Download or read book Development of Zinc bromine Batteries for Utility Energy Storage First Annual Report 1 September 1978 31 August 1979 8 kWh Submodule written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Development work on the Zn/Br battery is reported. A major improvement was the use of a bipolar cell design; this design is superior with respect to cost, performance, and simplicity. A cost and design study for an 80-kWh module resulted in a cost estimate of $54/kWh(1979$) for purchased materials and components, on the basis of 2500 MWh of annual production. A cell submodule (nominal 2 kWh) of full-sized electrodes (1 ft2) accrued over 200 continuous cycles in a hands-off, automatic routine with efficiencies in the range of 53 to 56%. Initial testing of a full-sized 8-kWh submodule demonstrated energy efficiencies of 65 to 67%. 23 figures, 10 tables. (RWR).

Download or read book Development of Zinc bromine Batteries for Utility Energy Storage written by Ronald A. Putt and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 1740 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 798 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Government Reports Announcements Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 1360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Development of Zinc bromine Batteries for Utility Energy Storage Monthly Progress Report August 1981 written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Progress is reported on the following tasks: component development and acceptance, hardware design and construction, and testing. (WHK).

Download or read book The Zinc Bromine Flow Battery written by Gobinath Pillai Rajarathnam and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-01-11 with total page 113 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a detailed technical overview of short- and long-term materials and design challenges to zinc/bromine flow battery advancement, the need for energy storage in the electrical grid and how these may be met with the Zn/Br system. Practical interdisciplinary pathways forward are identified via cross-comparison and comprehensive review of significant findings from more than 300 published works, with clear in-depth explanations spanning initial RFB development to state-of-the-art research in related systems. Promising strategies described include the use of modern electrochemical techniques to study and optimize physical processes occurring within the system during operation, improving zinc electroplating quality during the charge phase through the strategic use of organic additives, as well as identifying suitable catalysts to optimize the bromine/bromide redox couple. The primary focus is on research and development of novel materials in the areas of electrolyte formulation and multifunctional “smart” electrode surfaces to achieve a higher degree of control over processes at the electrode–electrolyte interface. The strategies suggested in this book are also highly adaptable for use in other similar flow battery systems, while the unique cross-comparative approach makes it a useful reference and source of new ideas for both new and established researchers in the field of energy storage and battery technology.

Download or read book Development of Zinc Bromine Batteries for Load Leveling Applications Phase 1 Final Report written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Zinc/Bromine Load-Leveling Battery Development contract (No. 40-8965) was partitioned at the outset into two phases of equal length. Phase 1 started in September 1990 and continued through December 1991. In Phase 1, zinc/bromine battery technology was to be advanced to the point that it would be clear that the technology was viable and would be an appropriate choice for electric utilities wishing to establish stationary energy-storage facilities. Criteria were established that addressed most of the concerns that had been observed in the previous development efforts. The performances of 8-cell and 100-cell laboratory batteries demonstrated that the criteria were met or exceeded. In Phase 2, 100-kWh batteries will be built and demonstrated, and a conceptual design for a load-leveling plant will be presented. At the same time, work will continue to identify improved assembly techniques and operating conditions. This report details the results of the efforts carried out in Phase 1. The highlights are: (1) Four 1-kWh stacks achieved over 100 cycles, One l-kWh stack achieved over 200 cycles, One 1-kWh stack achieved over 300 cycles; (2) Less than 10% degradation in performance occurred in the four stacks that achieved over 100 cycles; (3) The battery used for the zinc loading investigation exhibited virtually no loss in performance for loadings up to 130 mAh/cm[sup 2]; (4) Charge-current densities of 50 ma/cm[sup 2] have been achieved in minicells; (5) Fourteen consecutive no-strip cycles have been conducted on the stack with 300+ cycles; (6) A mass and energy balance spreadsheet that describes battery operation was completed; (7) Materials research has continued to provide improvements in the electrode, activation layer, and separator; and (8) A battery made of two 50-cell stacks (15 kWh) was produced and delivered to Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) for testing. The most critical development was the ability to assemble a battery stack that remained leak free. The task of sealing the battery stack using vibration welding has undergone significant improvement resulting in a viable production process. Through several design iterations, a solid technology base for larger battery stack designs was established. Internal stack stresses can now be modeled, in addition to fluid velocity and fluid pressure distribution, through the use of a finite element analysis computer program. Additionally, the Johnson Controls Battery Group, Inc. (JCBGI) proprietary FORTRAN model has been improved significantly, enabling accurate performance predictions. This modeling was used to improve the integrity and performance of the battery stacks, and should be instrumental in reducing the turnaround time from concept to assembly.

Download or read book Development of Zinc written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report documents Phase 2 of a project to design, develop, and test a zinc/bromine battery technology for use in utility energy storage applications. The project was co-funded by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Power Technologies through Sandia National Laboratories. The viability of the zinc/bromine technology was demonstrated in Phase 1. In Phase 2, the technology developed during Phase 1 was scaled up to a size appropriate for the application. Batteries were increased in size from 8-cell, 1170-cm2 cell stacks (Phase 1) to 8- and then 60-cell, 2500-cm2 cell stacks in this phase. The 2500-cm2 series battery stacks were developed as the building block for large utility battery systems. Core technology research on electrolyte and separator materials and on manufacturing techniques, which began in Phase 1, continued to be investigated during Phase 2. Finally, the end product of this project was a 100-kWh prototype battery system to be installed and tested at an electric utility.

Download or read book Assessment of the Zinc bromine Battery for Utility Load Leveling written by General Electric Company. Research and Development Center and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Development of Zinc bromine Batteries for Utility Applications written by C. Chi and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Zinc Bromine Batteries for Energy Storage Applications written by K. J. Cathro and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Development of Zinc bromine Batteries for Utility Applications written by C. Chi and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book High Efficient Low Cost Photovoltaics written by Vesselinka Petrova-Koch and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A bird's-eye view of the developmental trends and problems of recent photovoltaics is presented. The worldwide effort to develop high-efficiency low-cost PV modules, making use of most efficient solar cells and clever low-cost solar concentrators is described.

Download or read book Pollutants from Energy Sources written by Rashmi Avinash Agarwal and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-11-01 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses different aspects of energy consumption and environmental pollution, describing in detail the various pollutants resulting from the utilization of natural resources and their control techniques. It discusses diagnostic techniques in a simple and easy-to-understand manner. It will be useful for engineers, agriculturists, environmentalists, ecologists and policy makers involved in area of pollutants from energy, environmental safety, and health sectors.

Download or read book Advances in Intelligent Computing and Communication written by Mihir Narayan Mohanty and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-13 with total page 563 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book features high-quality research papers presented at the 2nd International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Advances in Communication (ICAC 2019), held at Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India, in November 2019. Covering a wide variety of topics, including management of clean and smart energy systems and environmental challenges, it is a valuable resource for researchers and practicing engineers working in various fields of renewable energy generation, and clean and smart energy management.

Download or read book Microgrid Architectures Control and Protection Methods written by Naser Mahdavi Tabatabaei and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-08-01 with total page 781 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents intuitive explanations of the principles of microgrids, including their structure and operation and their applications. It also discusses the latest research on microgrid control and protection technologies and the essentials of microgrids as well as enhanced communication systems. The book provides solutions to microgrid operation and planning issues using various methodologies including planning and modelling; AC and DC hybrid microgrids; energy storage systems in microgrids; and optimal microgrid operational planning. Written by specialists, it is filled in innovative solutions and research related to microgrid operation, making it a valuable resource for those interested in developing updated approaches in electric power analysis, design and operational strategies. Thanks to its in-depth explanations and clear, three-part structure, it is useful for electrical engineering students, researchers and technicians.