Download or read book Device Physics of Organic Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells written by Valentin Dan Mihaileţchi and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Organic Solar Cells written by Wallace C.H. Choy and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-11-19 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Organic solar cells have emerged as new promising photovoltaic devices due to their potential applications in large area, printable and flexible solar panels. Organic Solar Cells: Materials and Device Physics offers an updated review on the topics covering the synthesis, properties and applications of new materials for various critical roles in devices from electrodes, interface and carrier transport materials, to the active layer composed of donors and acceptors. Addressing the important device physics issues of carrier and exciton dynamics and interface stability and novel light trapping structures, the potential for hybrid organic solar cells to provide high efficiency solar cells is examined and discussed in detail. Specific chapters covers key areas including: Latest research and designs for highly effective polymer donors/acceptors and interface materials Synthesis and application of highly transparent and conductive graphene Exciton and charge dynamics for in-depth understanding of the mechanism underlying organic solar cells. New potentials and emerging functionalities of plasmonic effects in OSCs Interface Degradation Mechanisms in organic photovoltaics improving the entire device lifetime Device architecture and operation mechanism of organic/ inorganic hybrid solar cells for next generation of high performance photovoltaics This reference can be practically and theoretically applied by senior undergraduates, postgraduates, engineers, scientists, researchers, and project managers with some fundamental knowledge in organic and inorganic semiconductor materials or devices.
Download or read book Organic Solar Cells written by Pankaj Kumar and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-10-03 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains detailed information on the types, structure, fabrication, and characterization of organic solar cells (OSCs). It discusses processes to improve efficiencies and the prevention of degradation in OSCs. It compares the cost-effectiveness of OSCs to those based on crystalline silicon and discusses ways to make OSCs more economical. This book provides a practical guide for the fabrication, processing, and characterization of OSCs and paves the way for further development in OSC technology.
Download or read book Organic Photovoltaics written by Christoph Brabec and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-09-22 with total page 597 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Providing complementary viewpoints from academia as well as technology companies, this book covers the three most important aspects of successful device design: materials, device physics, and manufacturing technologies. It also offers an insight into commercialization concerns, such as packaging technologies, system integration, reel-to-reel large scale manufacturing issues and production costs. With an introduction by Nobel Laureate Alan Heeger.
Download or read book Organic Solar Cells written by Barry P. Rand and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-08-26 with total page 795 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells have the potential to make a significant contribution to the increasing energy needs of the future. In this book, 15 chapters written by selected experts explore the required characteristics of components present in an OPV device, such as transparent electrodes, electron- and hole-conducting layers, as well as elect
Download or read book Organic Solar Cells written by Qiquan Qiao and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-12-19 with total page 510 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Current energy consumption mainly depends on fossil fuels that are limited and can cause environmental issues such as greenhouse gas emissions and global warming. These factors have stimulated the search for alternate, clean, and renewable energy sources. Solar cells are some of the most promising clean and readily available energy sources. Plus, the successful utilization of solar energy can help reduce the dependence on fossil fuels. Recently, organic solar cells have gained extensive attention as a next-generation photovoltaic technology due to their light weight, mechanical flexibility, and solution-based cost-effective processing. Organic Solar Cells: Materials, Devices, Interfaces, and Modeling provides an in-depth understanding of the current state of the art of organic solar cell technology. Encompassing the full spectrum of organic solar cell materials, modeling and simulation, and device physics and engineering, this comprehensive text: Discusses active layer, interfacial, and transparent electrode materials Explains how to relate synthesis parameters to morphology of the photoactive layer using molecular dynamics simulations Offers insight into coupling morphology and interfaces with charge transport in organic solar cells Explores photoexcited carrier dynamics, defect states, interface engineering, and nanophase separation Covers inorganic–organic hybrids, tandem structure, and graphene-based polymer solar cells Organic Solar Cells: Materials, Devices, Interfaces, and Modeling makes an ideal reference for scientists and engineers as well as researchers and students entering the field from broad disciplines including chemistry, material science and engineering, physics, nanotechnology, nanoscience, and electrical engineering.
Download or read book Device Physics and Recombination in Polymer Fullerene Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells written by Steven Hawks and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: My thesis focuses on improving and understanding a relatively new type of solar cell materials system: polymer:fullerene bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) blends. These mixtures have drawn significant interest because they are made from low-cost organic molecules that can be cast from solution, which makes them a potential cheap alternative to traditional solar cell materials like silicon. The drawback, though, is that they are not as efficient at converting sunlight into electricity. My thesis focuses on this issue, and examines the loss processes holding back the efficiency in polymer:fullerene blends as well as investigates new processing methods for overcoming the efficiency limitations. The first chapter introduces the subject of solar cells, and polymer:fullerene solar cells in particular. The second chapter presents a case study on recombination in the high-performance PBDTTT polymer family, wherein we discovered that nongeminate recombination of an anti-Langevin origin was the dominant loss process that ultimately limited the cell efficiency. Electroluminescence measurements revealed that an electron back-transfer process was prevalent in active layers with insufficient PC$_{71}$BM content. This work ultimately made strong headway in understanding what factors limited the relatively unexplored but highly efficient PBDTTT family of polymers. In the next chapter, I further explore the recombination mechanisms in polymer:fullerene BHJs by examining the dark diode ideality factor as a function of temperature in several polymer:fullerene materials systems. By re-deriving the diode law for a polymer:fullerene device with Shockley-Read-Hall recombination, we were able to confirm that trap-assisted recombination through an exponential band-tail of localized states is the dominant recombination process in many polymer:fullerene active layers. In the third chapter, I present a generalized theoretical framework for understanding current transients in planar semiconductor devices, like those discussed above. My analysis reveals that the apparent free-carrier concentration obtained via the usual integral approach is altered by a non-trivial factor of two, sometimes leading to misinterpretations of the charge densities and overall device physics. This new perspective could have far-reaching effects on semiconductor research and technology. Finally, in the last two chapters, I discuss the device physics associated with a relatively novel method for fabricating nanoscale polymer:fullerene BHJs: solution sequential processing (SqP). In particular, I compare recombination in SqP vs. traditionally processed blend-cast devices, and demonstrate that SqP is a more scalable method for making BHJ solar cells. In the final chapter, I examine an unexpected discovery that occurred while working on the content in Chapter 5. Specifically, Chapter 6 examines electrode metal penetration in the SqP quasi-bilayer active layer architecture. Therein, we unexpectedly found that evaporated metal can readily penetrate into fullerene-rich layers, up to $\sim$70 nm or more. The details and consequences of this surprising occurrence are discussed in detail.
Download or read book Device Physics of Bulk Heterojunction Polymer Solar Cells written by Thomas Johannes Konrad Brenner and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Investigating Device Physics in Bulk heterojunction Organic Solar Cells Through Materials Engineering of Interfaces written by Kevin M. O'Malley and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We have designed and implemented several organic photovoltaic materials with the goal of engineering interfaces within bulk-heterojunction organic solar cells. In one project, we synthesized a C60 bis-adduct surfactant for use as a buffer layer between the photoactive layer and the thermally evaporated metal top contact of conventional structure, bulk-heterojunction organic solar cells. By systematically varying the work function of the contact metal, with and without the surfactant buffer layer, we gained insight into the physics governing the photoactive layer/metal interface and vastly improved the device performance. By applying Mott-Schottky analysis to the capacitance-voltage data obtained for these devices we were able to conclude that the surfactant modifies the metal work function to an appreciable extent, and allows for efficient charge extraction and significantly enhanced open-circuit voltage regardless of the chosen contact metal. This enhancement allowed us to use more air-stable metals that would ordinarily be prohibited due to suboptimal energy level alignment at the electron-collecting electrode. In a second line of investigation, we used impedance spectroscopy to probe the charge carrier recombination dynamics and their effects on device performance in organic solar cells composed of poly(indacenodithiophene-co-phananthrene-quinoxaline), as well as its fluorinated derivatives, and various fullerenes. We find that the morphology of the blended photoactive layer has a strong influence on the electronic density-of-states distribution, which in turn directly affects the recombination rate as well as the achievable open-circuit voltage. We show that attempting to increase the open-circuit voltage through structurally tuning the energy levels of polymer and fullerene inadvertently introduces different bulk phase separation that leads to a reduction in photocurrent. We observe that the recombination lifetime decreases more dramatically with increasing excess photogenerated charge carrier density for blends with more finely separated phases and propose that the resulting increase in recombination surface area leads directly to reduced overall device performance, despite a marked increase in open-circuit voltage.
Download or read book Polymer Photovoltaics written by Fei Huang and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2016 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An international perspective on the latest research in polymer solar cell technology.
Download or read book Organic Solar Cells written by Wallace C.H. Choy and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-11-17 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Organic solar cells have emerged as new promising photovoltaic devices due to their potential applications in large area, printable and flexible solar panels. Organic Solar Cells: Materials and Device Physics offers an updated review on the topics covering the synthesis, properties and applications of new materials for various critical roles in devices from electrodes, interface and carrier transport materials, to the active layer composed of donors and acceptors. Addressing the important device physics issues of carrier and exciton dynamics and interface stability and novel light trapping structures, the potential for hybrid organic solar cells to provide high efficiency solar cells is examined and discussed in detail. Specific chapters covers key areas including: Latest research and designs for highly effective polymer donors/acceptors and interface materials Synthesis and application of highly transparent and conductive graphene Exciton and charge dynamics for in-depth understanding of the mechanism underlying organic solar cells. New potentials and emerging functionalities of plasmonic effects in OSCs Interface Degradation Mechanisms in organic photovoltaics improving the entire device lifetime Device architecture and operation mechanism of organic/ inorganic hybrid solar cells for next generation of high performance photovoltaics This reference can be practically and theoretically applied by senior undergraduates, postgraduates, engineers, scientists, researchers, and project managers with some fundamental knowledge in organic and inorganic semiconductor materials or devices.
Download or read book Organic and Hybrid Solar Cells written by Lukas Schmidt-Mende and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2016-05-24 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the increasing world-energy demand there is a growing necessity for clean and renewable energy. The sun being one of the most abundant potential sources accounts for less than 1% of the global energy supply. The market for solar cells is one of the most strongly increasing markets, even though the prize of conventional solar cells is still quite high. New emerging technologies, such as organic and hybrid solar cells have the potential to decrease the price of solar energy drastically. This book offers an introduction to these new types of solar cells and discusses fabrication, different architectures and their device physics on the bases of the author's teaching course on a master degree level. A comparison with conventional solar cells will be given and the specialties of organic solar cells emphasized.
Download or read book Organic Solar Cells written by Wolfgang Tress and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-11-22 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers in a textbook-like fashion the basics or organic solar cells, addressing the limits of photovoltaic energy conversion and giving a well-illustrated introduction to molecular electronics with focus on the working principle and characterization of organic solar cells. Further chapters based on the author’s dissertation focus on the electrical processes in organic solar cells by presenting a detailed drift-diffusion approach to describe exciton separation and charge-carrier transport and extraction. The results, although elaborated on small-molecule solar cells and with focus on the zinc phthalocyanine: C60 material system, are of general nature. They propose and demonstrate experimental approaches for getting a deeper understanding of the dominating processes in amorphous thin-film based solar cells in general. The main focus is on the interpretation of the current-voltage characteristics (J-V curve). This very standard measurement technique for a solar cell reflects the electrical processes in the device. Comparing experimental to simulation data, the author discusses the reasons for S-Shaped J-V curves, the role of charge carrier mobilities and energy barriers at interfaces, the dominating recombination mechanisms, the charge carrier generation profile, and other efficiency-limiting processes in organic solar cells. The book concludes with an illustrative guideline on how to identify reasons for changes in the J-V curve. This book is a suitable introduction for students in engineering, physics, material science, and chemistry starting in the field of organic or hybrid thin-film photovoltaics. It is just as valuable for professionals and experimentalists who analyze solar cell devices.
Download or read book Solar Cell Device Physics written by Stephen J. Fonash and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Solar Cell Device Physics offers a balanced, in-depth qualitative and quantitative treatment of the physical principles and operating characteristics of solar cell devices. Topics covered include photovoltaic energy conversion and solar cell materials and structures, along with homojunction solar cells. Semiconductor-semiconductor heterojunction cells and surface-barrier solar cells are also discussed. This book consists of six chapters and begins by introducing the reader to the basic physical principles and materials properties that are the foundations of photovoltaic energy conversion, with emphasis on various photovoltaic devices capable of efficiently converting solar energy into usable electrical energy. The electronic and optical properties of crystalline, polycrystalline, and amorphous materials with both organic and inorganic materials are considered, together with the manner in which these properties change from one material class to another and the implications of such changes for photovoltaics. Generation, recombination, and bulk transport are also discussed. The two mechanisms of photocarrier collection in solar cells, drift and diffusion, are then compared. The remaining chapters focus on specific solar cell device classes defined in terms of the interface structure employed: homojunctions, semiconductor-semiconductor heterojunctions, and surface-barrier devices. This monograph is appropriate for use as a textbook for graduate students in engineering and the sciences and for seniors in electrical engineering and applied physics, as well as a reference book for those actively involved in solar cell research and development.
Download or read book Device Physics of Organic Solar Cells written by Wolfgang Tress and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Elementary Processes in Organic Photovoltaics written by Karl Leo and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-12-20 with total page 423 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents the results of a multi-year research programme funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Council), which explains how organic solar cells work. In this new promising photovoltaic technology, carbon-based materials are deposited by low-cost methods onto flexible substrates, thus allowing devices which open completely new applications like transparent coatings for building, solar cells integrated into clothing or packages, and many more. The investigation of organic solar cells is an interdisciplinary topic, covering physics, chemistry and engineering. The different chapters address topics ranging from the synthesis of new organic materials, to the characterization of the elementary processes such as exciton transport and separation, and the principles of highly efficient device design. /div
