Download or read book Development of New Characteristics for Identification and Classification of Cultivars of Perennial Ryegrass Lolium Perenne L written by Madeline Elizabeth Hamill and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cattle in Ancient and Modern Ireland written by Fergus Kelly and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2016-04-26 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cattle have been the mainstay of Irish farming since the Neolithic began in Ireland almost 6000 years ago. Cattle, and especially cows, have been important in the life experiences of most Irish people, directly and/or through legends such as the Táin Bó Cuailnge (The Cattle-raid of Cooley). In this book, diverse aspects of cattle in Ireland, from the circumstances of their first introduction to recent and ongoing developments in the management of grasslands – still the main food-source for cattle in Ireland – are explored in thirteen essays written by experts. New information is presented, and several aspects relating to cattle husbandry and the interactions of cattle and people that have hitherto received little or no attention are discussed.
Download or read book British Reports Translations and Theses written by British Library. Document Supply Centre and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Issue for Mar. 1981 contains index for Jan.-Mar. 1981 in microfiche form.
Download or read book Analyzing The Role of Gibberellin in Dwarfism and Shade Tolerance in Perennial Ryegrass Lolium Perenne L as Exhibited by the Shadow 1 Mutant Lineage written by Lorenzo Katin-Grazzini and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 95 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Turfgrass is cultivated across the globe as an aesthetically pleasing and functional groundcover. One of the most popular turfgrass species is perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), which is valued for its fast establishment, dark green color, and adaptability to different soil types. In 2011, the Li lab initiated a mutation breeding program focused on developing new perennial ryegrass cultivars with desirable traits for the turfgrass industry. This project first centered around identifying dwarf mutant plants and later evolved into an exploration of beneficial secondary phenotypes associated with dwarfism, such as shade tolerance. One mutant, called shadow-1, was analyzed in detail over the course of multiple years of greenhouse and field studies. These studies have determined that shadow-1 plants possess leaves which elongate slowly compared to wild type and are significantly resistant to the impact of shade stress. These traits were found to be stably inherited in shadow-1 progeny and segregate together. Both the dwarfism and shade tolerance exhibited by shadow-1 plants could be abolished through the exogenous application of the phytohormone gibberellin. Hormone analysis revealed that endogenous gibberellin levels were decreased in shade-stressed shadow-1, but increased in light-grown shadow-1, compared to wild type under each respective condition. Through transcriptome analysis it was determined that shade stress altered the expression of a greater number of genes than those altered by the mutation(s) found in shadow-1. Transcriptome analysis also uncovered downregulation of gibberellin biosynthesis genes in shadow-1 plants, although this was more severe in shade-stressed shadow-1. Additionally, the gibberellin degradation gene GA2ox was downregulated in shadow-1 kept under light conditions while DELLA, the negative regulator of gibberellin response was upregulated. Taken together, these data provide evidence that dwarfism in shadow-1 is caused by partial gibberellin insensitivity while shade tolerance is caused by gibberellin deficiency and both of these phenotypes are caused by a single mutation which can impact both pathways. These findings provide valuable information to geneticists and breeders who are interested in developing dwarf and/or shade tolerant plant cultivars.
Download or read book Host Bibliographic Record for Boundwith Item Barcode 30112033097202 and Others written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Growth and Development of Perennial Ryegrass Lolium Perenne L Under Controlled and Waterlogged Conditions written by Anthony Michael Leddin and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Waterlogging decreased the mass of roots in the top 7 cm of soil but waterlogging tolerant accessions were able to maintain root mass in the lower soil zone > 7 cm. Waterlogging also increased the rate of leaf senescence of perennial ryegrass. From this experiment, using the accessions identified as waterlogging tolerant, two methods could be taken to develop a waterlogging tolerant cultivar of perennial ryegrass. The waterlogging tolerant accession could be integrated into a breeding program or the waterlogging tolerant and intolerant plants could be crossed to develop a mapping population. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for waterlogging tolerance could be identified in this population and the markers identifying these QTLs could be used to identify waterlogging tolerant genotypes in existing breeding programs.
Download or read book Bibliography of Agriculture written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 1732 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Performance of Perennial Ryegrass Lolium Perenne L Seed Crops Under Water Stress Conditions written by Theodosius Marmaduke Velloza and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Summer drought is a major factor limiting the regrowth of perennial ryegrass seed crops. This phase of crop development has a strong influence on seed yield because most of the tillers that contribute towards next season's seed crop are produced or regrown during this period. In recent years many seed fields have exhibited premature decline probably because of extensive drought after harvesting. Therefore, this study was undertaken to (i) assess how post-harvest leaf and tiller development is impacted by the timing and severity of water stress and (ii) identify potential relationships of water stress to flowering and seed yield. Rain-out shelters were used to exclude rainfall from two cultivars which received either no irrigation or 2.5 cm of simulated rainfall in mid-August or mid-September or both. These were compared to an ambient treatment. No rainfall decreased total tiller production by approximately 30% in 1995 and 50% in 1996. There were also moderate reductions in tiller dry weight, tiller height, and slight decreases in number of leaves and the basal diameters. The trend showed that the cultivar Affinity responded quicker to an early irrigation whereas the cultivar Buccaneer had a longer period of summer dormancy. Total soluble sugars concentrations increased as tiller number decreased suggesting the potential for rapid compensatory growth upon alleviation of drought. Limited irrigation during the post-harvest period of regrowth did not generally affect fertile tiller number nor seed yields. Fewer vegetative tillers as the stands aged, together with other changes in plant parameters, may mark the beginning of the dieback problem. In greenhouse studies, four cultivars were rapidly stressed using vermiculite as a growth medium. Though little differences were observed among cultivars when physiological responses were evaluated, stomata' diffusive resistance and leaf temperatures increased, whereas plant water potential and leaf transpiration decreased as stress was prolonged. Plant survival following water stress was largely dependent on cultivar and gravimetric water content of vermiculite. This technique did not reasonably simulate natural drought conditions in terms of plant physiological performances nor soil characteristics, but it was useful to differentiate the ability of different genotypes to survive a drought-induced dieback.
Download or read book Agronomy Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 976 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Includes abstracts of the annual meetings of the American Society of Agronomy; Soil Science Society of America; Crop Science Society of America ( - of its Agronomic Education Division).
Download or read book Agrobacterium mediated Transformation of Perennial Ryegrass Lolium Perenne L for Cold Tolerance written by Carmille Joanna C. Bales and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Perennial Ryegrass Lolium Perenne L Cultivar Response to a Postemergence Application of Mesotrione written by Barbara J. Hinds-Cook and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) is a widely grown cool season, bunch type, short lived perennial grass that is native to Europe, Asia, and North Africa, but has been adapted globally. Perennial ryegrass is quick to establish, has a long growing season, and produces high seed yield and forage or turf quality (high density, fine leaves, and dark green color). Mesotrione is a selective 4-hydroxyphyenyl pyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibiting herbicide used for weed control in perennial ryegrass seed production and turfgrass in the USA. HPPD inhibiting herbicides cause a reduction in carotenoids which protect chlorophyll from high energy light. The photodegradation of chlorophyll results in a bleaching of leaf tissue in susceptible plants. In seed production, mesotrione, commercialized in the USA as Callisto®, is applied postemergence in the spring to fall planted perennial ryegrass seed crops. Mesotrione for use in turfgrass, commercialized in the USA as Tenacity®, is applied pre or postemergence. The effects of a postemergence application of mesotrione on chlorophyll concentration, dry biomass, plant height, and seed yield and germination compared to an application of another HPPD inhibitor, pyrasulfotole-bromoxynil, on perennial ryegrass cultivars were evaluated. There were differences in perennial ryegrass cultivar response to a postemergence application of both HPPD inhibitors in chlorophyll concentration and to a postemergence application of pyrasulfotole-bromoxynil in dry biomass. No reduction in plant height was caused by the HPPD inhibitors. Seed yield of the perennial ryegrass cultivars was not negatively impacted by a postemergence application of mesotrione. However, only twelve perennial ryegrass cultivars were evaluated in this study; therefore, caution may be warranted when using mesotrione with other perennial ryegrass cultivars. The effects of mesotrione applied postemergence on perennial ryegrass cultivars at three different temperatures, 5, 25, and 35°C, on chlorophyll concentration, leaf color, and total chlorophyll were investigated. At each temperature, there was a response within some cultivars. The cultivar ‘Derby Xtreme’ exhibited the most sensitivity to mesotrione at 5°C and ‘SR 4660ST’ was the most sensitive at 35C. The cultivar ‘PR 8821’ was the most sensitive overall at all evaluation timings and temperatures. The cultivar exhibiting the most tolerance to mesotrione was ‘Esquire’. Assessing perennial ryegrass cultivar response to mesotrione at one temperature versus another temperature resulted in ‘Allstar 3’ exhibiting less sensitivity at 35 than at 5 or 25°C. The majority of cultivars exhibited more sensitivity at 25 than at either 5 or 35°C. Turfgrass managers should use caution when applying mesotrione postemergence to some perennial ryegrass cultivars if temporary bleaching of the turf is undesirable.
Download or read book Identification of Species and Varieties of Ryegrass Lolium Spp written by Manoel Bernardo De Barros and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 91 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this study was to investigate ryegrass seedling characteristics that, by themselves, or combined with presently known characters, could improve varietal identification tests. Thirteen characters were studied on 30 varieties of Lolium multiflorum Lam., L. perenne L., L. rigidum Gaud, and L. hybridum Hausskn., including leaf size and area, epidermal characteristics, structural elements, and leaf blade vernation. Mean differences among species occurred in the following characteristics: Lolium multiflorum. and L. perenne: leaf width, leaf length, leaf area, minor and major vascular bundles, lower and upper sclerenchyma fiber groups, hair density, number of vascular bundles, and leaf blade vernation, Lolium multiflorum and L. hybridum; leaf width, leaf length, leaf area and leaf vernation. Lolium perenne and L. hybridum: leaf width, leaf length, leaf area, and total of sclerenchyma fiber groups, and leaf vernation. Lolium perenne and L. rigidum: leaf width, leaf length, leaf area, and leaf vernation. Lolium multiflorum and L. rigidum: leaf blade vernation. Lolium hybridum and L. rigidum: leaf blade vernation. Tetraploids and diploids were significantly different on the average, within their respective species, as follows: Lolium multiflorum: leaf width, leaf length, leaf area, stomata density. Lolium perenne: leaf width, leaf length, leaf area, stomata density. Lolium hybridum: stomata density, and number of major vascular bundles. Some significant differences among varieties within species and ploidy levels were observed in the following characteristics: Lolium multiflorum tetraploids: leaf width, leaf length, leaf area, minor vascular bundles. Lolium multiflorum diploids: leaf width, leaf length, leaf area, minor vascular bundles, total vascular bundles. Lolium perenne tetraploids: leaf area. Lolium perenne diploids: leaf length, leaf area, minor vascular bundles. Although varietal means differed for many of the characters, individual plants could not be identified on the basis of a single character. An illustration was prepared to show how a combination of morphological characters might be used in varietal identification. With a table of varietal means for nine characters, only two (Jolanda and Tetrone--both tetraploids of L. multiflorum) of the 30 varieties studied were indistinguishable. The leaf blade vernation of Wimmera (L. rigidum) and. Tetrelite (L. hybridum) appeared to be intermediate between that of L. multiflorum and L. perenne. The vernation was folded from the midrib, like in L. perenne, while the edges of the leaf were inrolled and overlapping, somewhat like L. multiflorum. This type of vernation is being called semi-rolled, to conveniently distinguish from "rolled" and "folded."
Download or read book The Ryegrasses written by Harry August Schoth and published by . This book was released on 1940 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Molecular Evolution of the Genus Lolium L written by Kornelia Polok and published by Kornelia Polok. This book was released on 2007 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Multivariate characterization of genetic diversity in collection of perennial ryegrass Lolium perenne L ecotypes clones and cultivars written by Elżbieta Kochańska-Czembor and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Adaptation of Diploid and Tetraploid Cultivars of Perennial Ryegrass Throughout Michigan as Grown in Association with Or Without Ladino Clover written by Deborah L. Warnock and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book SDS PAGE of Seed Proteins for Identification of Varieties and Species of Ryegrass Lolium Spp written by Janet M. Ferguson and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The number of varieties of ryegrass (Lolium spp.) has increased greatly in recent years. An accurate and rapid laboratory technique to identify these varieties would benefit the consumer as well as protect an organization's Plant Variety Protection rights. There is also a need for a technique to complement the seedling fluorescence test to differentiate annual (L. multiflorum Lam.) from perennial (L. perenne L.) ryegrass. Electrophoresis has been successful in species and variety identification of ryegrass, but often differences are based only on band intensity or require analysis of 100 plants or more. The purpose of this study was to develop electrophoretic procedures which would identify varieties of perennial ryegrass, differentiate between annual and perennial ryegrass species and detect seed mixtures of these two species. Proteins were analyzed using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SOS-PAGE). Extractions were made on ground seed from bulk samples and from single seeds. In the characterization study of perennial ryegrass, 28 varieties were tested. Many of the protein bands were common for all of the varieties. Individual varieties were characterized by presence or absence of specific bands and by band intensity ratios calculated from densitometer scans. Most of the varieties were differentiated by unique banding patterns. The varieties 'Pennant' and 'Premier', however, were not successfully differentiated from each other nor was 'Omega' found to be different from the variety 'Birdie.' In a study to determine the feasibility of detecting mixtures of species, SDS-PAGE was conducted on 17 annual, 3 intermediate, and 28 perennial ryegrass varieties. The annual and intermediate varieties possessed protein bands at R[subscript f] .71 and .73 that were not found in any of the perennial varieties. Bands were present in the perennial varieties at R[subscript f] .80 and .88 that were absent or very faintly stained in the annual and intermediate varieties. The intermediate species could not be differentiated from the annual species. Attempts were made to use SDS-PAGE to detect contamination of perennial ryegrass seed lots with small percentages of annual ryegrass seed. Annual and perennial ryegrass seeds were mixed together in different proportions to make concentrations of 0, 1, 3, 5, 10, 25, 50, 75, and 100% annual seed. Visible detection of the annual bands was possible in the mixtures of 25% or more annual seed. Densitometer scans could detect the presence of these annual bands in mixtures of 10%, but not in lower concentrations. Protein extracts of individual seeds were electrophoresed to determine whether species mixtures can be detected on an individual seed basis. When individual seeds were used, the resulting banding patterns were different than those produced from bulk seed extracts from the same variety. Furthermore, no two seeds within a variety showed the same banding patterns. However, the characteristic annual bands at R[subscript f] .71 and .73 were still evident in most single seeds from annuals. Likewise, the characteristic perennial bands at R[subscript f] .80 and .88 were normally present in individual seeds of the perennials. Banding patterns of SDS-PAGE of seed proteins were not affected by year and location grown, class of certification or viability or vigor of the seed. This one procedure can be used to differentiate varieties as well as species of ryegrass, making this SDS-PAGE system adaptable to seed testing needs.
