Download or read book Development of pavement blocks using waste PET bottles written by Ike Skie Bee Tuffour and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2016-07-25 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bachelor Thesis from the year 2016 in the subject Chemistry - Materials Chemistry, , course: Chemistry, language: English, abstract: The use of waste plastics in concrete pavement block is a partial solution to the environmental and ecological challenges associated with the use of plastics. The aim of this research is to reduce environmental pollution by using waste PET bottles to produce pavement blocks. In this study, Voltic bottles were first used to replace cement in the production of pavement blocks. The polymeric material was first shredded and melted in an aluminum container at a temperature range of 250 oC - 260 oC and the quarry dust and sand were added in their respective ratios. In another set of studies, the waste Voltic bottles were used as a partial replacement for quarry dust in the manufacturing of pavement blocks. The cleaned waste plastics bottles were first cut into flakes and then incorporated into the concrete mixture. Test conducted involved the effect of sulphuric acid on the weight of pavement, its water absorption and compressive strength. In the first studies, when PET bottles were used to replace cement, the results obtained had the compressive strength almost the same as that of the control sample which contain no plastic. The percentage water absorbed was less and it also had good resistance for acid. In the second studies when PET was used to replace quarry dust partially, the compressive strength was a little bit lower than the control. Its water absorption was less and it also had good resistance to acid. From the above findings, PET pavement blocks have a good strength and can therefore be used for any construction work.

Download or read book Development of Pavement Blocks Using Waste PET Bottles written by Ike Skie Bee Tuffour and published by . This book was released on 2016-08-12 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bachelor Thesis from the year 2016 in the subject Chemistry - Materials Chemistry, course: Chemistry, language: English, abstract: The use of waste plastics in concrete pavement block is a partial solution to the environmental and ecological challenges associated with the use of plastics. The aim of this research is to reduce environmental pollution by using waste PET bottles to produce pavement blocks. In this study, Voltic bottles were first used to replace cement in the production of pavement blocks. The polymeric material was first shredded and melted in an aluminum container at a temperature range of 250 C - 260 C and the quarry dust and sand were added in their respective ratios. In another set of studies, the waste Voltic bottles were used as a partial replacement for quarry dust in the manufacturing of pavement blocks. The cleaned waste plastics bottles were first cut into flakes and then incorporated into the concrete mixture. Test conducted involved the effect of sulphuric acid on the weight of pavement, its water absorption and compressive strength. In the first studies, when PET bottles were used to replace cement, the results obtained had the compressive strength almost the same as that of the control sample which contain no plastic. The percentage water absorbed was less and it also had good resistance for acid. In the second studies when PET was used to replace quarry dust partially, the compressive strength was a little bit lower than the control. Its water absorption was less and it also had good resistance to acid. From the above findings, PET pavement blocks have a good strength and can therefore be used for any construction work."

Download or read book Handbook of Recycled Concrete and Demolition Waste written by F. Pacheco-Torgal and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-09-30 with total page 671 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The civil engineering sector accounts for a significant percentage of global material and energy consumption and is a major contributor of waste material. The ability to recycle and reuse concrete and demolition waste is critical to reducing environmental impacts in meeting national, regional and global environmental targets. Handbook of recycled concrete and demolition waste summarises key recent research in achieving these goals.Part one considers techniques for managing construction and demolition waste, including waste management plans, ways of estimating levels of waste, the types and optimal location of waste recycling plants and the economics of managing construction and demolition waste. Part two reviews key steps in handling construction and demolition waste. It begins with a comparison between conventional demolition and construction techniques before going on to discuss the preparation, refinement and quality control of concrete aggregates produced from waste. It concludes by assessing the mechanical properties, strength and durability of concrete made using recycled aggregates. Part three includes examples of the use of recycled aggregates in applications such as roads, pavements, high-performance concrete and alkali-activated or geopolymer cements. Finally, the book discusses environmental and safety issues such as the removal of gypsum, asbestos and alkali-silica reaction (ASR) concrete, as well as life-cycle analysis of concrete with recycled aggregates.Handbook of recycled concrete and demolition waste is a standard reference for all those involved in the civil engineering sector, as well as academic researchers in the field. - Summarises key recent research in recycling and reusing concrete and demolition waste to reduce environmental impacts and meet national, regional and global environmental targets - Considers techniques for managing construction and demolition waste, including waste management plans, ways of estimating levels of waste, the types and optimal location of waste recycling plants - Reviews key steps in handling construction and demolition waste

Download or read book Building from Waste written by Dirk E. Hebel and published by Birkhäuser. This book was released on 2014-09-25 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ”Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, and Recover“ is the sustainable guideline that has replaced the ”Take, Make, Waste“ attitude of the industrial age. Based on their background at the ETH Zurich and the Future Cities Laboratory in Singapore, the authors provide both a conceptual and practical look into materials and products which use waste as a renewable resource. This book introduces an inventory of current projects and building elements, ranging from marketed products, among them façade panels made of straw and self-healing concrete, to advanced research and development like newspaper, wood or jeans denim used as isolating fibres. Going beyond the mere recycling aspect of reused materials, it looks into innovative concepts of how materials usually regarded as waste can be processed into new construction elements. The products are organized along the manufacturing processes: densified, reconfigured, transformed, designed and cultivated materials. A product directory presents all materials and projects in this book according to their functional uses in construction: load-bearing, self-supporting, insulating, waterproofing and finishing products.

Download or read book Characterisation of Polymers by Thermal Analysis written by W.M. Groenewoud and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2001-05-21 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thermal Analysis (TA) has become an indispensable family of analytical techniques in the polymer research. The increased importance of these techniques can be seen as the result of three more or less parallel developments:• a tempestuous development of TA measuring techniques in combination with a high degree of automation,• the strongly increased understanding of the underlaying theory and,• the increasing knowledge of the relation between the polymers' chemical structure and their physical properties.These areas are still in their developmental stages, especially the third area. The increasing knowledge of the dependence of physical properties on chemical structure just accentuated more and more the need for accurate thermoanalytical measurements, and this knowledge is very important for the first stages of the development of new polymeric systems. Besides, the contribution of TA remains necessary for the technical and commercial development of such a new polymer system. The use of the various TA techniques in these processes is described in this book in nine chapters, while chapter ten illustrates the information obtained about different polymers during special case studies.This book illustrates in this way, applications of a wide variety of TA techniques whilst it is written from a materials characterisation rather than from a TA point of view with attention being paid to the chemical structure/physical properties correlations.

Download or read book Eco efficient Pavement Construction Materials written by F. Pacheco-Torgal and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2020-01-18 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Eco-efficient Pavement Construction Materials acquaints engineers with research findings on new eco-efficient pavement materials and how they can be incorporated into future pavements. Divided into three distinctive parts, the book emphasizes current research topics such as pavements with recycled waste, pavements for climate change mitigation, self-healing pavements, and pavements with energy harvesting potential. Part One considers techniques for recycling, Part Two reviews the contribution of pavements for climate change mitigation, including cool pavements, the development of new coatings for high albedo targets, and the design of pervious pavements. Finally, Part Three focuses on self-healing pavements, addressing novel materials and design and performance. Finally, the book discusses the case of pavements with energy harvesting potential, addressing different technologies on this field. - Offers a clear and concise lifecycle assessment of asphalt pavement recycling for greenhouse gas emission with temporal aspects - Applies key research trends to green the pavement industry - Includes techniques for recycling waste materials, the design of cool pavements, self-healing mechanisms, and key steps in energy harvesting

Download or read book Green Engineering for Campus Sustainability written by Abu Zahrim Yaser and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-04-23 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book highlights current efforts and research into achieving campus sustainability. The book start with Introduction followed by two chapters discusses best governance and practices in enhancing campus sustainability, while subsequent chapters elaborate on green building and bioenergy. In addition, the book discusses several initiatives regarding campus waste management including sewage recycling potential.

Download or read book Decision Maker s Guide to Solid Waste Management written by Philip R. O'Leary and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1999-02 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Guide has been developed particularly for solid waste management practitioners, such as local government officials, facility owners and operators, consultants, and regulatory agency specialists. Contains technical and economic information to help these practitioners meet the daily challenges of planning, managing, and operating municipal solid waste (MSW) programs and facilities. The Guide's primary goals are to encourage reduction of waste at the source and to foster implementation of integrated solid waste management systems that are cost-effective and protect human health and the environment. Illustrated.

Download or read book Sustainable Industrial Design and Waste Management written by Salah El Haggar and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2010-07-28 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sustainable Industrial Design and Waste Management was inspired by the need to have a text that enveloped awareness and solutions to the ongoing issues and concerns of waste generated from industry. The development of science and technology has increased human capacity to extract resources from nature and it is only recently that industries are being held accountable for the detrimental effects the waste they produce has on the environment. Increased governmental research, regulation and corporate accountability are digging up issues pertaining to pollution control and waste treatment and environmental protection. The traditional approach for clinical waste, agricultural waste, industrial waste, and municipal waste are depleting our natural resources. The main objective of this book is to conserve the natural resources by approaching 100 % full utilization of all types of wastes by cradle – to - cradle concepts, using Industrial Ecology methodology documented with case studies. Sustainable development and environmental protection cannot be achieved without establishing the concept of industrial ecology. The main tools necessary for establishing Industrial Ecology and sustainable development will be covered in the book. The concept of "industrial ecology will help the industrial system to be managed and operated more or less like a natural ecosystem hence causing as less damage as possible to the surrounding environment. - Numerous case studies allow the reader to adapt concepts according to personal interest/field - Reveals innovative technologies for the conservation of natural resources - The only book which provides an integrated approach for sustainable development including tools, methodology, and indicators for sustainable development

Download or read book Waste Materials Used in Concrete Manufacturing written by Satish Chandra and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1996-12-31 with total page 673 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The environmental aspects involved in the production and use of cement, concrete and other building materials are of growing importance. CO2 emissions are 0.8-1.3 ton/ton of cement production in dry process. SO2 emission is also very high, but is dependent upon the type of fuel used. Energy consumption is also very high at 100-150 KWT/ton of cement produced. It is costly to erect new cement plants. Substitution of waste materials will conserve dwindling resources, and will avoid the environmental and ecological damages caused by quarrying and exploitation of the raw materials for making cement. To some extent, it will help to solve the problem otherwise encountered in disposing of the wastes. Partial replacement of clinker or portland cement by slag, fly ash, silica fume and natural rock minerals illustrates these aspects. Partial replacement by natural materials that require little or no processing, such as pozzolans, calcined clays, etc., saves energy and decreases emission of gases. The output of waste materials suitable as cement replacement (slags, fly ashes, silica fumes, rice husk ash, etc.) is more than double that of cement production.These waste materials can partly be used, or processed, to produce materials suitable as aggregates or fillers in concrete. These can also be used as clinker raw materials, or processed into cementing systems. New grinding and mixing technology will make the use of these secondary materials simpler. Developments in chemical admixtures: superplasticizers, air entraining agents, etc., help in controlling production techniques and, in achieving the desired properties in concrete.Use of waste products is not only a partial solution to environmental and ecological problems; it significantly improves the microstructure, and consequently the durability properties of concrete, which are difficult to achieve by the use of pure portland cement. The aim is not only to make the cements and concrete less expensive, but to provide a blend of tailored properties of waste materials and portland cements suitable for specified purpose. This requires a better understanding of chemistry, and materials science.There is an increasing demand for better understanding of material properties, as well as better control of the microstructure developing in the construction material, to increase durability. The combination of different binders and modifiers to produce cheaper and more durable building materials will solve to some extent the ecological and environmental problems.

Download or read book Proceedings of SECON 2020 written by Kaustubh Dasgupta and published by Springer. This book was released on 2021-11-21 with total page 959 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gathers peer-reviewed contributions presented at the 1st International Conference on Structural Engineering and Construction Management (SECON’20), held in Angamaly, Kerala, India, on 14-15 May 2020. The meeting served as a fertile platform for discussion, sharing sound knowledge and introducing novel ideas on issues related to sustainable construction and design for the future. The respective contributions address various aspects of numerical modeling and simulation in structural engineering, structural dynamics and earthquake engineering, advanced analysis and design of foundations, BIM, building energy management, and technical project management. Accordingly, the book offers a valuable, up-to-date tool and essential overview of the subject for scientists and practitioners alike, and will inspire further investigations and research.

Download or read book Reinforced and Prestressed Concrete written by F. K. Kong and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1998-04 with total page 530 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This highly successful textbook has been comprehensively revised for two main reasons: to bring the book up-to-date and make it compatible with BS8110 1985; and to take into account the increasing use made of microcomputers in civil engineering. An important chapter on microcomputer applications has been added.

Download or read book Proceedings of the Indian Geotechnical Conference 2019 written by Satyajit Patel and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-06-04 with total page 779 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book comprises select proceedings of the annual conference of the Indian Geotechnical Society. The conference brings together research and case histories on various aspects of geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering. The book presents papers on geotechnical applications and case histories, covering topics such as (i) Characterization of Geomaterials and Physical Modelling; (ii) Foundations and Deep Excavations; (iii) Soil Stabilization and Ground Improvement; (iv) Geoenvironmental Engineering and Waste Material Utilization; (v) Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering; (vi) Earth Retaining Structures, Dams and Embankments; (vii) Slope Stability and Landslides; (viii) Transportation Geotechnics; (ix) Geosynthetics Applications; (x) Computational, Analytical and Numerical Modelling; (xi) Rock Engineering, Tunnelling and Underground Constructions; (xii) Forensic Geotechnical Engineering and Case Studies; and (xiii) Others Topics: Behaviour of Unsaturated Soils, Offshore and Marine Geotechnics, Remote Sensing and GIS, Field Investigations, Instrumentation and Monitoring, Retrofitting of Geotechnical Structures, Reliability in Geotechnical Engineering, Geotechnical Education, Codes and Standards, and other relevant topics. The contents of this book are of interest to researchers and practicing engineers alike.

Download or read book Global Waste Management Outlook written by United Nations Publications and published by UN. This book was released on 2017-03-31 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The UNEP Governing Council of February 2013 requested the United Nations Environment Programme "to develop a global outlook of challenges, trends and policies in relation to waste prevention, minimization and management, taking into account the materials life cycle, subject to the availability of extra-budgetary resources and in consultation with Governments and stakeholders, building on available data, best practices and success stories, taking into account the Global Chemicals Outlook and any other relevant initiatives and taking care not to duplicate existing information, to provide guidance for national policy planning." UNEP's International Environmental Technology Centre (IETC), in collaboration with the International Solid Waste Association (ISWA), has taken the lead on this initiative; aiming to develop the Global Waste Management Outlook as a tool to provide an authoritative overview, analysis and recommendations for action of policy instruments and financing models for waste management. The GWMO is the result of two year's work and provides the first comprehensive global overview of the state of waste management around the world in the 21st century.

Download or read book Sophie s World written by Jostein Gaarder and published by Farrar, Straus and Giroux. This book was released on 2007-03-20 with total page 599 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A page-turning novel that is also an exploration of the great philosophical concepts of Western thought, Jostein Gaarder's Sophie's World has fired the imagination of readers all over the world, with more than twenty million copies in print. One day fourteen-year-old Sophie Amundsen comes home from school to find in her mailbox two notes, with one question on each: "Who are you?" and "Where does the world come from?" From that irresistible beginning, Sophie becomes obsessed with questions that take her far beyond what she knows of her Norwegian village. Through those letters, she enrolls in a kind of correspondence course, covering Socrates to Sartre, with a mysterious philosopher, while receiving letters addressed to another girl. Who is Hilde? And why does her mail keep turning up? To unravel this riddle, Sophie must use the philosophy she is learning—but the truth turns out to be far more complicated than she could have imagined.

Download or read book Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Sustainable Waste Management through Design written by Harvinder Singh and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-10-30 with total page 616 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the latest advances, innovations and applications in the field of waste management and environmental geomechanics as presented by leading researchers, engineers and practitioners at the International Conference on Sustainable Waste Management through Design (IC_SWMD), held in Ludhiana (Punjab), India on November 2-3, 2018. Providing a unique overview of new directions, and opportunities for sustainable and resilient design approaches to protect infrastructure and the environment, it discusses diverse topics related to civil engineering and construction aspects of the resource management cycle, from the minimization of waste, through the eco-friendly re-use and processing of waste materials, the management and disposal of residual wastes, to water treatments and technologies. It also encompasses strategies for reducing construction waste through better design, improved recovery, re-use, more efficient resource management and the performance of materials recovered from wastes. The contributions were selected by means of a rigorous peer-review process and highlight many exciting ideas that will spur novel research directions and foster multidisciplinary collaboration among different waste management specialists.

Download or read book Green Infrastructure written by Rohana Hassan and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-12-05 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the meaning of green infrastructure and its concerns to the contribution of materials and applications. It explores the evolving contested material under “green infrastructure” covering timber, concrete, soil, and pavement. It discusses the resistance to the ambiguity of managing the construction of green infrastructure and drawing on wider debates around applications and processes on construction. These contributions are by no means definitive, but rather an attempt to provide a detached and holistic perspective on the engineering “green infrastructure” concept.