Download or read book Development of Rat Head Finite Element Model and Tissue Level Biomechanical Threshold for Traumatic Axonal Injury written by Runzhou Zhou and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The white matter tissues with highly aligned axonal fibers were modeled with transversely isotropic materials to simulate impact direction-dependent injury in the brain. The rat head/body model was validated against in vivo rodent dynamic cortical deformation, brain-skull displacement, and head impact acceleration experimental data. A series of FE parametric studies were conducted to identify various biomechanical factors contributing to the variability of injury severity observed among experiments and across different labs. The FE rat model simulated in vivo TAI in rat brains from closed-head impact acceleration experiments. The correlation of the local biomechanical parameter map with the severity and extent of axonal injury map at tissue levels was established. This improved our understanding of tissue-level injury mechanism for white matter injury. The tissue level thresholds for white matter injury was established by logistic regression analysis. The localized severe TAI in cerebral white matter (corpus callosum region) was best predicted by intracranial pressure (81 kPa) and maximum principal strain (0.26), while the white matter tracts in the brainstem (pyramidal tracts) were best predicted by localized maximum principal strain (0.18) response. The tissue level thresholds developed from this study can be directly translated to the FE human head model. This information will enhance the capability of the human head model in predicting brain injury.
Download or read book Sports Related Concussions in Youth written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2014-02-04 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past decade, few subjects at the intersection of medicine and sports have generated as much public interest as sports-related concussions - especially among youth. Despite growing awareness of sports-related concussions and campaigns to educate athletes, coaches, physicians, and parents of young athletes about concussion recognition and management, confusion and controversy persist in many areas. Currently, diagnosis is based primarily on the symptoms reported by the individual rather than on objective diagnostic markers, and there is little empirical evidence for the optimal degree and duration of physical rest needed to promote recovery or the best timing and approach for returning to full physical activity. Sports-Related Concussions in Youth: Improving the Science, Changing the Culture reviews the science of sports-related concussions in youth from elementary school through young adulthood, as well as in military personnel and their dependents. This report recommends actions that can be taken by a range of audiences - including research funding agencies, legislatures, state and school superintendents and athletic directors, military organizations, and equipment manufacturers, as well as youth who participate in sports and their parents - to improve what is known about concussions and to reduce their occurrence. Sports-Related Concussions in Youth finds that while some studies provide useful information, much remains unknown about the extent of concussions in youth; how to diagnose, manage, and prevent concussions; and the short- and long-term consequences of concussions as well as repetitive head impacts that do not result in concussion symptoms. The culture of sports negatively influences athletes' self-reporting of concussion symptoms and their adherence to return-to-play guidance. Athletes, their teammates, and, in some cases, coaches and parents may not fully appreciate the health threats posed by concussions. Similarly, military recruits are immersed in a culture that includes devotion to duty and service before self, and the critical nature of concussions may often go unheeded. According to Sports-Related Concussions in Youth, if the youth sports community can adopt the belief that concussions are serious injuries and emphasize care for players with concussions until they are fully recovered, then the culture in which these athletes perform and compete will become much safer. Improving understanding of the extent, causes, effects, and prevention of sports-related concussions is vitally important for the health and well-being of youth athletes. The findings and recommendations in this report set a direction for research to reach this goal.
Download or read book Biomechanics of Traumatic Brain Injury in the Infant written by Michael Thomas Prange and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Using Finite Element Modeling to Analyze Injury Thresholds of Traumatic Brain Injury from written by Anna Marie Dulaney and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 89 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A finite element model was developed for a range of human head-sUAS impacts to provide multiple case scenarios of impact severity at two response regions of interest: global and local. The hypothesis was that for certain impact scenarios, local response injuries of the brain (frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal lobes, and cerebellum) have a higher severity level compared to global response injury, the response at the Center of Gravity (CG) of the head. This study is the first one to predict and quantify the influence of impact parameters such as impact velocity, location, offset, and angle of impact to severity of injury. The findings show that an sUAS has the potential of causing minimal harm under certain impact scenarios, while other scenarios cause fatal injuries. Additionally, results indicate that the human head’s global response as a less viable response region of interest when measuring injury severity for clinical diagnosis. It is hoped that the results from this research can be useful to assist decision making for treatments and may offer different perspectives in sUAS designs or operation environments.
Download or read book A Finite Element Head Injury Model Volume I Theory Development and Results Final Report written by T. A. Shugar and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Intracranial Pressure and Brain Monitoring XII written by Wai S. Poon and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-12-19 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 88 short papers originating from the 12th International Symposium on Intracranial Pressure and Brain Monitoring held in August 2004 in Hong Kong present experimental as well as clinical research data on invasive and non-invasive intracranial pressure and brain biochemistry monitoring. The papers have undergone a peer-reviewing and are organized in nine sections: ICP management in head injury, neurochemical monitoring, intracranial hypertension, neuroimaging, hydrocephalus, clinical trails, experimental studies, brain compliance and biophysics.
Download or read book A Finite Element Head Injury Model Theory development and results written by T. A. Shugar and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Traumatic Brain Injury in the Developing Rat written by Mayumi Lynn Prins and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Neural Tissue Biomechanics written by Lynne E. Bilston and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-07-23 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Damage to the central nervous system resulting from pathological mechanical loading can occur as a result of trauma or disease. Such injuries lead to significant disability and mortality. The peripheral nervous system, while also subject to injury from trauma and disease, also transduces physiological loading to give rise to sensation, and mechanotransduction is also thought to play a role in neural development and growth. This book gives a complete and quantitative description of the fundamental mechanical properties of neural tissues, and their responses to both physiological and pathological loading. This book reviews the methods used to characterize the nonlinear viscoelastic properties of central and peripheral neural tissues, and the mathematical and sophisticated computational models used to describe this behaviour. Mechanisms and models of neural injury from both trauma and disease are reviewed from the molecular to macroscopic scale. The book provides a comprehensive picture of the mechanical and biological response of neural tissues to the full spectrum of mechanical loading to which they are exposed. This book provides a comprehensive reference for professionals involved in pre prevention of injury to the nervous system, whether this arises from trauma or disease.
Download or read book An Embedded Element Based Human Head Model to Investigate Axonal Injury written by Venkata Garimella and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traumatic brain injury is a significant public health problem in the world. Axonal injury is a type of mechanism of traumatic brain injury primarily characterized by damage to the axons. Enhanced understanding of the axonal deformation during a mechanical impact may facilitate a better understanding of the short and long-term sequela. The objective of this dissertation is to develop, validate and employ a multiscale model of the axonal fiber tracts that simulates the white matter of the brain and can be used to investigate the evolution of axonal damage under injurious loading conditions. An axonal fiber tract consists of hundreds or thousands of axons aligned together, which can experience mechanical deformation under a non-physiological loading such as impact and blast loading. To model axonal injury, we developed a new embedded element based head model using an explicit description of the diffusion tensor magnetic resonance tractography. This approach enables us to resolve the complex mechanical response of the axonal fibers during injurious loading conditions. The most promising aspect of this modeling approach is the capability of modeling the fiber tracts explicitly in a traditional finite element head model. This model was validated against experimental results followed by an in-depth finite element analysis. Upon subjecting to impact and blast loading conditions, the model revealed some new insights into the evolution of the axonal injury. The model was subsequently improved in terms of anatomical resolution and material complexity. We have also made theoretical improvements to the embedded element technique and developed an open source finite element library in this direction. Finally, we examined the potential extension of this embedded element technique into a multiphysics domain such as electro-physics.
Download or read book Modeling the Biodynamical Response of the Human Head for Injury Analysis written by Danielle N. George and published by . This book was released on 2001-09-01 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this study is to develop a finite element model of the human head and neck to investigate the biomechanics of head injury. The finite element model is a two-dimensional, plane strain representation of the cervical spine, skull, and major components of the brain including the cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stem, tentorium and the surrounding cerebral spinal fluid. The dynamic response of the model is validated by comparison with the results of human volunteer sled acceleration experiments conducted by Ewing et al. 10 . To validate the head model, one of the head impact experiments performed on cadavers by Nahum et al. 24, is simulated. The model responses are compared with the measured cadaveric test data in terms of head acceleration, and intracranial pressures measured at four locations including the coup and contrecoup sites. The validated model is used to demonstrate that the Head Injury Criterion (HIC), which is based on resultant translational acceleration of the center of gravity of the head, does not relate to the various mechanisms of brain injury and is therefore insufficient in predicting brain injury.
Download or read book Frontiers in Head and Neck Trauma written by Narayan Yoganandan and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 1998 with total page 770 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Responding to the trend toward sustainable living, "Recipes and Tips for Sustainable Living" helps you make delicious food using natural ingredients. Inside this lushly illustrated volume, you'll find: Tips and techniques to grow and harvest natural, organic foods in and around your home. More than 80 mouth-watering recipes for cooking those ingredients. Tips on preservation and storage of your harvest. Health benefits of natural, organic ingredients. Chapters cover: Gardening - Heirloom gardening, container gardening, herbs and preserving. Beyond the Garden - Foraging, beekeeping, poultry and eggs. Wood and Water - Venison, wild turkey, duck, quail, small game, seafood and fish.
Download or read book Traumatic Brain and Spinal Cord Injury written by Cristina Morganti-Kossmann and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-07-19 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents the most up-to-date clinical and experimental research in neurotrauma in an illustrated, accessible, comprehensive volume.
Download or read book Concussion and Traumatic Encephalopathy written by Jeff Victoroff and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-02-28 with total page 895 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Readers will discover how very recent scientific advances have overthrown a century of dogma about concussive brain injury.
Download or read book Advances in Brain Mechanics written by Silvia Budday and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-02-04 with total page 185 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Correlation of Skull Deformation and Brain Biomechanics Under Blunt Impacts written by Hesam Moghaddam and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major health concern as about 2.9 million people TBI in the United States every year. Fall, accidents, and sports are major causes of impact induce TBI. While many finite element (FE) head models have been developed to understand the biomechanics of TBI under impact, the majority of them have overlooked the effect of skull deformation on the biomechanical responses of brain during blunt impacts. To this end, a FE study was carried out to investigate the correlation of skull deformation with brainu2019s tissue responses under blunt impact. North Dakota State University Finite Element Head Model (NDSUFEHM) was used to investigate the pressure and stress responses of the brain under different impact conditions. The impacts were carried out at a 45o-tilted orientation using two different impact velocity, 10 m/s and 13 m/s, which resulted in a total of two different impact scenarios. LS-Dyna nonlinear FE solver and LS-PrePost were employed to perform all simulations, record data and visualize results. Specifically, the intracranial pressure (ICP), maximum shear stress (MSS), were recorded and analyzed for two different impact velocities. These biomechanical responses were recorded at different locations on and inside the brain to starting from the impact site (coup) to the opposite site (countercoup). This was done to analyze the variations of ICP and MSS through the brain in order to understand the role of these parameters in injury mechanisms. The impact severity was shown to have more effect on the level of pressure response while its effect on peak MSS was not much. ICP variation was linear between coup and countercoup sites. It was observed that unlike pressure, shear stress traveled slower through the brain tissue. Our findings suggested that using only one biomechanical parameter canu2019t justify the fidelity of the FE head models.
Download or read book Accidental Injury written by Narayan Yoganandan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-11-17 with total page 855 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a state-of-the-art look at the applied biomechanics of accidental injury and prevention. The editors, Drs. Narayan Yoganandan, Alan M. Nahum and John W. Melvin are recognized international leaders and researchers in injury biomechanics, prevention and trauma medicine. They have assembled renowned researchers as authors for 29 chapters to cover individual aspects of human injury assessment and prevention. This third edition is thoroughly revised and expanded with new chapters in different fields. Topics covered address automotive, aviation, military and other environments. Field data collection; injury coding/scaling; injury epidemiology; mechanisms of injury; human tolerance to injury; simulations using experimental, complex computational models (finite element modeling) and statistical processes; anthropomorphic test device design, development and validation for crashworthiness applications in topics cited above; and current regulations are covered. Risk functions and injury criteria for various body regions are included. Adult and pediatric populations are addressed. The exhaustive list of references in many areas along with the latest developments is valuable to all those involved or intend to pursue this important topic on human injury biomechanics and prevention. The expanded edition will interest a variety of scholars and professionals including physicians, biomedical researchers in many disciplines, basic scientists, attorneys and jurists involved in accidental injury cases and governmental bodies. It is hoped that this book will foster multidisciplinary collaborations by medical and engineering researchers and academicians and practicing physicians for injury assessment and prevention and stimulate more applied research, education and training in the field of accidental-injury causation and prevention.
