Download or read book Roundabouts written by Lee August Rodegerdts and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 2010 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 672: Roundabouts: An Informational Guide - Second Edition explores the planning, design, construction, maintenance, and operation of roundabouts. The report also addresses issues that may be useful in helping to explain the trade-offs associated with roundabouts. This report updates the U.S. Federal Highway Administration's Roundabouts: An Informational Guide, based on experience gained in the United States since that guide was published in 2000.

Download or read book Longitudinal Data Analysis written by Donald Hedeker and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-05-12 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Longitudinal data analysis for biomedical and behavioral sciences This innovative book sets forth and describes methods for the analysis of longitudinaldata, emphasizing applications to problems in the biomedical and behavioral sciences. Reflecting the growing importance and use of longitudinal data across many areas of research, the text is designed to help users of statistics better analyze and understand this type of data. Much of the material from the book grew out of a course taught by Dr. Hedeker on longitudinal data analysis. The material is, therefore, thoroughly classroom tested and includes a number of features designed to help readers better understand and apply the material. Statistical procedures featured within the text include: * Repeated measures analysis of variance * Multivariate analysis of variance for repeated measures * Random-effects regression models (RRM) * Covariance-pattern models * Generalized-estimating equations (GEE) models * Generalizations of RRM and GEE for categorical outcomes Practical in their approach, the authors emphasize the applications of the methods, using real-world examples for illustration. Some syntax examples are provided, although the authors do not generally focus on software in this book. Several datasets and computer syntax examples are posted on this title's companion Web site. The authors intend to keep the syntax examples current as new versions of the software programs emerge. This text is designed for both undergraduate and graduate courses in longitudinal data analysis. Instructors can take advantage of overheads and additional course materials available online for adopters. Applied statisticians in biomedicine and the social sciences can also use the book as a convenient reference.

Download or read book Guide for Pavement Friction written by and published by AASHTO. This book was released on 2008 with total page 87 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report contains guidelines and recommendations for managing and designing for friction on highway pavements. The contents of this report will be of interest to highway materials, construction, pavement management, safety, design, and research engineers, as well as others concerned with the friction and related surface characteristics of highway pavements.

Download or read book Median Cross section Design for Rural Divided Highways written by Jerry L. Graham (Verkehrsingenieur.) and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 794: Median Cross-Section Design for Rural Divided Highways provides guidelines for designing typical cross-sections for medians on new and existing rural freeways and divided highways."--Publisher's description.

Download or read book A Policy on Design Standards interstate System written by and published by Aashto. This book was released on 2005 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Safety Performance Functions for Intersections on Highways Maintained by the Virginia Department of Transportation written by Nicholas J. Garber and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, significant effort and money have been invested through research and implemented safety projects to enhance highway safety in Virginia. However, there is still substantial room for improvement in both crash frequency and severity. As there are limits in the available funds for safety improvements, it is crucial that allocated resources for safety improvement be spent at highway locations that will result in the maximum safety benefits. In addition, intersection crashes play a significant role in the safety conditions in Virginia. For example, crashes at intersections in Virginia for the period 2003 through 2007 account for 43.8% of all crashes and 26% of fatal crashes. Therefore, identifying intersections for safety improvements that will give the highest potential for crash reduction when appropriate safety countermeasures are implemented will have a significant impact on the overall safety performance of roads in Virginia. The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) has developed a procedure for identifying highway locations that have the highest potential for crash reduction (ITT Corporation, 2008). A critical component of this method is the use of safety performance functions (SPFs) to determine the potential for crash reductions at a location. An SPF is a mathematical relationship (model) between frequency of crashes by severity and the most significant causal factors on a specific highway. Although the SafetyAnalyst User's Manual presents several SPFs for intersections, these were developed using data from Minnesota. FHWA also suggested that if feasible, each state should develop its own SPFs based on crash and traffic volume data from the state, as the SPFs that are based on Minnesota data may not adequately represent the crash characteristics in all states. SPFs for intersections in Virginia were developed using the annual average daily traffic as the most significant causal factor, emulating the SPFs currently suggested by SafetyAnalyst. The SPFs were developed for both total crashes and combined fatal plus injury crashes through generalized linear modeling using a negative binomial distribution. Models were also developed for urban and rural intersections separately, and in order to account for the different topographies in Virginia, SPFs were also developed for three regions: Northern, Western, and Eastern. This report covers Phases I and II of the study, which includes urban and rural intersections maintained by VDOT. Statistical comparisons of the models based on Minnesota data with those based on the Virginia data showed that the specific models developed for Virginia fit the Virginia crash data better. The report recommends that VDOT's Traffic Engineering Division use the SPFs developed for Virginia and the specific regional SPFs suggested in this report to prioritize the locations in need of safety improvement.

Download or read book Roadside Design Guide written by American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. Task Force for Roadside Safety and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Development of Safety Performance Functions for Two lane Roads Maintained by the Virginia Department of Transportation written by Nicholas J. Garber and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, significant effort and money have been invested to enhance highway safety. As available funds decrease, the allocation of resources for safety improvement projects must yield the maximum possible return on investment. Identifying highway locations that have the highest potential for crash reduction with the implementation of effective safety countermeasures is therefore an important first step in achieving the maximum return on safety investment. This study was undertaken to develop safety performance functions (SPFs) for use in Virginia in conjunction with SafetyAnalyst, a computerized analytical tool that can be used for prioritizing safety projects. A safety performance function is a mathematical relationship (model) between frequency of crashes by severity and the most significant causal factors of crashes for a specific type of road. Although the SafetyAnalyst User's Manual recommends four SPFs for two-lane segments, these SPFs were developed using data from Ohio. Because the transferability of these SPFs to other states could not be guaranteed by the developers of the four recommended SPFs, it is necessary to calibrate or develop valid SPFs for each state using appropriate data from the state. In this study, annual average daily traffic (AADT) was used as the most significant causal factor for crashes, emulating the SPFs currently suggested by Safety Analyst. SPFs for two-lane roads in Virginia were developed for total crashes and combined fatal plus injury crashes through generalized linear modeling using a negative binomial distribution for the crashes. Models were developed for urban and rural areas separately, and in order to account for the different topographies in Virginia, SPFs were also separately developed for three regions in Virginia. A total of 139,635 sites were identified for use in this study. Each site is a segment of a rural or urban two-lane road without an intersection for which AADT data were available for the years 2003 through 2007 inclusive and no change in facility type had occurred over that period. A comparative analysis based on the Freeman-Tukey R2 coefficient was then conducted between the relevant Ohio SPFs suggested for use in the SafetyAnalyst User's Manual and those specifically developed in this study for Virginia to determine which set of models better fit the Virginia data. In general, the results indicated that the SPFs specifically developed for Virginia fit the Virginia data better. The final step in this methodology was to illustrate the value of SPFs developed through an analysis of sample sites and the need of the sites for safety improvement based on SPFs as compared to crash rates. The results indicated that prioritization using the empirical Bayes method that incorporates the SPFs resulted in a higher potential for reduction in crashes than did prioritization using crash rates. The effective use of SafetyAnalyst will facilitate the identification of sites with a high potential for safety improvement, which, in turn, with the implementation of appropriate safety improvements, will result in a considerable reduction in crashes and their severity.

Download or read book Observational Before after Studies in Road Safety Estimating the Effect of Highway and Traffic Engineering Measures on Road Safety written by Ezra Hauer and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Access Management on Crossroads in the Vicinity of Interchanges written by Marc A. Butorac and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 2004 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Synthesis 332: Access Management on Crossroads in the Vicinity of Interchanges examines current practices relating to access location and design on crossroads in the vicinity of interchanges. It identifies standards and strategies used on new interchanges and on the retrofit of existing interchanges.

Download or read book Managing Speed written by and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 1998 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: TRB Special Report 254 - Managing Speed: Review of Current Practices for Setting and Enforcing Speed Limits reviews practices for setting and enforcing speed limits on all types of roads and provides guidance to state and local governments on appropriate methods of setting speed limits and related enforcement strategies. Following an executive summary, the report is presented in six chapters and five appendices.

Download or read book The Art of Regression Modeling in Road Safety written by Ezra Hauer and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-10-07 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique book explains how to fashion useful regression models from commonly available data to erect models essential for evidence-based road safety management and research. Composed from techniques and best practices presented over many years of lectures and workshops, The Art of Regression Modeling in Road Safety illustrates that fruitful modeling cannot be done without substantive knowledge about the modeled phenomenon. Class-tested in courses and workshops across North America, the book is ideal for professionals, researchers, university professors, and graduate students with an interest in, or responsibilities related to, road safety. This book also: · Presents for the first time a powerful analytical tool for road safety researchers and practitioners · Includes problems and solutions in each chapter as well as data and spreadsheets for running models and PowerPoint presentation slides · Features pedagogy well-suited for graduate courses and workshops including problems, solutions, and PowerPoint presentations · Equips readers to perform all analyses on a spreadsheet without requiring mastery of complex and costly software · Emphasizes understanding without esoteric mathematics · Makes assumptions visible and explains their role and consequences

Download or read book A Guide for Achieving Flexibility in Highway Design written by and published by AASHTO. This book was released on 2004 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Context-sensitive solutions (CSS) reflect the need to consider highway projects as more than just transportation facilities. Depending on how highway projects are integrated into the community, they can have far-reaching impacts beyond their traffic or transportation function. CSS is a comprehensive process that brings stakeholders together in a positive, proactive environment to develop projects that not only meet transportation needs, but also improve or enhance the community. Achieving a flexible, context-sensitive design solution requires designers to fully understand the reasons behind the processes, design values, and design procedures that are used. This AASHTO Guide shows highway designers how to think flexibly, how to recognize the many choices and options they have, and how to arrive at the best solution for the particular situation or context. It also strives to emphasize that flexible design does not necessarily entail a fundamentally new design process, but that it can be integrated into the existing transportation culture. This publication represents a major step toward institutionalizing CSS into state transportation departments and other agencies charged with transportation project development.

Download or read book Guidelines for Design and Operation of Nighttime Traffic Control for Highway Maintenance and Construction written by James E. Bryden and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 2002 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book User and Non user Benefit Analysis for Highways written by and published by American Association of State Highway & Transportation Officials. This book was released on 2010-01-01 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This document updates and expands the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) User Benefit Analysis for Highways, also known as the Red Book. This AASHTO publication helps state and local transportation planning authorities evaluate the economic benefits of highway improvements. This update incorporates improvements in user-benefit calculation methods and, for the first time, provides guidance for evaluating important non-user impacts of highways. Previous editions of the Red Book provided guidance regarding user benefit measurement only. This update provides a framework for project evaluations that accurately account for both user and non-user benefits. The manual and accompanying CD-ROM provide a valuable resource for people who analyze the benefits and costs of highway projects.

Download or read book Statistical Methods and Highway Safety Performance written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "TRB's Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 2515, explores 15 papers related to statistical methods and highway safety performance, including: Multivariate Full Bayesian Hot Spot Identification and Ranking: New Technique; Modeling Crash Rates for a Mountainous Highway by Using Refined-Scale Panel Data; Exploring Piecewise Linear Effects of Crash Contributing Factors with a Novel Poisson-Mixed Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines Model; Classification of Gaps at Uncontrolled Intersections and Midblock Crossings Using Support Vector Machines; Safety Impacts of a Statewide Centerline Rumble Strip Installation Program; Evaluation of the Safety Effectiveness of the Conversion of Two-Lane Roadways to Four-Lane Divided Roadways: Bayesian Versus Empirical Bayes; Is Horizontal Curvature a Significant Factor of Safety in Rural Multilane Highways?; Developing Calibration Factors for Crash Prediction Models with Consideration of Crash Recording Threshold Change; Empirical Bayes Before-After Study on Safety Effect of Narrow Pavement Widening Projects in Texas; Transferability and Calibration of Highway Safety Manual Performance Functions and Development of New Models for Urban Four-Lane Divided Roads in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Safety Analysis of Freeway Segments with Random Parameters; Strength of the Variable: Calculating and Evaluating Safety Performance Function Calibration Factors for the State of Ohio; Statistical Evaluation of Different Sample Sizes for Local Calibration Process in the Highway Safety Manual; Results and Lessons from Local Calibration Process of the Highway Safety Manual for the State of Maryland; Validation Technique Applied to Oregon Safety Performance Function Arterial Segment Models." -- Publisher's description

Download or read book Development of Incident Data Collection Standards for Virginia Department of Transportation Freeway Operations written by Brian L. Smith and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effective management of incidents is necessary in order to maintain efficient freeway operations. Within the Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT), there are a number of units responsible for supporting incident management. These groups collect data describing the incidents they manage in order to facilitate real-time coordination and to allow for post-event analysis to improve incident management practices. However, the units generally collect different data elements and describe incident characteristics in different ways. This significantly reduces the value of these data. The purpose of this research project was to develop statewide incident data collection standards for use in VDOT freeway operations. The standard developed in this research includes the following 15 data elements: Unique ID, Incident Type, Incident Severity, General Description, Agencies Responding, Reversible High-Occupancy Vehicle Facility State, Lanes Closed, Route, Nearest Mile Marker, City or County, Direction, Start Time, End Time, Video Coverage, and Detection Source. This standard is beneficial in that it supports regional and statewide coordination of incident management and fully supports the incident management performance measures recently adopted by VDOT's Statewide Incident Management Committee. Furthermore, the VDOT standard is shown to comply with national intelligent transportation systems standards related to incident management. Risks of implementing the standard include a possible increase in data entry requirements and the potential need to modify software and databases slightly at some of VDOT's transportation management systems.