Download or read book Spectroscopic Ellipsometry Studies of Thin Film A Si H nc Si H Micromorph Solar Cell Fabrication in the P i n Superstrate Configuration written by Zhiquan Huang and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 467 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) is a non-invasive optical probe that is capable of accurately and precisely measuring the structure of thin films, such as their thicknesses and void volume fractions, and in addition their optical properties, typically defined by the index of refraction and extinction coefficient spectra. Because multichannel detection systems integrated into SE instrumentation have been available for some time now, the data acquisition time possible for complete SE spectra has been reduced significantly. As a result, real time spectroscopic ellipsometry (RTSE) has become feasible for monitoring thin film nucleation and growth during the deposition of thin films as well as during their removal in processes of thin film etching. Also because of the reduced acquisition time, mapping SE is possible by mounting an SE instrument with a multichannel detector onto a mechanical translation stage. Such an SE system is capable of mapping the thin film structure and its optical properties over the substrate area, and thereby evaluating the spatial uniformity of the component layers. In thin film photovoltaics, such structural and optical property measurements mapped over the substrate area can be applied to guide device optimization by correlating small area device performance with the associated local properties. In this thesis, a detailed ex-situ SE study of hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a Si:H) thin films and solar cells prepared by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) has been presented. An SE analysis procedure with step-by-step error minimization has been applied to obtain accurate measures of the structural and optical properties of the component layers of the solar cells. Growth evolution diagrams were developed as functions of the deposition parameters in PECVD for both p-type and n-type layers to characterize the regimes of accumulated thickness over which a-Si:H, hydrogenated nanocrystalline silicon (nc-Si:H) and mixed phase (a+nc)-Si:H thin films are obtained. The underlying materials for these depositions were newly-deposited intrinsic a-Si:H layers on thermal oxide coated crystalline silicon wafers, designed to simulate specific device configurations. As a result, these growth evolution diagrams can be applied to both p-i-n and n-i-p solar cell optimization. In this thesis, the n-layer growth evolution diagram expressed in terms of hydrogen dilution ratio was applied in correlations with the performance of p-i-n single junction devices in order to optimize these devices. Moreover, ex-situ mapping SE was also employed over the area of multilayer structures in order to achieve better statistics for solar cell optimization by correlating structural parameters locally with small area solar cell performance parameters. In the study of (a-Si:H p-i-n)/(nc-Si:H p-i-n) tandem solar cells, RTSE was successfully applied to monitor the fabrication of the top cell, and efforts to optimize the nanocrystalline p-layer and i-layer of the bottom cell were initiated.

Download or read book Thin Film Solar Cells written by Jef Poortmans and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-10-16 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thin-film solar cells are either emerging or about to emerge from the research laboratory to become commercially available devices finding practical various applications. Currently no textbook outlining the basic theoretical background, methods of fabrication and applications currently exist. Thus, this book aims to present for the first time an in-depth overview of this topic covering a broad range of thin-film solar cell technologies including both organic and inorganic materials, presented in a systematic fashion, by the scientific leaders in the respective domains. It covers a broad range of related topics, from physical principles to design, fabrication, characterization, and applications of novel photovoltaic devices.

Download or read book Oxide Electronics written by Asim K. Ray and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-04-12 with total page 628 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oxide Electronics Multiple disciplines converge in this insightful exploration of complex metal oxides and their functions and properties Oxide Electronics delivers a broad and comprehensive exploration of complex metal oxides designed to meet the multidisciplinary needs of electrical and electronic engineers, physicists, and material scientists. The distinguished author eschews complex mathematics whenever possible and focuses on the physical and functional properties of metal oxides in each chapter. Each of the sixteen chapters featured within the book begins with an abstract and an introduction to the topic, clear explanations are presented with graphical illustrations and relevant equations throughout the book. Numerous supporting references are included, and each chapter is self-contained, making them perfect for use both as a reference and as study material. Readers will learn how and why the field of oxide electronics is a key area of research and exploitation in materials science, electrical engineering, and semiconductor physics. The book encompasses every application area where the functional and electronic properties of various genres of oxides are exploited. Readers will also learn from topics like: Thorough discussions of High-k gate oxide for silicon heterostructure MOSFET devices and semiconductor-dielectric interfaces An exploration of printable high-mobility transparent amorphous oxide semiconductors Treatments of graphene oxide electronics, magnetic oxides, ferroelectric oxides, and materials for spin electronics Examinations of the calcium aluminate binary compound, perovoksites for photovoltaics, and oxide 2Degs Analyses of various applications for oxide electronics, including data storage, microprocessors, biomedical devices, LCDs, photovoltaic cells, TFTs, and sensors Suitable for researchers in semiconductor technology or working in materials science, electrical engineering, and physics, Oxide Electronics will also earn a place in the libraries of private industry researchers like device engineers working on electronic applications of oxide electronics. Engineers working on photovoltaics, sensors, or consumer electronics will also benefit from this book.

Download or read book Silicon written by Paul Siffert and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With topics ranging from epitaxy through lattice defects and doping to quantum computation, this book provides a personalized survey of the development and use of silicon, the basis for the revolutionary changes in our lives sometimes called "The Silicon Age." Beginning with the very first developments more than 50 years ago, this reports on all aspects of silicon and silicon technology up to its use in exciting new technologies, including a glance at possible future developments.

Download or read book Solar Cells and Modules written by Arvind Shah and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-07-16 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gives a comprehensive introduction to the field of photovoltaic (PV) solar cells and modules. In thirteen chapters, it addresses a wide range of topics including the spectrum of light received by PV devices, the basic functioning of a solar cell, and the physical factors limiting the efficiency of solar cells. It places particular emphasis on crystalline silicon solar cells and modules, which constitute today more than 90 % of all modules sold worldwide. Describing in great detail both the manufacturing process and resulting module performance, the book also touches on the newest developments in this sector, such as Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact (TOPCON) and heterojunction modules, while dedicating a major chapter to general questions of module design and fabrication. Overall, it presents the essential theoretical and practical concepts of PV solar cells and modules in an easy-to-understand manner and discusses current challenges facing the global research and development community.

Download or read book Internal Photoemission Spectroscopy written by Valeri V. Afanas'ev and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-02-22 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second edition of Internal Photoemission Spectroscopy thoroughly updates this vital, practical guide to internal photoemission (IPE) phenomena and measurements. The book's discussion of fundamental physical and technical aspects of IPE spectroscopic applications is supplemented by an extended overview of recent experimental results in swiftly advancing research fields. These include the development of insulating materials for advanced SiMOS technology, metal gate materials, development of heterostructures based on high-mobility semiconductors, and more. Recent results concerning the band structure of important interfaces in novel materials are covered as well. Internal photoemission involves the physics of charge carrier photoemission from one solid to another, and different spectroscopic applications of this phenomenon to solid state heterojunctions. This technique complements conventional external photoemission spectroscopy by analyzing interfaces separated from the sample surface by a layer of a different solid or liquid. Internal photoemission provides the most straightforward, reliable information regarding the energy spectrum of electron states at interfaces. At the same time, the method enables the analysis of heterostructures relevant to modern micro- and nano-electronic devices as well as new materials involved in their design and fabrication. - First complete model description of the internal photoemission phenomena - Overview of the most reliable energy barrier determination procedures and trap characterization methods - Overview of the most recent results on band structure of high-permittivity insulating materials and their interfaces with semiconductors and metals

Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 1038 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Nanoelectronic Materials written by Loutfy H. Madkour and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-06-27 with total page 783 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents synthesis techniques for the preparation of low-dimensional nanomaterials including 0D (quantum dots), 1D (nanowires, nanotubes) and 2D (thin films, few layers), as well as their potential applications in nanoelectronic systems. It focuses on the size effects involved in the transition from bulk materials to nanomaterials; the electronic properties of nanoscale devices; and different classes of nanomaterials from microelectronics to nanoelectronics, to molecular electronics. Furthermore, it demonstrates the structural stability, physical, chemical, magnetic, optical, electrical, thermal, electronic and mechanical properties of the nanomaterials. Subsequent chapters address their characterization, fabrication techniques from lab-scale to mass production, and functionality. In turn, the book considers the environmental impact of nanotechnology and novel applications in the mechanical industries, energy harvesting, clean energy, manufacturing materials, electronics, transistors, health and medical therapy. In closing, it addresses the combination of biological systems with nanoelectronics and highlights examples of nanoelectronic–cell interfaces and other advanced medical applications. The book answers the following questions: • What is different at the nanoscale? • What is new about nanoscience? • What are nanomaterials (NMs)? • What are the fundamental issues in nanomaterials? • Where are nanomaterials found? • What nanomaterials exist in nature? • What is the importance of NMs in our lives? • Why so much interest in nanomaterials? • What is at nanoscale in nanomaterials? • What is graphene? • Are pure low-dimensional systems interesting and worth pursuing? • Are nanotechnology products currently available? • What are sensors? • How can Artificial Intelligence (AI) and nanotechnology work together? • What are the recent advances in nanoelectronic materials? • What are the latest applications of NMs?

Download or read book High Efficiency Silicon Solar Cells written by Martin A. Green and published by Trans Tech Publications Ltd. This book was released on 1987-01-01 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The early chapters comprehensively review the optical and transport properties of silicon. Light trapping is described in detail. Limits on the efficiency of silicon cells are discussed as well as material requirements necessary to approach these limits. The status of current approaches to passifying surfaces, contacts and bulk regions is reviewed. The final section of the book describes the most practical approaches to the fabrication of high-efficiency cells capable of meeting the efficiency targets for both concentrated and non-concentrated sunlight, including a discussion of design and processing approaches for non-crystalline silicon.

Download or read book Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells written by W.R. Fahrner and published by Trans Tech Publications Ltd. This book was released on 2006-08-15 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The world of today must face up to two contradictory energy problems: on the one hand, there is the sharply growing consumer demand in countries such as China and India. On the other hand, natural resources are dwindling. Moreover, many of those countries which still possess substantial gas and oil supplies are politically unstable. As a result, renewable natural energy sources have received great attention. Among these, solar-cell technology is one of the most promising candidates. However, there still remains the problem of the manufacturing costs of such cells. Many attempts have been made to reduce the production costs of “conventional” solar cells (manufactured from monocrystalline silicon using diffusion methods) by instead using cheaper grades of silicon, and simpler pn-junction fabrication. That is the ‘hero’ of this book; the heterojunction solar cell.

Download or read book Thin Film Silicon Solar Cells written by Arvind Shah and published by EPFL Press. This book was released on 2010-08-19 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Photovoltaic technology has now developed to the extent that it is close to fulfilling the vision of a "solar-energy world," as devices based on this technology are becoming efficient, low-cost and durable. This book provides a comprehensive treatment of thin-film silicon, a prevalent PV material, in terms of its semiconductor nature, starting out with the physical properties, but concentrating on device applications. A special emphasis is given to amorphous silicon and microcrystalline silicon as photovoltaic materials, along with a model that allows these systems to be physically described in the simplest manner possible, thus allowing the student or scientist/engineer entering the field of thin-film electronics to master a few basic concepts that are distinct from those in the field of conventional semiconductors. The main part of the book deals with solar cells and modules by illustrating the basic functioning of these devices, along with their limitations, design optimization, testing and fabrication methods. Among the manufacturing processes discussed are plasma-assisted and hot-wire deposition, sputtering, and structuring techniques.

Download or read book Bulk Crystal Growth of Electronic Optical and Optoelectronic Materials written by Peter Capper and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2005-10-31 with total page 574 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A valuable, timely book for the crystal growth community, edited by one of the most respected members in the field. Contents cover all the important materials from silicon through the III-V and II-IV compounds to oxides, nitrides, fluorides, carbides and diamonds International group of contributors from academia and industry provide a balanced treatment Includes global interest with particular relevance to: USA, Canada, UK, France, Germany, Netherlands, Belgium, Italy, Spain, Switzerland, Japan, Korea, Taiwan, China, Australia and South Africa

Download or read book Dielectric Films for Advanced Microelectronics written by Mikhail Baklanov and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2007-04-04 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The topic of thin films is an area of increasing importance in materials science, electrical engineering and applied solid state physics; with both research and industrial applications in microelectronics, computer manufacturing, and physical devices. Advanced, high-performance computers, high-definition TV, broadband imaging systems, flat-panel displays, robotic systems, and medical electronics and diagnostics are a few examples of the miniaturized device technologies that depend on the utilization of thin film materials. This book presents an in-depth overview of the novel developments made by the scientific leaders in the area of modern dielectric films for advanced microelectronic applications. It contains clear, concise explanations of material science of dielectric films and their problem for device operation, including high-k, low-k, medium-k dielectric films and also specific features and requirements for dielectric films used in the packaging technology. A broad range of related topics are covered, from physical principles to design, fabrication, characterization, and applications of novel dielectric films.

Download or read book Liquid Phase Epitaxy of Electronic Optical and Optoelectronic Materials written by Peter Capper and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2007-08-20 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Liquid-Phase Epitaxy (LPE) is a technique used in the bulk growth of crystals, typically in semiconductor manufacturing, whereby the crystal is grown from a rich solution of the semiconductor onto a substrate in layers, each of which is formed by supersaturation or cooling. At least 50% of growth in the optoelectronics area is currently focussed on LPE. This book covers the bulk growth of semiconductors, i.e. silicon, gallium arsenide, cadmium mercury telluride, indium phosphide, indium antimonide, gallium nitride, cadmium zinc telluride, a range of wide-bandgap II-VI compounds, diamond and silicon carbide, and a wide range of oxides/fluorides (including sapphire and quartz) that are used in many industrial applications. A separate chapter is devoted to the fascinating field of growth in various forms of microgravity, an activity that is approximately 30-years old and which has revealed many interesting features, some of which have been very surprising to experimenters and theoreticians alike. Covers the most important materials within the field The contributors come from a wide variety of countries and include both academics and industrialists, to give a balanced treatment Builds-on an established series known in the community Highly pertinent to current and future developments in telecommunications and computer-processing industries.

Download or read book Charge Transport in Disordered Solids with Applications in Electronics written by Sergei Baranovski and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-08-14 with total page 498 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of charge conduction in disordered materials is a rapidly evolving area owing to current and potential applications of these materials in various electronic devices This text aims to cover conduction in disordered solids from fundamental physical principles and theories, through practical material development with an emphasis on applications in all areas of electronic materials. International group of contributors Presents basic physical concepts developed in this field in recent years in a uniform manner Brings up-to-date, in a one-stop source, a key evolving area in the field of electronic materials

Download or read book Two dimensional Electron Gases and Ferromagnetic Semiconductors written by Sebastian Tobias Benedikt Gönnenwein and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Optical Properties of Condensed Matter and Applications written by Jai Singh and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-10-02 with total page 451 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Following a semi-quantitative approach, this book presents asummary of the basic concepts, with examples and applications, andreviews recent developments in the study of optical properties ofcondensed matter systems. Key Features: Covers basic knowledge as well as application topics Includes theory, experimental techniques and current anddeveloping applications Timely and useful contribution to the literature Written by internationally respected contributors working inphysics and electrical engineering departments and governmentlaboratories