Download or read book Development of High Resolution Imaging Detectors for X Ray Astronomy written by National Aeronautics and Space Adm Nasa and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2018-12-29 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This final report summarizes our past activities and discusses the work performed over the period of 1 April 1990 through 1 April 1991 on x-ray optics, soft x-ray (0.1 - 10 KeV) imaging detectors, and hard x-ray (10 - 300 KeV) imaging detectors. If microchannel plates (MCPs) can be used to focus x-rays with a high efficiency and good angular resolution, they will revolutionize the field of x-ray optics. An x-ray image of a point source through an array of square MCP pores compared favorably with our ray tracing model for the MCP. Initial analysis of this image demonstrates the feasibility of MCPs for soft x-rays. Our work continues with optimizing the performance of our soft x-ray MCP imaging detectors. This work involves readout technology that should provide improved MCP readout devices (thin film crossed grid, curved, and resistive sheets), defect removal in MCPs, and photocathode optimization. In the area of hard x-ray detector development we have developed two different techniques for producing a CsI photocathode thickness of 10 to 100 microns, such that it is thick enough to absorb the high energy x-rays and still allow the photoelectrons to escape to the top MCP of a modified soft x-ray imaging detector. The methods involve vacuum depositing a thick film of CsI on a strong back, and producing a converter device that takes the place of the photocathode. Murray, S. S. and Schwartz, D. A. NASA-CR-193653, NAS 1.26:193653 NAG5-605...
Download or read book Development of High Resolution Imaging Detectors for X ray Astronomy written by Stephen S. Murray and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book High Resolution Imaging written by Swapan K. Saha and published by Pan Stanford. This book was released on 2015-01-28 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interferometric observations need snapshots of very high time resolution of the order of (i) frame integration of about 100 Hz or (ii) photon-recording rates of several megahertz (MHz). Detectors play a key role in astronomical observations, and since the explanation of the photoelectric effect by Albert Einstein, the technology has evolved rather fast. The present-day technology has made it possible to develop large-format complementary metal oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) and charge-coupled device (CCD) array mosaics, orthogonal transfer CCDs, electron-multiplication CCDs, electron-avalanche photodiode arrays, and quantum-well infrared (IR) photon detectors. The requirements to develop artifact-free photon shot noise-limited images are higher sensitivity and quantum efficiency, reduced noise that includes dark current, read-out and amplifier noise, smaller point-spread functions, and higher spectral bandwidth. This book aims to address such systems, technologies and design, evaluation and calibration, control electronics, scientific applications, and results. One of the fastest growing applications is signal sensing, especially wavefront sensing for adaptive optics and fringe tracking for interferometry, which is important for long-baseline optical interferometry. The coherence time of the atmosphere is a highly variable parameter. Depending upon the high velocity wind, it varies from 1 ms to 0.1 s. The exposure times are to be selected accordingly, to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio, as well as to freeze the fringe pattern. A large-format photon-counting system, which is an essential tool in the application of optical interferometric imaging, allows accurate photon centroiding and provides the dynamic range needed for measurements of source characteristics. The advent of high-quantum efficiency photon-counting systems vastly increases the sensitivity of high-resolution imaging techniques. Such systems raise the hope of making diffraction-limited images of objects as faint as ~15–16 m_v (visual magnitude). This book deals with the fundamentals of the important aspects of high-resolution imaging, such as electromagnetic radiations, particularly, optical wavelengths and their distortions due to optical elements and Earth’s atmosphere while passing through a detector; semiconductor physics; lasers; fiber optics; photon-detection process; photodetectors; charge-transfer devices; photon-counting devices in visible wavelength; radiation detectors in infrared wavelengths; and detecting systems for high energies.
Download or read book Imaging Detectors In High Energy Astroparticle And Medical Physics Proceedings Of The Ucla International Conference written by Jun Park and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1996-10-04 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume addresses four major topical areas: imaging detectors for astrophysics application, noble liquid compound, medical application and high energy application.Noble liquid and scintillating fiber technology, which opened a new era in high spatial (energy) resolution, high speed detection of charged particles and gamma rays, is developing further and its application seems to be concentrated in three major directions: astrophysics, high energy physics and medical imaging. In addition, the book covers new developments in imaging photon detectors, hybrid type (fiber and noble liquid) detectors for WIMP search and several promising techniques for new imaging detectors.
Download or read book X ray Detectors in Astronomy written by G. W. Fraser and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2009-06-11 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1989, this book provides a comprehensive review of the detection techniques that are used in X-ray astronomy. Since the first discovery of a cosmic X-ray source in 1962, there has been rapid growth in X-ray astronomy, which has largely been made possible by enormous advances in the capabilities of photon counting instrumentation. The book describes the first 25 years of astronomical X-ray instrumentation and summarises the areas of current detector research, giving particular emphasis to imaging devices and to non-dispersive devices of high spectral resolution. It is the first book to give such a comprehensive treatment of the subject, and will provide astronomers with a valuable summary of detection techniques.
Download or read book Detector Technologies for Future High Throughput and Fine Resolution X ray Telescopes written by Samuel Hull and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The next generation of soft X-ray telescopes plan to push the boundaries of X-ray astronomy by featuring large increases in effective area. The most difficult observations, such as will be required to fully explore the low-luminosity and high-redshift X-ray Universe, will need to couple this high throughput with very fine angular resolution -- as is currently being studied for the Lynx mission concept. At the focal planes of instruments equipped to carry out this work will be arrays of small pixels (to oversample the telescope point spread function) that are capable of low-noise, rapid readout (to avoid pile-up of X-ray photons). While traditional X-ray charge-coupled devices (CCDs) have now been the workhorse imaging sensors in X-ray astronomy for ~ 25 years, these requirements -- specifically low-noise, rapid readout -- are outside their capabilities. Active pixel sensors (APSs) are a natural alternative due to their highly parallel readout. They also offer several other advantages, including less susceptibility to radiation damage, low power consumption, and nondestructive and windowed readout. Several APS technologies are currently under development; this work focuses on hybrid complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) detectors, with additional smaller-scale discussion of depleted p-channel field-effect transistors (DePFETs). Through detailed characterization of these technologies, this dissertation aims to demonstrate the advancement of hybrid CMOS detectors (HCDs) and DePFETs towards future flagship X-ray space telescopes like Lynx. After briefly reviewing the history and current state of X-ray astronomy, the dissertation continues with a discussion of the physics of soft X-ray detection, along with details on the operation of CCDs, HCDs, and DePFETs. Following this is a description of the design, testing, and full characterization results of prototype small-pixel HCDs -- which have been specifically developed to meet the needs of a Lynx-class observatory. Results include measurements of the read noise, dark current, pixel well capacity, pixel crosstalk, charge diffusion, pixel-to-pixel gain variation, and spectral resolution. The subsequent section features initial testing results from prototype DePFETs sensors, along with a discussion of their possible development path. Finally, the dissertation closes with an exploration of the exciting novel X-ray astronomy that will be possible with future instruments that may utilize these technologies.
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 728 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Physics and Engineering of Radiation Detection written by Syed Naeem Ahmed and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-11-20 with total page 784 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Physics and Engineering of Radiation Detection presents an overview of the physics of radiation detection and its applications. It covers the origins and properties of different kinds of ionizing radiation, their detection and measurement, and the procedures used to protect people and the environment from their potentially harmful effects. The second edition is fully revised and provides the latest developments in detector technology and analyses software. Also, more material related to measurements in particle physics and a complete solutions manual have been added. Discusses the experimental techniques and instrumentation used in different detection systems in a very practical way without sacrificing the physics content Provides useful formulae and explains methodologies to solve problems related to radiation measurements Contains many worked-out examples and end-of-chapter problems Detailed discussions on different detection media, such as gases, liquids, liquefied gases, semiconductors, and scintillators Chapters on statistics, data analysis techniques, software for data analysis, and data acquisition systems
Download or read book 15 year Plan for X ray Astronomy 1994 2008 written by United States. X-ray Astronomy Program Working Group and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Development of a High Resolution Liquid Xenon Imaging Chamber for Gamma Ray Astronomy written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-07-02 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective was to develop the technology of liquid xenon (LXe) detectors for spectroscopy and imaging of gamma rays from astrophysical sources emitting in the low to medium energy regime. In particular, the technical challenges and the physical processes relevant to the realization of the LXe detector operated as a Time Projection Chamber (TPC) were addressed and studied. Experimental results were obtained on the following topics: (1) long distance drift of free electrons in LXe (purity); (2) scintillation light yield for electrons and alphas in LXe (triggering); and (3) ionization yield for electrons and gamma rays in LXe (energy resolution). The major results from the investigations are summarized. Aprile, Elena Unspecified Center NAGW-1370...
Download or read book Development of Hard X ray Imaging Detectors for the High Energy Focusing Telescope written by Chi Ming Hubert Chen and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book NASA Technical Memorandum written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book ERDA Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 676 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Working Papers written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1991-02-01 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains working papers on astronomy and astrophysics prepared by 15 non-National Research Council panels in areas ranging from radio astronomy to the status of the profession.
Download or read book EUV X ray and Gamma ray Instrumentation for Astronomy and Atomic Physics written by Charles J. Hailey and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 704 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Monthly Catalog of United States Government Publications written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Research and Technology Objectives and Plans Summary RTOPS written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
