Download or read book Development of Three dimensional Finite Element Software for Curved Plate Girder and Tub Girder Bridges During Construction written by Paul Biju-Duval (Ph. D.) and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Because of its ability to be easily shaped, steel is an attractive material for curved girders. Plate girder and tub girder bridges, for example, are often the preferred solution for direct connectors in highway networks. This flexibility in fabrication, however, presents challenges for structural engineers because of the difficulties associated with accounting for combined bending and torsion with curved geometry. The potential presence of skewed supports is a further source of complexity. In fact, no commercial structural engineering program currently addresses the evaluation of plate girder and tub girder bridges while modeling them to the full extent of their three-dimensional configuration. Most engineers, for example, use a two-dimensional bridge representation, which is often accurate for typical design of a complete bridge but may also be unconservative in many cases. The few programs that allow a full three-dimensional representation require extensive knowledge of finite element theory as well as significant time to model any complex structure. This dissertation presents the assumptions, methodology and calculations involved in the programming of a new structural engineering program designed to assess the behavior and stability or curved plate girder and tub girder bridges during erection or deck placement. It then illustrates the capabilities of the program for various structural systems subjected to a variety of loads, from self-weight to wind and temperature loads. In addition to a linear elastic analysis, multiple types of analysis are offered to the engineer: a geometrically nonlinear analysis provides a more accurate behavior for flexible systems, a linearized buckling analysis yields an upper bound evaluation of the stability of the structure, while a modal dynamic analysis estimates the free vibration modes of that structure.

Download or read book Development of LRFD Specifications for Horizontally Curved Steel Girder Bridges written by J. M. Kulicki and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 2006 with total page 81 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report contains the findings of research performed to develop design specifications for horizontally curved steel girder bridges.

Download or read book Three Dimensional Finite Element Analysis of Decked Precast Prestressed Concrete Girder Bridges written by Sanjay Chaudhury and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The speed of construction has become the key issue for bridges. This is especially true in cold regions like Alaska, where you face a very short summer season. The speed of construction can be expedited by connections. As there are advantages in connections there are also disadvantages. One of the primary advantages of the connectors is that it makes the load transfer mechanism very efficient. However everything comes for a price. Maintenance of connections is very difficult. Routine inspections are to be made to ensure proper functioning of the system. This becomes a very important factor in Alaska where extreme winter conditions exists. Another issue is that the current connector design is based on an empirical approach. A rational design method is needed. In this study an effort has been made to find the presence of ISD on the live load distribution factor for single lane loading. Using ABAQUS CAE, 3D finite element (FE) models have been developed and analyzed with different parameters. By varying the parameters, different distribution factors corresponding to the reaction, strains (flexure and shear) as well as the forces originating from the connectors are evaluated and compared. This paper provides a basis for future connector design"--Leave iv.

Download or read book Behavior Design and Construction of Horizontally Curved Composite Steel Box Girder Bridges microform written by Muayad Whyib Aldoori and published by Library and Archives Canada = Bibliothèque et Archives Canada. This book was released on 2004 with total page 538 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Horizontally curved girder bridges have been used considerably in recent years in highly congested urban areas. However, although significant research on physical testing and advanced analysis has been underway for the past decade, the practical employment of many recommendations has not been achieved by the engineering community nor have standards reflecting this work been brought into practice. The design process of curved composite bridges involves tracking the stresses and the potential failure change in the girders during erection, construction and service loading stages. For structural safety and serviceability, the designer estimates the stresses induced within the bridge and assure that they do not exceed the applicable specified limit state as required in bridge design standards. However, the designer may be concerned about the level of approximation that is used in his estimate or even the applicability of the underlying theory. To answer this question and provide the designer with more insight into the behavior of the curved bridges, the field testing during construction and service loading of a curved bridge located near Baltimore, Maryland is re-examined here using linear elastic three-dimensional finite element modeling. Comparisons are made between the finite element results and the measured results. Finally, to facilitate the finite element modeling effort for use by a designer, ANSYS Parametric Design Language (APDL) capabilities are used here to develop an analysis/design tool for "Bath-Tub" style curved steel girder bridges. This tool is then used to evaluate the effects of several important design variables on the response and behavior of the girders during the construction phase. This study demonstrates the ability of finite element modeling to assess the stiffness, serviceability performance, buckling behavior and ultimate strength of curved bridges during construction and it is a major step towards a performance based approach to design for stability. The level of safety or reliability that would be available during the erection and the construction processes of horizontally curved girder bridges represents another major concern for the designer. A three span continuous curved box girder bridge in Houston, Texas is used in this study as an example reflecting current detailing and fabricating practice and it is chosen for a detailed evaluation of the structural safety/reliability during the erection and construction process. This task involves simulating the girder erection and concrete slab placement sequence of the bridge using comprehensive nonlinear three dimensional finite element modeling.

Download or read book Improved Design Specifications for Horizontally Curved Steel Girder Highway Bridges written by Dann H. Hall and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 1999 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Construction Simulation of Curved Steel I Girder Bridges written by Ching-Jen Chang and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study addresses the development of a prototype software system for analysis of horizontally curved steel I-girder bridges using open-section thin-walled beam theory. Recommendations are provided for the use of three-dimensional (3D) grid idealizations in analyzing curved I-girder bridge structural systems. The 3D grid idealizations account for the general displacements and rotations common within complex curved I-girder bridge structures, i.e., none of the displacement and rotational degrees-of-freedom are arbitrarily assumed to be equal to zero. Also, these idealizations account for the warping (or cross-bending) deformations of the I-girder flanges that dominate typical girder torsional responses. An approximate approach is investigated for capturing the influence of girder web distortion on composite I-girder responses. A key focus of this research is the development of prototype methods for simulating the construction of curved steel I-girder bridges, including erection of the steel and staged casting of the slab. The resulting capabilities allow engineers to evaluate the deflections, reactions and/or stresses at different stages of the steel erection or concrete slab construction, determine required crane capacities, tie-down, jacking or come-along forces, and calculate incremental displacements due to removal of temporary supports. Also, the capabilities can be used to determine the influence of different steel detailing methods on the bridge geometry, such as the web plumbness under the steel or total dead load. Key requirements necessary to ensure accuracy of the analysis results are addressed.

Download or read book 3 D Finite Element Modeling in OpenSees for Bridge Live load Girder Distribution Factors written by Luke A. Scoggins and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A generalized, three-dimensional, finite element bridge model was created in order to efficiently and accurately assess live-load girder distribution factors for a variety of bridge types. This model shortens the time required by bridge analysts to develop individual finite element models for bridges of varying geometries. The creation of the generalized bridge model was based on previous modeling techniques successfully implemented and tested by different researchers. The proposed modeling scheme utilizes a combination of shell elements for the deck, frame elements for the girders, and rigid beam links connecting these two element types. The versatility of the finite element program, OpenSees, allowed for the creation of this generalized bridge model. The Tcl scripting language, used to define the analysis for implementation in OpenSees, enhances the capabilities of generalizing the truck types and loading procedures for analysis. The generalized finite element bridge model developed for use in OpenSees was validated through comparison to two bridges analyzed by field testing and finite element modeling in a previous research study. The girder distribution factors of these conventionally reinforced concrete bridges were determined with the generalized bridge model and compared to the results of the previous research and to factors determined with the AASHTO LRFD (2003) specification. The results determined with the generalized model compared well with the results of the previous study and effectively validated the model. Factors evaluated with AASHTO LRFD (2003) were shown to be generally conservative. The generalized bridge model was found to accurately and efficiently evaluate live-load girder distribution factors and could prove useful to economically rate a large number of bridges.

Download or read book Guidelines for Analysis Methods and Construction Engineering of Curved and Skewed Steel Girder Bridges written by and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 2012 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 725: Guidelines for Analysis Methods and Construction Engineering of Curved and Skewed Steel Girder Bridges offers guidance on the appropriate level of analysis needed to determine the constructability and constructed geometry of curved and skewed steel girder bridges. When appropriate in lieu of a 3D analysis, the guidelines also introduce improvements to 1D and 2D analyses that require little additional computational costs."--Publication information.

Download or read book Design Guidelines for Steel Trapezoidal Box Girder Systems written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Finite Element Analysis of the Wolf Creek Multispan Curved Girder Bridge written by John C. Lydzinski and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of curved girder bridges in highway construction has grown steadily during the last 40 years. Today, roughly 25% of newly constructed bridges have a curved alignment. Curved girder bridges have numerous complicating geometric features that distinguish them from bridges on a straight alignment. Most notable of these features is that longitudinal bending and torsion do not decouple. Although considerable research has been conducted into curved girder bridges, and many of the fundamental aspects of girder and plate behavior have been explored, further research into the behavior and modeling of these bridges as a whole is warranted. This study developed two finite element models for the Wolf Creek Bridge, a four-plate girder bridge located in Bland County, Virginia. Both models were constructed using plate elements in ANSYS, which permits both beam and plate behavior of the girders to be reproduced. A series of convergence studies were conducted to validate the level of discretization employed in the final model. The first model employs a rigid pier assumption that is common to many design studies. A large finite element model of the bridge piers was constructed to estimate the actual pier stiffness and dynamic characteristics. The pier natural frequencies were found to be in the same range as the lower frequencies, indicating that coupling of pier and superstructure motion is important. A simplified "frame-type" pier model was constructed to approximate the pier stiffness and mass distribution with many fewer degrees of freedom than the original pier model, and this simplified model was introduced into the superstructure model. The resulting bridge model has significantly different natural frequencies and mode shapes than the original rigid pier model. Differences are particularly noticeable in the combined vertical bending/torsion modes, suggesting that accurate models of curved girder bridges should include pier flexibility. The model has been retained for use as a numerical test bed to compare with field vibration data and for subsequent studies on live load distribution in curved girder bridges. The study recommends consideration of the use of the finite element method as an analysis tool in the design of curved girder bridge structures and the incorporation of pier flexibility in the analysis.

Download or read book Steel Box Girder Bridges written by and published by Thomas Telford Publishing. This book was released on 1973 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Dynamic Analysis and Testing of a Curved Girder Bridge written by Matthew R. Tilley and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As a result of increasing highway construction and expansion, a corresponding need to increase traffic capacity in heavily populated areas, and ever-increasing constraints on available land for transportation use, there has been an increasing demand for alignment geometries and bridge configurations that result in more efficient use of available space. As a result of this demand, there has been a steady increase in the use of curved girder bridges over the past 30 years. Despites extensive research relating to the behavior of these types of structures, a thorough understanding of curved girder bridge response, especially relating to dynamic behavior, is still incomplete. To develop an improved, rational set of design guidelines, the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) initiated the Curved Steel Bridge Research Project in 1992. As part of this project, FHWA constructed a full-scale model of a curved steel girder bridge at its Turner-Fairbank Structures Laboratory. This full-scale model made it possible to conduct numerous tests and collect a significant amount of data relating to the static behavior of a curved girder bridge. However, relatively little information has been available on the dynamic response of curved girder bridges and this type of information is needed before a complete design specification can be developed. The objective of this study was to develop a finite element model using SAP2000 that could be used for predicting and evaluating the dynamic response of a curved girder bridge. Models of the FHWA curved girder bridge were developed using both beam and shell elements and response information compared with experimental data and with analytical data from other finite element codes. The experimental data were obtained during dynamic testing of the full-scale bridge in the Turner-Fairbank Structures Laboratory and analytical response information was provided from finite element models of the bridge using ANSYS and ABAQUS. The primary focus of the study was the prediction of frequencies and mode shapes of the full-scale curved girder both with and without a deck. Both experimental and analytical frequencies and mode shapes were calculated and compared. Although the more refined ANSYS and ABAQUS models provided response data that compared more favorably with the experimental data, the SAP2000 models were found to be more than adequate for predicting the lower modes and frequencies of the bridge.

Download or read book Dynamic Three dimensional Finite Element Analysis of Steel Transportation Structures written by John N. Paulson and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Parametric Study Using Finite Element Analysis Software to Determine the Behavior of the Components of a NCDOT Deck Girder Bridge in Stanly County written by Garrett Leonard Overcash and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To facilitate a parametric study on a 1 06' -0" span NCDOT deck girder bridge in Stanly County, N.C., Larsa[TradeMark] 2000 4th Dimension for Bridges and Ansys[TradeMark] finite element (FE) software was employed. The behavior of the deck girders themselves and the steel components used to connect them as a unit was investigated. The steel connector plates and the steel diaphragms were found to transmit forces that were considered acceptable when compared to design criteria. The camber and initial pre-construction deck girder stresses were validated using Larsa[TradeMark] and were found to coincide with NCDOT design predictions and results from actual instrumentation during bridge load testing. Ansys[TradeMark] FE software was used to model the entire deck girder bridge and all associated components. Truck live loads were placed on the bridge model to determine live load distribution and to facilitate the parametric study. The results of the parametric study indicated that the spacing and the number of steel plate connectors should not be increased to 10' -0" in future deck girder bridge designs. The steel diaphragms were found to influence live load distribution to a large degree. The removal of the steel diaphragms was found to increase the plate stress in the transverse direction, to a larger degree than the plate spacing increase. The stress values from the FE model were adjusted to reflect differences from the actual bridge load test and the FE model. The large steel plate stress increase indicated that removing the diaphragms is not a design alternative. The tensile stress exceeds the stress amount that would cause connection yielding, when compared to the laboratory tested connection capacity (Mock, 2007). The integral end-bent was also found to cause significant fixity at the deck girder ends, thus requiring negative moment reinforcing.

Download or read book Report written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 764 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Engineering for Structural Stability in Bridge Construction written by Federal Highway Federal Highway Administration and published by . This book was released on 2020-07-19 with total page 669 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This manual is intended to serve as a reference. It will provide technical information which will enable Manual users to perform the following activities:Describe typical erection practices for girder bridge superstructures and recognize critical construction stagesDiscuss typical practices for evaluating structural stability of girder bridge superstructures during early stages of erection and throughout bridge constructionExplain the basic concepts of stability and why it is important in bridge erection* Explain common techniques for performing advanced stability analysis along with their advantages and limitationsDescribe how differing construction sequences effect superstructure stabilityBe able to select appropriate loads, load combinations, and load factors for use in analyzing superstructure components during constructionBe able to analyze bridge members at various stages of erection* Develop erection plans that are safe and economical, and know what information is required and should be a part of those plansDescribe the differences between local, member and global (system) stability

Download or read book Three Dimensional Finite Element Programs for Pavement Analysis Introduction appendix 1 written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: