of their environment. Recent studies of residual sediments from existing and extinct lakes in tropical Africa have told us much about their age and the past history of their faunas and floras, from which we may deduce something about the climate and the conditions in the water in the past. The forces that have formed and moulded the African Great Lakes have been catastrophic in their violence and effects. They are not yet finished, but the present rate of change is, in human terms, too slow for direct observation of the ecological effects. The large man-made lakes are providing very good opportunities for studying the chemi cal and biological consequences of the initial filling but, once filled, they are artificially protected against major fluctuations.
Download or read book Makoto Sei Watanabe written by Makoto Sei Watanabe and published by L'Arcaedizioni. This book was released on 1998 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The works of Makoto Sei Watanabe combine the functionality of aesthetic experience and the calculated organization of structures with the evocation of deep ancestral memories.
