Download or read book Development of Microfluidic Microarrays and Inexpensive Devices for Detection of Cancer Biomarker Proteins written by Chi Tang and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cancer, an incurable disease that has caused pain and suffering to many patients, is the a leading cause of death in the U.S. second only to heart disease. Although significant research efforts are spent toward cancer therapeutics and treatments, it remains mostly incurable, with the exception of breast cancer. With early detection through the means of annual mammograms, breast cancers are usually caught in the earlier stage and thus improving overall prognosis of the disease. Unfortunately, same cannot be said for other type of cancers in which small solid tumors are difficult to find through current imaging techniques such as MRI or CT scan. In additional, these annual screening using MRI or CT scan are too expensive to be effective and would place significant burden on the current healthcare system. Alternative methods that measure elevated or suppressed level of secreted proteins are promising for cancer diagnosis and may allow early detection, as well as providing the ability to stage the disease so that patients can receive personalized therapy for better treatment outcome. With recent federal government initiatives in â€Precision Medicine†and â€Moonshot†recently announced in President Obama’s 2016 State of Union address, the collection of millions of patient data including levels of secreted proteins will give researchers the ability design detection strategies that tailors to different class of patients as defined by their genetics, daily activities, diets, and etc... The primary goals of this thesis are to develop inexpensive diagnostic tools that can measure panels of proteins in serum samples. These devices will be designed to cater towards different usage situations and resource settings. This thesis also explores and describes different low cost device fabrication techniques that can be used in general laboratory settings, many of which were developed in our lab. By combing these cheaply, yet sophisticated devices with either electrochemical or chemiluminescent detection methods, these devices hold great promise as accurate and sensitive cancer diagnostic tools in clinical settings.

Download or read book Microfluidics and Biosensors in Cancer Research written by David Caballero and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-06-27 with total page 599 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a comprehensive overview of the development and application of microfluidics and biosensors in cancer research, in particular, their applications in cancer modeling and theranostics. Over the last decades, considerable effort has been made to develop new technologies to improve the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Microfluidics has proven to be a powerful tool for manipulating biological fluids with high precision and efficiency and has already been adopted by the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries. With recent technological advances, particularly biosensors, microfluidic devices have increased their usefulness and importance in oncology and cancer research. The aim of this book is to bring together in a single volume all the knowledge and expertise required for the development and application of microfluidic systems and biosensors in cancer modeling and theranostics. It begins with a detailed introduction to the fundamental aspects of tumor biology, cancer biomarkers, biosensors and microfluidics. With this knowledge in mind, the following sections highlight important advances in developing and applying biosensors and microfluidic devices in cancer research at universities and in the industry. Strategies for identifying and evaluating potent disease biomarkers and developing biosensors and microfluidic devices for their detection are discussed in detail. Finally, the transfer of these technologies into the clinical environment for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer patients will be highlighted. By combining the recent advances made in the development and application of microfluidics and biosensors in cancer research in academia and clinics, this book will be useful literature for readers from a variety of backgrounds. It offers new visions of how this technology can influence daily life in hospitals and companies, improving research methodologies and the prognosis of cancer patients.

Download or read book Microfluidic Systems for Cancer Diagnosis written by Jose L. Garcia-Cordero and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-06-10 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This detailed volume explores recent developments in microfluidics technologies for cancer diagnosis and monitoring. The book is divided into two sections that delve into techniques for liquid biopsy for cancer diagnosis and platforms for precision oncology or personalized medicine in order to create effective patient avatars for testing anti-cancer drugs. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step and readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Microfluidic Systems for Cancer Diagnosis serves as an ideal guide that will be helpful to either replicate the construction of microfluidic devices specifically developed for cancer diagnosis or to catalyze development of new and better cancer diagnostic devices.

Download or read book Microarrays in Diagnostics and Biomarker Development written by Bertrand Jordan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-04-23 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microarray technology has made strong progress over the past decade, and there have also been significant changes in application areas, from nucleic acids to proteomics and from research to clinical applications. This book provides a comprehensive overview of microarrays in diagnostics and biomarker development, covering DNA, peptide, protein and tissue arrays. The focus is on entities that are in actual clinical use, or quite close, and on recent developments, such as peptide and aptamer arrays. A further topic is the miniaturisation towards “nanoarrays”, which is expected to have great potential in clinical applications. Relevant issues of bioinformatics and statistical analysis of array data are discussed in detail, as well as the barriers to the commercialisation of array-based tests and the vexing IP issues involved. Thus, the book should be very useful tor active array users as well as to newcomers seeking to make the best choice between different technologies.

Download or read book Microarrays written by Kilian Dill and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-12-30 with total page 355 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Combinatorial chemistry is used to find materials that form sensor microarrays. This book discusses the fundamentals, and then proceeds to the many applications of microarrays, from measuring gene expression (DNA microarrays) to protein-protein interactions, peptide chemistry, carbodhydrate chemistry, electrochemical detection, and microfluidics.

Download or read book Microfluidic Modules for Enabling Point of Care Biopsy based Cancer Diagnostics written by Debkishore Mitra and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The analyses of patient tumor biopsy samples and biopsy-based diagnostics have emerged as important tools for cancer diagnostics. However, the techniques employed currently are restricted to centralized laboratories as they are time-consuming, manual labor intensive and vary considerably in their effectiveness amongst institutions and countries. Point of Care testing (POCT) for cancer with the capacity for multiplexed detection of numerous biomarkers in biopsy samples in a rapid, precise and portable manner is emerging as an area with enormous potential to disseminate universal diagnostics to cancer patients. Additionally, POCT can be used as a screening tool, to discern malignant from benign tumors at the physician's office, and lead to reduction in the need for expensive and time-consuming laboratory tests, hence minimizing the cost and anxiety, for patients with benign tumors. A POCT platform for multiple biomarker analysis can not only improve the operational characteristics of assays but can also help ascertain drug efficacy, ushering in personalized medicine for the patients. The reduced volumes and diffusion distances, which enable multiplexed, portable and quick assays, in microfluidic devices makes such devices a promising platform to realize POCT systems. But current microfluidic devices for cancer diagnostics suffer from the lack of a generalized on-chip sample preparation module and a simplified fluid actuation technique. The overall goal of the reported dissertation research is to develop microfluidic modules that will enable the development of integrated microfluidic diagnostic platforms for the multiplexed detection of cancer biomarkers in tumor biopsy samples. The main focus of the thesis is on the development of novel microfluidic sample preparation modules. The purpose of the sample preparation component is to pre-concentrate cancerous cells, remove background proteins in the sample and to subsequently lyse the cells to release the proteins of interest. The pre-concentration of the adherent cells, including the cancerous cells, in the sample is reported by trapping them using a novel hydrodynamic cell trap. The sample washing methods, to remove extracellular proteins that could interfere with downstream assays, is also optimized. An electrochemical lysis technique is then integrated to the cell pre-concentration module, to effectively lyse the cells without having to add external reagents. Microfluidic modules for the separation of bacterial and mammalian cells from mixed samples are also reported. The immortalized cancer cell lines used in this research include the human breast cancer cell lines BT-474, known to over express the Her-2 protein, and T47D along with cervical cancer cell line HeLa. The development of a novel fluid actuation technique, termed Proximal Degas-driven Flow (PDF), is also reported in this thesis. PDF takes advantage of the high porosity and air solubility of PDMS to reduce the pressure inside the fluidic channels leading to fluid flow in the channel. This actuation technique enables bubble-free fluid flow, can be used to fill up dead-end chambers in contrast to traditional pressure (positive or negative) driven flows and does not require the priming of the channels. Unlike degas-driven flow, PDF alleviates the need for pre-degassed and sealed devices, enabling consistent and longer-lasting fluid flow. This portable technique also requires very simple and cheap hardware like a vacuum bulb or membrane pump (thumb pump). In conclusion, several microfluidic modules to enable Point of Care biopsy-based cancer diagnostics are introduced. The research presented in this dissertation is an effort to transform point-of-care cancer testing and provide universal diagnostics and personalized medicine to cancer patients.

Download or read book Electrochemical Based Detection of Cancer Biomarker Proteins Using Multi labeled Magnetic Particles in Microfluidic Systems written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Applying Genomic and Proteomic Microarray Technology in Drug Discovery Second Edition written by Robert S. Matson and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-03-13 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microarrays play an increasingly significant role in drug discovery. The commercial landscape has changed dramatically over the past few years and researchers have made great advancements with regard to construction and use. Now in its second edition, Applying Genomic and Proteomic Microarray Technology in Drug Discovery highlights, describes, and evaluates current scientific research using microarray technology in genomic and proteomic applications. Updated and revised to reflect recent progress in the field, the second edition discusses: Expanded omics-driven applications, including the areas of metabolomics and chemical biology The commercialization of the microarray platform, with a historical perspective aimed at recognizing key technological developments Solid-supports (substrates) and surface chemistries currently used in the creation of nucleic acid and protein microarrays Different approaches to producing microarrays that achieve spot equality with the same number of molecules properly oriented The development of the gene expression microarray and representative applications The development of protein microarray technology, including its history and key applications Unique to this edition is a new chapter on multiplex assays that examines the development and applications of arrays across diverse platforms. It discusses applications for qPCR, multiplex lateral flow, and multiplex bead assays. It also presents platform-to-platform comparisons. Microarrays remain an invaluable tool for omics-based research not only in drug discovery, but in the life sciences, in clinical research, and for diagnostic applications worldwide. This volume presents the current state of the art on the utility of this technology to solve a host of important biological problems.

Download or read book Microfluidic and Electronic Detection of Protein Biomarkers written by Dan Wu (Ph.D.) and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proteins are essential components of our bodies and play critical roles in biological processes. Quantifying protein levels can help characterize these biological processes and detect malfunctions. Thus, protein testing is widely utilized in clinical diagnostics. The current workflow for protein testing involves the processing of patient samples that are collected at healthcare facilities. These samples are sent to centralized laboratories and analyzed using sophisticated instruments. As a result, it can take days to deliver results. However, to manage acute conditions such as sepsis, rapid results are desired to ensure timely diagnosis and treatment. In contrast, point-of-care testing has shown great promise for rapid results through the use of miniaturized and inexpensive devices in non-laboratory settings. While there have been many advances in this field, only a small number of proteins (e.g., cardiac biomarkers) are covered by point-of-care devices, due to the profound challenge of maintaining sensitivity while miniaturizing testing system and reducing assay time. In this thesis, this technical challenge was tackled to develop a point-of-care system for the measurement of interleukin-6, which can be used as a biomarker for sepsis or cytokine release syndrome. Inspired by the success of commercial glucose meters, an all-electrical system was developed, due to easy miniaturization and low cost of electronics. First, surface chemistries were developed to coat antibodies onto electrodes and successful surface modification was validated via various techniques. Non-Faradaic impedimetric, Faradaic impedimetric and chemiresistive label-free electrical biosensors were developed and examined. However, it was found that these biosensing platforms are susceptible to drifts due to the non-specific nature of the signal transduction. Then, building on the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA, the gold standard), a bead-based electronic ELISA was developed, where beads expedite the testing and electrical readout replaces the colorimetric readout in the gold standard ELISA. An integrated mathematical model was developed to comprehensively understand the assay and inform optimization. While providing comparable limit of detection with the gold standard ELISA (

Download or read book 3D printed Microfluidics for Cancer Diagnostics and Selforganization of Benzoquinone Particle Flocks written by Tianqi Chen and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cancer is the second leading cause of death over the world. Early detection is the key to improve the patients' survival with more effective treatment and better recovery, compared to being diagnosed at a late cancer stage. So far, the mostly used and gold-standard cancer diagnostic method is the combination of imaging tests e.g., CT scan and pathological exams after the biopsy. Both techniques require specialized, bulky, and expensive instruments, trained personnel, and long report-waiting time with limited spatial resolution and sensitivity that can miss small lesion of a few cancer cells at the early stage and lead to false negative results. Testing of bodily fluids for cancer biomarkers represents a newer approach that can detect cancers at stages before tumors are measurable. Point-of-care (POC) testing and 3D-printed microfluidics miniaturize the testing, reduce costs and use simplified procedures, offering accessible diagnostic tools for early detection to people in both developed and developing countries. The first part of this thesis is devoted to the development of 3D-printed POC microfluidic immunoarrays for the sensitive detection of various cancer protein biomarkers in a low-cost, rapid, and user-friendly manner. Collective self-organization is a mysterious yet interesting phenomenon observed in many living systems, from flocks of birds organizing into different patterns in the sky to clusters of cells building tissues and organs in the human body. Similar motion can also be found in non-living systems composed of artificial active particles. Non-living systems can be used as simplified models to provide insights into self-organized motion in living systems. Nonlinear thermodynamic forces and flows have been proved to drive the self-organized motion, e.g., Marangoni effect and Marangoni flows. However, energy foraging behavior, a fundamental feature of living systems, has lacked clear demonstrations in non-living systems. The second part of this thesis investigates energy foraging behavior in a system of multiple benzoquinone particles, self-organizing into flocks and seeking for interfacial free energy at the air-water interface.

Download or read book Microfluidics Nanotechnology and Disease Biomarkers for Personalized Medicine Applications written by Muhammad J. A. Shiddiky and published by Nova Science Publishers. This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, thousands of cancer biomarkers have been discovered and described in scientific literature. The promise of personalised medicine, where diseases such as cancer are accurately diagnosed and treatments tailored specifically for individuals, is becoming a reality. Significant advances in biomarker-based research methodologies such as Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) are at the cusp of ushering in a new era of personal medicine. However, unlike the spectacular advances in research technologies for disease biomarker discovery, biomarker-based technologies that can effectively be used in the clinic (or point-of-care) to enable personalised medicine are still lacking. In this book, we feature a selection of emerging technologies which are aimed at enabling clinical applications of personalised medicine. Each of the eight chapters is written by a leading group at the intersection of microfluidics, biology, and nanotechnology. For instance, to accelerate a major bottleneck in the development of clinically useful protein diagnostics, we discuss the application of yeast-derived single chain Fragment variable (scFv) antibody-like molecules as a potential low cost alternative to traditional antibody-based diagnostics. Circulating tumour cells (CTCs) are an emerging class of cancer biomarkers and a potential resource for understanding cancer progression; we explore various strategies combining microfluidics with nanotechnology for capturing CTCs. The book includes an evaluation of some current and emerging technologies for detecting clinical DNA methylation, another potential cancer biomarker. As personalised medicine may involve tracking a patient's response to treatment, the application of microfluidics to detect metabolites in biological fluids is also discussed. Finally, the ultimate goal of personalised medicine is targeted therapy. One promising approach is RNAi technology which uses short nucleotides to disrupt cancer pathways. In this book, nanoparticle approaches to deliver these short nucleotides are discussed.

Download or read book Microfluidic Devices for Biomedical Applications written by Xiujun (James) Li and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2021-08-05 with total page 724 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microfluidic Devices for Biomedical Applications, Second Edition provides updated coverage on the fundamentals of microfluidics, while also exploring a wide range of medical applications. Chapters review materials and methods, microfluidic actuation mechanisms, recent research on droplet microfluidics, applications in drug discovery and controlled-delivery, including micro needles, consider applications of microfluidic devices in cellular analysis and manipulation, tissue engineering and their role in developing tissue scaffolds, and cover the applications of microfluidic devices in diagnostic sensing, including genetic analysis, low-cost bioassays, viral detection, and radio chemical synthesis. This book is an essential reference for medical device manufacturers, scientists and researchers concerned with microfluidics in the field of biomedical applications and life-science industries. Discusses the fundamentals of microfluidics or lab-on-a-chip (LOC) and explores a wide range of medical applications Considers materials and methods for microfabrication, microfluidic actuation mechanisms and digital microfluidic technologies Details applications of microfluidic devices in cellular analysis and manipulation, tissue engineering and its role in developing tissue scaffolds, and stem cell engineering

Download or read book Adaptations of 3D Printing Technology to Microfluidics Systems for the Detection of Multi Protein Cancer Biomarkers written by KETKI BHALERAO and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The overall goal of research in our group has been to develop devices and use techniques for rapid, easy detection that would also be fully automated, highly sensitive, cost effective and involves multi-protein detection with moderate to high throughput with respect to the increasing need in clinical diagnostics of today. The devices used are developed using 3D printing technology and the methodology used was based on the generation of chemiluminescence (CL), which is obtained by applying a fixed voltage and then measured with a CCD (Charge Coupled Device) camera as a detector. The chemiluminiscense replaces the colorimetric detection of proteins which is used in traditional ELISA thus modifying the ELISA kit assays which is considered the gold standard for protein detection and making it more suitable for POC testing.

Download or read book Translational Lab on a chips with the Development of a Novel Cancer Screening Method written by Andrew W. Browne and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 185 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this research, trans-disciplinary advances are made in the fields of microfluidics, point of care testing (POCT) and cancer screening. A tumor-bearing subject is injected with a cancer-targeting gene delivery vector that selectively induces production of a secretable serum biomarker from tumor tissue and not healthy tissue is coupled with biomedical microfluidic devices which sample blood from the subject and perform analysis on the blood for presence of the serum. The unifying goal of these technologies is the detection of cancer by identifying an exogenously induced serum biomarker in subjects in a tumor-dependent manner. First, methods for rapidly fabricating microfluidic devices are developed so that the devices used as part of the cancer screening method can be designed and optimized in an iterative fashion. Second, flow control in microfluidic devices is achieved using a new design for a modular pinch valve for incorporation into microfluidic devices produced in rigid polymer substrates. Then a microfluidic device for intermittent blood sampling from catheterized patients is designed, produced and characterized for fluid control, sample collection and cross-contamination. Next a, a microfluidic blood analysis chip is designed to incorporate three functions: serum separation, hematocrit evaluation and serum biomarker quantitation. The devices function is characterized for serum separation on small blood samples (

Download or read book Electrochemical Detection of Multiple Cancer Protein Biomarkers Using Microfluidic Device written by Bhaskara V. Chikkaveeraiah and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Bioelectrochemical Interface Engineering written by R. Navanietha Krishnaraj and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-09-24 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An introduction to the fundamental concepts and rules in bioelectrochemistry and explores latest advancements in the field Bioelectrochemical Interface Engineering offers a guide to this burgeoning interdisciplinary field. The authors—noted experts on the topic—present a detailed explanation of the field’s basic concepts, provide a fundamental understanding of the principle of electrocatalysis, electrochemical activity of the electroactive microorganisms, and mechanisms of electron transfer at electrode-electrolyte interfaces. They also explore the design and development of bioelectrochemical systems. The authors review recent advances in the field including: the development of new bioelectrochemical configurations, new electrode materials, electrode functionalization strategies, and extremophilic electroactive microorganisms. These current developments hold the promise of powering the systems in remote locations such as deep sea and extra-terrestrial space as well as powering implantable energy devices and controlled drug delivery. This important book: • Explores the fundamental concepts and rules in bioelectrochemistry and details the latest advancements • Presents principles of electrocatalysis, electroactive microorganisms, types and mechanisms of electron transfer at electrode-electrolyte interfaces, electron transfer kinetics in bioelectrocatalysis, and more • Covers microbial electrochemical systems and discusses bioelectrosynthesis and biosensors, and bioelectrochemical wastewater treatment • Reviews microbial biosensor, microfluidic and lab-on-chip devices, flexible electronics, and paper and stretchable electrodes Written for researchers, technicians, and students in chemistry, biology, energy and environmental science, Bioelectrochemical Interface Engineering provides a strong foundation to this advanced field by presenting the core concepts, basic principles, and newest advances.

Download or read book Development of Novel Droplet based Microfluidic Strategies for the Molecular Diagnosis of Cancer written by Deniz Pekin and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this work is to establish novel strategies for the highly sensitive screening of cancer biomarkers in biological samples.To achieve this goal, we developed droplet-based microfluidic dPCR technique. Using a limiting dilution, individual DNA molecules are encapsulated within monodisperse droplets of a water-in-oil emulsion created with a microfluidic device. Fluorescent TaqMan® probes targeting the screened cancer biomarkers allow the detection of mutations. We focused on the mutations in the human KRAS gene for the development of our test. This method is also transposable in a multiplexed format for the parallel detection of multiple mutations in clinical samples.The developed technique allowed the precise quantification of a mutated KRAS gene in the presence of a 200,000-fold excess of un-mutated KRAS genes and enabled the determination of mutant allelic specific imbalance (MASI) in several cancer cell-lines. We validated our technique by screening for KRAS mutations in the blood plasma and tumor samples from patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.