Download or read book Development of Instrumentation to Study the Mass Composition of Cosmic Rays Between 1014 and 1016 EV written by John Robert Gill and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Index to Theses with Abstracts Accepted for Higher Degrees by the Universities of Great Britain and Ireland and the Council for National Academic Awards written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 868 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Study of Primary Cosmic Rays in the Energy Range 6 X 1014 to 5 X 1016 EV written by Luo-rui Sun and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Emission of Radio Waves in Particle Showers written by Anne Zilles and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-08-08 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis offers the first laboratory validation of microscopic simulations of radio emission from particle showers, including a detailed description of the simulation study. It presents a potential future avenue for resolving the mass composition of cosmic rays via radio detection of air showers. Particle showers are created from cascading interactions when high-energy particles collide with matter, e.g. with air in the case of cosmic radiation, or with a particle detector in the case of experiments at CERN. These showers can consist of billions of particles, mostly electrons, positrons and photons. They emit radio waves when the absorbing medium is in a magnetic field, and this radio emission can be used as a novel means of detecting and drawing inferences on the shower and the primary particle. The new method is currently being established in cosmic ray research, where large antenna arrays may soon replace or complement traditional particle detectors. In thi s study, a complete microscopic simulation of a radio-emission experiment conducted at Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC), Stanford/USA, is performed, and the underlying physical models are validated. The model is subsequently applied to the Square Kilometre Array (SKA) project, which is a large interferometer for radio astronomy. It is demonstrated that the SKA, with some modifications, might also be used for cosmic ray research based on radio detection of high-energy particles from the cosmos.

Download or read book Instrumentation in Elementary Particle Physics written by Luis Villaseñor and published by American Inst. of Physics. This book was released on 2003-08-01 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main focus of this school was to teach about experimental techniques for particle, nuclear, cosmic ray, and medical physics by means of laboratory sessions, lecture courses, and review talks. It was aimed primarily at graduate students with some participation of young post-doctoral students. This volume includes lecture courses on: Particle identification, tracking detectors, front-end electronics and signal processing, triggering and data acquisition general considerations, confidence intervals, as well as calorimetry.

Download or read book Mass Composition Studies of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays Through the Measurement of the Muon Production Depths at the Pierre Auger Observatory written by Laura Collica and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Pierre Auger Observatory studies Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECRs) physics. The flux of UHECRs is very low (less than 1 particle/km2-year) and their properties must be inferred from the measurements of the secondary particles that the cosmic ray primary produces in the atmosphere. These particles cascades are called Extensive Air Showers (EAS) and can be studied at ground by deploying detectors covering large areas. The EAS physics is complex, and the properties of secondary particles depend strongly on the first interaction, which takes place at an energy beyond the ones reached at accelerators. As a consequence, the analysis of UHECRs is subject to large uncertainties and hence many of their properties, in particular their composition, are still unclear. Two complementary techniques are used at Auger to detect EAS initiated by UHECRs: a 3000 km2 surface detector (SD) array of water Cherenkov tanks which samples particles at ground level and fluorescence detectors (FD) which collect the ultraviolet light emitted by the de-excitation of nitrogen nuclei in the atmosphere, and can operate only in clear, moonless nights. The main goal of this thesis is the measurement of UHECR mass composition using data from the SD of the Pierre Auger Observatory. Measuring the cosmic ray composition at the highe-st energies is of fundamental importance for particle physics and astrophysics. Indeed, it allows to explore the hadronic interactions at ultra-high energies, and to discriminate between different scenarios of origin and propagation of cosmic rays.

Download or read book Explorer XII Satellite Instrumentation for the Study of the Energy Spectrum of Cosmic Rays written by U. D. Desai and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Cosmic Rays and Mesotrons written by Henry John James Braddick and published by CUP Archive. This book was released on 1939 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Cosmic Rays and Their Interactions written by Vladimir Sergeevich Murzin and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Messengers from the Cosmos written by Francesco Riggi and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-03-30 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a complete overview of the development of cosmic ray physics, with historical and educational considerations, from early evidence of the existence of extraterrestrial radiation up to the most recent applications of cosmic ray muons in different aspects of daily life. Many of the original results that contributed to the study of cosmic radiation are presented and discussed, accompanied by bibliographic references, numerous in-depth appendices, about 200 illustrations and a large chapter dedicated to the overall impact of cosmic rays. The book includes sections on, among other topics: the debate on the corpuscular or radiative nature of cosmic radiation; the development of early techniques for detecting cosmic particles; the properties and composition of primary and secondary radiation; and the interaction of cosmic muons in matter and a long list of their recent applications, ranging from the muon tomography techniques to the investigation of the stability of civil buildings. The book is addressed to a wide audience, and thus, while it is used for introductory cosmic ray physics courses at the bachelor's or master's level, high school students and teachers involved in educational projects around cosmic rays also benefit from its many historical and educational aspects.

Download or read book Cosmic Ray Physics written by Veronica Bindi and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2023-03-27 with total page 684 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces you to the physics of cosmic rays, charged particles which reach us from known – and maybe unknown – sources in the cosmos. Starting from a brief history of this fascinating field, it reviews what we know about the creation of elements in the Big Bang and inside stars. It explains cosmic accelerators reaching fabulous energies. It follows the life cycle of cosmic rays all the way from their sources to detection near, on or below Earth. The central three chapters cover what we know about them at the level of the solar system, the Milky Way and the Universe at large. Up-to-date experimental results are presented in detail, showing how they are obtained and interpreted. The book provides an accessible overview of this lively and diversified research field. It will be of interest to undergraduate physics students beginning their studies on astronomy, cosmology, and particle physics. It is also accessible to the general public by concentrating mathematical and technical detail into Focus Boxes. Key features: Complete introductory overview of cosmic ray physics Covers the origins, acceleration, transport mechanisms and detection of these particles Mathematical and technical detail is kept separate from the main text

Download or read book Evidence for a Mixed Mass Composition at the ankle in the Cosmic ray Spectrum written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Here, we report a first measurement for ultra-high energy cosmic rays of the correlation between the depth of shower maximum and the signal in the water Cherenkov stations of air-showers registered simultaneously by the fluorescence and the surface detectors of the Pierre Auger Observatory. Such a correlation measurement is a unique feature of a hybrid air-shower observatory with sensitivity to both the electromagnetic and muonic components. It allows an accurate determination of the spread of primary masses in the cosmic-ray flux. Up till now, constraints on the spread of primary masses have been dominated by systematic uncertainties. The present correlation measurement is not affected by systematics in the measurement of the depth of shower maximum or the signal in the water Cherenkov stations. The analysis relies on general characteristics of air showers and is thus robust also with respect to uncertainties in hadronic event generators. The observed correlation in the energy range around the `ankle' at $\lg(E/{\rm eV})=18.5-19.0$ differs significantly from expectations for pure primary cosmic-ray compositions. A light composition made up of proton and helium only is equally inconsistent with observations. The data are explained well by a mixed composition including nuclei with mass $A> 4$. Scenarios such as the proton dip model, with almost pure compositions, are thus disfavoured as the sole explanation of the ultrahigh-energy cosmic-ray flux at Earth.

Download or read book Measurement of the Energy Spectrum of Cosmic Rays Above 3 X 1017 EV Using the Infill Array of the Pierre Auger Observatory written by Rivera Bretel Hugo Marcelo and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 157 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Pierre Auger Observatory, in Argentina, combines a 3000 $\mathrm{km^2}$ surface array of water Cherenkov detectors with fluorescence telescopes to measure extensive air showers initiated by ultra-high energy cosmic rays. This "hybrid" observatory (in operation since 2004, and completed in 2008) is fully efficient for cosmic rays energies above $10^{18}$ eV, that is, from just below the "ankle" of the energy spectrum up to the highest energies.After the completion of the main observatory, the Auger collaboration has started to deploy new instruments to extend the energy range down to about 0.1 EeV. The planned extensions include two infill surface arrays with 750 and 433 m spacing, with muon detection capabilities, and three additional fluorescence telescopes with a more elevated field of view. The 750 m infill array (covering about 24 $\mathrm{km^2}$) and the new telescopes are now operational. Their aim is the measurement of cosmic rays from below the second knee of the spectrum up to the ankle, where data from the extensions overlap those from the main observatory. The study of the evolutior of the spectrum through the second knee and the ankle, together with the primary mass composition, are crucial to the understanding of the transition from a galactic cosmic ray origin to an extragalactic one.This thesis makes use of data from the 750 m infill array: the objective is the measurement of the cosmic ray energy spectrum in the energy region above $3 \times 10^{17}$ eV, where the array is fully efficient. To get to the energy spectrum, several steps are needed, from the reconstruction of events, through the precise determination of the exposure of the array, up to the determination of the primary energy. The thesis deals with these aspects, before reaching the final result.The first chapter gives a general introduction to cosmic ray physics and detectors. It also summarizes experimental results above the first knee of the spectrum with particular emphasis on those obtained above $10^{17}$ eV. The next two chapters describe the Pierre Auger Observatory and the infill array, respectively. In chapter 2, the main Auger results are summarized too, after a schematic description of th different components of the observatory. Chapter 3 sets the stage for the following chapters. It presents a more detailed description of the characteristics of the infill array, in particular the trigger definitions, event selection and reconstruction. In chapter 4 the performance of the reconstruction of the lateral distribution of observed showers is studied in detail. This is particularly important for the energy spectrum, since the signal at a fixed distance from the shower axis is used as the energy estimator of the event. This signal is estimated by means c the measured lateral distribution of the shower. Chapter 5 presents a comparison between the event reconstruction of the infill and main arrays. Using the set of showers detected by both instruments, the derived geometry and energy estimation are compared, showing a good agreement. In chapter 6, the energy threshold of the array, and hence the set of events to be used, is defined. The methods to obtain the exposure of the array are discussed, as well as related systematic uncertainties. Finally, in chapter 7, the technique to derive the primary energy for each detected shower is presented. The derived energy spectrum is discussed, and the flux is shown to be consistent with that measured by other instruments in the overlapping energy regions.

Download or read book Bulletin Canadien de G ophysique written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 446 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Determination of the Mass of Cosmic Ray Particles from Their Ionizing Power written by Artemii Isaakovich Alikhanian and published by . This book was released on 1954 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Measurements of the Mass Composition of Cosmic Rays Near 1015 EV Made at the South Pole written by Katie Rochester and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 564 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book INIS Atomindex written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 1336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: