Download or read book Development of Nonadentate Ligands for the Selective Separation of Lanthanides and Actinides written by Ivan Fabe Dempsey Hyatt and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABSTRACT: To meet the energy demands of the future, nuclear power provides one of the best options for providing electricity. The encumbrance that nuclear power bears is that the radioactive waste must be stored for many thousands of years. To counteract the problems associated with radioactive waste, the actinides can be separated from the waste stream in order to decrease waste volume and, after transmutation, decrease storage time of the hazardous materials. Transmutation of actinides is hindered by the presence of lanthanides lowering the efficiency of the process. The following work presents ligands that can separate these two groups of metals from each other. The design of the ligands is based on radioactive stability, hard-soft acid-base principles, and the use of environmentally friendly elements. Tridentate ligands with nitrogen donor groups can then be attached to a triphenoxymethane scaffold to make a rigid structure that bonds metals in a nonadentate fashion. Several computational methods were also used to investigate the geometric and electronic structure of the metal complexes.

Download or read book Progress Towards the Development of Ligands for Separating Actinides from Lanthanides written by Ashfaq Afsar and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Lanthanides And Actinides The Synthesis Reactivity Properties And Applications written by Stephen T Liddle and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2021-12-30 with total page 727 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Lanthanides and Actinides: Synthesis, Reactivity, Properties and Applications constitutes an introduction to and comprehensive coverage of f-block chemistry encompassing the following areas: periodicity, natural occurrence and extraction, separations, electronic structure, coordination chemistry, organometallic chemistry, small molecule activation, catalysis, organic synthesis applications, magnetism, spectroscopy, computation, materials, photonics, solar cell technology, biological imaging, and technological applications. Under these subject areas the book provides a broad but deep coverage, providing basic overviews as well as detailed chapters on specific areas.This book, targeted at academics, postgraduates and advanced undergraduates, will serve as an ideal introductory text and key reference work to the Lanthanides and Actinides.

Download or read book Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Nitrogen containing Ligands for Metal Ion Separations written by Cortney Leigh Hoch and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A serious limiting factor in the continued development of nuclear power is the disposal of high-level radioactive waste from spent nuclear fuel. The PUREX process can be used for the recovery of U and Pu, but it does not separate the products of fission which are potentially useful, but currently cause most of our problems with radioactive waste. An important complicating factor is the presence of large amounts of lanthanides in dissolved spent nuclear fuel. The separation of lanthanides (Ln) from actinides (An) is therefore critical to the future of nuclear power.

Download or read book The Effect of Structural Hindrance on the Complexation of Actinides and Lanthanides by Ligands Containing Soft Nitrogen Donors written by Mark Daniel Ogden and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Characterizing Mixed Ligand F Element Complexes for Improved Actinide III Lanthanide III Separations written by Ian Michael Hobbs and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seaborg and coworkers established in the 1950s that the most effective approach to accomplishing a lanthanide trivalent actinide group separation was to introduce donor atoms softer than oxygen, specifically Cl-- , into a low selectivity separation platform like Dowex 50 cation exchange resin. This soft-donor effect was attributed to the slightly stronger covalent contribution in the bonding of actinides to such ligands. A decade later, Weaver and Kappelmann developed the TALSPEAK concept, based on the introduction of multiple N-donor holdback reagents, like DTPA (diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid) to accomplish a similar separation. Though the chemistry of TALSPEAK is more complex than the soft donor-cation exchange separation, it did enable a potentially high throughput countercurrent solvent extraction approach to An(III)/Ln(III) separations with high separation factors. Because the covalency effect is relatively weak (7--8% increased bonding affinity for An(III) over similarly-sized Ln(III)), the adoption of reagents with more N-donor atoms increases separation efficiency. However, the octadentate DTPA suffers from some issues arising from the comparatively slow complexation/decomplexation kinetics of complex molecules. In the Advanced TALSPEAK system, the primary aqueous holdback reagent is HEDTA ((2 hyroxyethyl)ethylenediaminetriacetic acid), a pentadentate aminopolycarboxylate ligand, with three water molecules completing the cation coordination environment. The Ln(HEDTA)(OH2) 3 aqueous complex leaves room for the addition of a secondary soft donor ligand, for example iminodiacetic acid. In this report, selected results of an investigation of the thermodynamics and kinetics of such ternary complexes and their impact on Advanced TALSPEAK separations will be described.

Download or read book Separation of Lanthanide Ions with Kl ui Ligand Resin written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Separation and pre-concentration of the desired analyte is often a critical step in many radioanalytical methods. Current procedures for separating and concentrating analytes for detection are complex, and can be both expensive and time consuming. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to develop an alternative method of separating lanthanide ions through the use of an extraction chromatography resin containing a Klaui ligand salt. This research is a continuation of a concerted effort to develop new methods of detecting small concentrations of radionuclides and lanthanides using Klaui ligands. The Klaui ligands, C5Me5Co(OP(OR)2)3- (R=Me, Et, n-Pr) (LOR- ), have unique affinity for lanthanide and actinide ions in the presence of competing metal ions. The use of 1 wt% NaLOR (R=Et or n-Pr) adsorbed onto resin support has been shown to extract lanthanide ions from aqueous nitric acid solutions of different concentrations. In order to further evaluate the utility of these materials in radiochemical separation, the selectivity of the resins for the different lanthanide ions was examined by measuring the distribution coefficients (Kd) for a series of lanthanides over a range of solution conditions. Based on prior research with actinide ions, it was hypothesized that the lanthanide ions would bond strongly with the Klaui ligands. The success of this research is important, because it will assist in expanding and improving current automated radiochemical methods, which will decrease the cost of developing and implementing radiochemical methods. To date, Kd values have been determined for Eu+3, Nd+3 and Pr+3 under varying nitric acid (HNO3) concentration, using a resin consisting of 1.0 wt% NaLOPr on Amberlite XAD-7HP. The dependence of the Kd values for Eu+3 has also been examined as a function of the ligand-to-europium ratio and the nitrate concentration. Decreasing Kd values were obtained upon increasing the nitric acid concentration, indicating protonation of the ligand, which competes with binding of the lanthanide ions. As expected, increasing the Klaui ligand-to-europium ratio results in increasing Kd, but no conclusions could be made from these data regarding stoichiometry of the complex formed on the resin. No dependence of the Kd on the nitrate concentration was observed, supporting the notion that the HNO3 dependence is dominated by the presence of the acidic hydronium ion (as opposed to the nitrate ion). Future work will involve the determination of the Kd values for the remainder of the lanthanide series to further assess the potential of the Klaui ligand for intra-group lanthanide separations.

Download or read book Selective Extraction of Trivalent Actinides from Lanthanides with Dithiophosphinic Acids and Tributylphosphate written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A variety of chemical systems have been developed to separate trivalent actinides from lanthanides based on the slightly stronger complexation of the trivalent actinides with ligands that contain soft donor atoms. The greater stability of the actinide complexes in these systems has often been attributed to a slightly greater covalent bonding component for the actinide ions relative to the lanthanide ions. The authors have investigated several synergistic extraction systems that use ligands with a combination of oxygen and sulfur donor atoms that achieve a good group separation of the trivalent actinides and lanthanides. For example, the combination of dicyclohexyldithiophosphinic acid and tributylphosphate has shown separation factors of up to 800 for americium over europium in a single extraction stage. Such systems could find application in advanced partitioning schemes for nuclear waste.

Download or read book Lanthanide and Actinide Chemistry written by Simon Cotton and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-03-15 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The only introduction into the exciting chemistry of Lanthanides and Actinides. The book is based on a number of courses on "f elements" The author has a long experience in teaching this field of chemistry Lanthanides have become very common elements in research and technology applications; this book offers the basic knowledge The book offers insights into a vast range of applications, from lasers to synthesis The Inorganic Chemistry: A Textbook series reflects the pivotal role of modern inorganic and physical chemistry in a whole range of emerging areas, such as materials chemistry, green chemistry and bioinorganic chemistry, as well as providing a solid grounding in established areas such as solid state chemistry, coordination chemistry, main group chemistry and physical inorganic chemistry. Lanthanide and Actinide Chemistry is a one-volume account of the Lanthanides (including scandium and yttrium), the Actinides and the Transactinide elements, intended as an introductory treatment for undergraduate and postgraduate students. The principal features of these elements are set out in detail, enabling clear comparison and contrast with the Transition Elements and Main Group metals. The book covers the extraction of the elements from their ores and their purification, as well as the synthesis of the man-made elements; the properties of the elements and principal binary compounds; detailed accounts of their coordination chemistry and organometallic chemistry, from both preparative and structural viewpoints, with a clear explanation of the factors responsible for the adoption of particular coordination numbers; spectroscopy and magnetism, especially for the lanthanides, with case studies and accounts of applications in areas like magnetic resonance imaging, lasers and luminescence; nuclear separations and problems in waste disposal for the radioactive elements, particularly in the context of plutonium. Latest developments are covered in areas like the synthesis of the latest man-made elements, whilst there is a whole chapter on the application of lanthanide compounds in synthetic organic chemistry. End-of-chapter questions suitable for tutorial discussions are provided, whilst there is a very comprehensive bibliography providing ready access to further reading on all topics.

Download or read book Experimental and Theoretical Approaches to Actinide Chemistry written by John K. Gibson and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-03-19 with total page 534 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A review of contemporary actinide research that focuses on new advances in experiment and theory, and the interplay between these two realms Experimental and Theoretical Approaches to Actinide Chemistry offers a comprehensive review of the key aspects of actinide research. Written by noted experts in the field, the text includes information on new advances in experiment and theory and reveals the interplay between these two realms. The authors offer a multidisciplinary and multimodal approach to the nature of actinide chemistry, and explore the interplay between multiple experiments and theory, as well as between basic and applied actinide chemistry. The text covers the basic science used in contemporary studies of the actinide systems, from basic synthesis to state-of-the-art spectroscopic and computational techniques. The authors provide contemporary overviews of each topic area presented and describe the current and anticipated experimental approaches for the field, as well as the current and future computational chemistry and materials techniques. In addition, the authors explore the combination of experiment and theory. This important resource: Provides an essential resource the reviews the key aspects of contemporary actinide research Includes information on new advances in experiment and theory, and the interplay between the two Covers the basic science used in contemporary studies of the actinide systems, from basic synthesis to state-of-the-art spectroscopic and computational techniques Focuses on the interplay between multiple experiments and theory, as well as between basic and applied actinide chemistry Written for academics, students, professionals and researchers, this vital text contains a thorough review of the key aspects of actinide research and explores the most recent advances in experiment and theory.

Download or read book Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry written by Jonathan L. Sessler and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reviews the current diagnostic and therapeutic uses of metal-containing compounds in medicine, as well as the role of metals in disease.

Download or read book Lanthanide Luminescence written by Pekka Hänninen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-06-21 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lanthanides have fascinated scientists for more than two centuries now, and since efficient separation techniques were established roughly 50 years ago, they have increasingly found their way into industrial exploitation and our everyday lives. Numerous applications are based on their unique luminescent properties, which are highlighted in this volume. It presents established knowledge about the photophysical basics, relevant lanthanide probes or materials, and describes instrumentation-related aspects including chemical and physical sensors. The uses of lanthanides in bioanalysis and medicine are outlined, such as assays for in vitro diagnostics and research. All chapters were compiled by renowned scientists with a broad audience in mind, providing both beginners in the field and advanced researchers with comprehensive information on on the given subject.

Download or read book Relativistic Methods for Chemists written by Maria Barysz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-04-15 with total page 622 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “Relativistic Methods for Chemists”, written by a highly qualified team of authors, is targeted at both experimentalists and theoreticians interested in the area of relativistic effects in atomic and molecular systems and processes and in their consequences for the interpretation of the heavy element’s chemistry. The theoretical part of the book focuses on the relativistic methods for molecular calculations discussing relativistic two-component theory, density functional theory, pseudopotentials and correlations. The experimentally oriented chapters describe the use of relativistic methods in different applications focusing on the design of new materials based on heavy element compounds, the role of the spin-orbit coupling in photochemistry and photobiology, and chirality and its relations to relativistic description of matter and radiation. This book is written at an intermediate level in order to appeal to a broader audience than just experts working in the field of relativistic theory.

Download or read book Metal Complexes in Aqueous Solutions written by Arthur E. Martell and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stability constants are fundamental to understanding the behavior of metal ions in aqueous solution. Such understanding is important in a wide variety of areas, such as metal ions in biology, biomedical applications, metal ions in the environment, extraction metallurgy, food chemistry, and metal ions in many industrial processes. In spite of this importance, it appears that many inorganic chemists have lost an appreciation for the importance of stability constants, and the thermodynamic aspects of complex formation, with attention focused over the last thirty years on newer areas, such as organometallic chemistry. This book is an attempt to show the richness of chemistry that can be revealed by stability constants, when measured as part of an overall strategy aimed at understanding the complexing properties of a particular ligand or metal ion. Thus, for example, there are numerous crystal structures of the Li+ ion with crown ethers. What do these indicate to us about the chemistry of Li+ with crown ethers? In fact, most of these crystal structures are in a sense misleading, in that the Li+ ion forms no complexes, or at best very weak complexes, with familiar crown ethers such as l2-crown-4, in any known solvent. Thus, without the stability constants, our understanding of the chemistry of a metal ion with any particular ligand must be regarded as incomplete. In this book we attempt to show how stability constants can reveal factors in ligand design which could not readily be deduced from any other physical technique.

Download or read book The Chemistry of Contrast Agents in Medical Magnetic Resonance Imaging written by Andre S. Merbach and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-02-19 with total page 514 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is one of the most important tools in clinical diagnostics and biomedical research. The number of MRI scanners operating around the world is estimated to be approximately 20,000, and the development of contrast agents, currently used in about a third of the 50 million clinical MRI examinations performed every year, has largely contributed to this significant achievement. This completely revised and extended second edition: Includes new chapters on targeted, responsive, PARACEST and nanoparticle MRI contrast agents. Covers the basic chemistries, MR physics and the most important techniques used by chemists in the characterization of MRI agents from every angle from synthesis to safety considerations. Is written for all of those involved in the development and application of contrast agents in MRI. Presented in colour, it provides readers with true representation and easy interpretation of the images. A word from the Authors: Twelve years after the first edition published, we are convinced that the chemistry of MRI agents has a bright future. By assembling all important information on the design principles and functioning of magnetic resonance imaging probes, this book intends to be a useful tool for both experts and newcomers in the field. We hope that it helps inspire further work in order to create more efficient and specific imaging probes that will allow materializing the dream of seeing even deeper and better inside the living organisms. Reviews of the First Edition: "...attempts, for the first time, to review the whole spectrum of involved chemical disciplines in this technique..."—Journal of the American Chemical Society "...well balanced in its scope and attention to detail...a valuable addition to the library of MR scientists..."—NMR in Biomedicine

Download or read book Molecular Electrostatic Potentials written by J.S. Murray and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1996-11-22 with total page 681 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past 25 years, the molecular electrostatic potential has become firmly established as an effective guide to molecular interactions. With the recent advances in computational technology, it is currently being applied to a variety of important chemical and biological systems. Its range of applicability has expanded from primarily a focus on sites for electrophilic and nucleophilic attack to now include solvent effects, studies of zeolite, molecular cluster and crystal behavior, and the correlation and prediction of a wide range of macroscopic properties. Moreover, the increasing prominence of density functional theory has raised the molecular electrostatic potential to a new stature on a more fundamental conceptual level. It is rigorously defined in terms of the electron density, and has very interesting topological characteristics since it explicitly reflects opposing contributions from the nuclei and the electrons.This volume opens with a survey chapter by one of the original pioneers of the use of the electrostatic potential in studies of chemical reactivity, Jacopo Tomasi. Though the flow of the succeeding chapters is not stringently defined, the overall trend is that the emphasis changes gradually from methodology to applications. Chapters discussing more theoretical topics are placed near the end. Readers will find the wide variety of topics provided by an international group of authors both convincing and useful.

Download or read book Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry written by Jason S. Lewis and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-04-02 with total page 648 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a comprehensive guide to radiopharmaceutical chemistry. The stunning clinical successes of nuclear imaging and targeted radiotherapy have resulted in rapid growth in the field of radiopharmaceutical chemistry, an essential component of nuclear medicine and radiology. However, at this point, interest in the field outpaces the academic and educational infrastructure needed to train radiopharmaceutical chemists. For example, the vast majority of texts that address radiopharmaceutical chemistry do so only peripherally, focusing instead on nuclear chemistry (i.e. nuclear reactions in reactors), heavy element radiochemistry (i.e. the decomposition of radioactive waste), or solely on the clinical applications of radiopharmaceuticals (e.g. the use of PET tracers in oncology). This text fills that gap by focusing on the chemistry of radiopharmaceuticals, with key coverage of how that knowledge translates to the development of diagnostic and therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals for the clinic. The text is divided into three overarching sections: First Principles, Radiochemistry, and Special Topics. The first is a general overview covering fundamental and broad issues like “The Production of Radionuclides” and “Basics of Radiochemistry”. The second section is the main focus of the book. In this section, each chapter’s author will delve much deeper into the subject matter, covering both well established and state-of-the-art techniques in radiopharmaceutical chemistry. This section will be divided according to radionuclide and will include chapters on radiolabeling methods using all of the common nuclides employed in radiopharmaceuticals, including four chapters on the ubiquitously used fluorine-18 and a “Best of the Rest” chapter to cover emerging radionuclides. Finally, the third section of the book is dedicated to special topics with important information for radiochemists, including “Bioconjugation Methods,” “Click Chemistry in Radiochemistry”, and “Radiochemical Instrumentation.” This is an ideal educational guide for nuclear medicine physicians, radiologists, and radiopharmaceutical chemists, as well as residents and trainees in all of these areas.